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Showing the Styles and Pistils-The Female Organs: Briar

Commercial firms who grow new varieties of outdoor roses at once bud or graft on Manetti or Briar stocks to propagate the wood.

As a rule, inside grafting is not done the latter part of the winter, the sun being too hot.

Briar as a stock is not used in indoor work, as during the winter it "goes to sleep."

For these reasons seedlings of Wichuraiana, of Rugosa and of sorts which grow especially well on their own roots should first be tested on their own roots.

For a temporary inside test, budding on strong blooming plants will be found to give quick results. After a satisfactory test, the surest and best method to increase the stock is to bud the varieties outside the following August. The plant is then ready for the outdoor ordeal if it is to be used as a garden variety. It will thus be seen how much time is required before a new variety may be passed upon as of value.

In experiments with cuttings and with budding it was found that while the information contained in the text books on these subjects seemed very complete, work was not successful until instruction was received from men who did this work themselves.

Cuttings are so generally used in greenhouse work that it is easy for anyone who wishes to make them to learn at first hand how the operation is accomplished; but they are only valuable for the hardiest varieties.

Budding is more difficult, and it is doubtful whether it would pay the average amateur. Those who desire to bud on a large scale should buy the books previously referred to, in which the descriptions are most accurate and thorough, but they should also take a lesson from some practical budder. The disadvantage of budding is the length of time required to secure results. It is necessary in the fall to procure seeds of the stock to be used. There is then the work of planting these seeds in February, taking care of the young seedlings, and setting them out in nursery rows as soon as the weather is suitable. Such seedlings are ready for budding in August of the same year. After they have been budded they are ordinarily left until the following spring when, if the bud takes, flowers will be produced. These plants can be moved only in the spring at great risk, and should be carried over in the nursery beds until the fall, when they may be moved. It therefore takes a year from the time the seed is gathered before the budded plant may be placed in its garden bed.

Other methods are to procure plants or cuttings of the stock desired, place them in nursery rows in the fall or following spring, and bud them likewise in August, after which time the procedure is the same.

On the other hand, with the majority of fieldgrown, budded stock selling at an average of fifty cents apiece, the amateur may secure his plants in one fall and have bloom the following spring, thereby saving a year.

A quicker method, but which requires the use of a greenhouse, is to have the stocks budded in August, and in the fall when the plants become dormant, pot and give greenhouse care during the winter. Such plants are put out in the spring after the season is settled, and by this method blooms on new varieties and tests of new seedlings are quickly secured. The disadvantages are: First, the great amount of care necessitated by the greenhouse; and second, the fact that after the plants are removed to the garden beds they have already had a considerable period of growth and their constitutions are impaired by the lengthened outdoor season before dormancy again prevails in the fall.

All this work, however, is most interesting for those who desire to go into rose growing to the fullest extent. There is one point, not generally mentioned in the books on budding, which seems to be worth recording. Most handbooks advise that after the bud is cut, the wood be removed from the bark and only the bark with the small immature bud left. This result is obtained by a quick short jerk which severs the weak and immature bud from the hard wood of the cane. This was found most difficult to accomplish, as unless the plant was in exactly the right condition, the immature bud was often broken. The men who taught budding did not use this method, but after cutting the bud, shaved the same down until there was only a very small portion of wood left with a large surface of bark.

In this shaving down, the point emphasized was that the edges should be as clean as possible. This explanation will be understood in conjunction with any book on budding.

Where a grower is unable to procure additional plants of a particular rose it is suggested that he send wood of the variety to the nearest nurseryman, who can bud it for him.

For those who wish to grow roses for exhibition, the method has generally been to bud in August and cut the flowers in the following spring from the budded growth, as the first or maiden bloom on such plants is usually finer than that on two- and threeyear-old bushes. A INDEX Admiral Dewy rose, 35 Admiral Ward rose, 105 Alice Lemon rose, 78 Aimée Cochet rose, 35 Alexandra Zarifi rose, 116 Alex. Hill Gray rose, 65, 78 Alister Stella Gray rose (Noisette), 126 Alpina roses, propagation of, by suckers, 17 All-around best roses, 32-97 American growers, advantages of buying from, 147 American Pillar rose, 123 Annchen Muller rose, 113 Annie Besant rose, 78 Antoine Rivoire rose, 35, 43, 48, 154, 155 Aphides, or green flies, 178 Ards Rover rose, 119 Arethusa rose, 115 Ashes as a fertilizer, 176 Atropurpurea rose, 112 Autumn planting, advantage, 150 Aviateur Bleriot rose, 124 B Baby Ramblers, 117, 123 Banksian rose, 127, 131 Bardou Job, 116 Baroness Rothschild rose, 110 Beauté Inconstante rose, 78 Beds, care of, 138 composition, 136, 141 design-suggestions, 135 drainage, 142 finished, 144 for autumn planting, 145 location and preparation, 133, 137 soil, soils, 136, 143, 144 Belle Lyonnaise rose (tea), 126 Belle Siebrecht rose, 36, 78 Best all-around roses, 32, 97 Betty rose, 64, 79/ Black spot, cure for, 182, 184, 187 Blanc Double de Coubert rose, 112 Blanche Frowein rose, 126 Blanche Moreau rose, 114 Blood as a fertilizer, 177 Bone meal, 176 Bouche rose, 117 Bouquet rose, 126 Bourbon Perpetual rose, 30, 174 Boytard rose, sport from (Ecarlate), 25 Breeding new varieties, 25 methods kept secret, 34 table of main varieties, 30 Briar, 63, 159 stocks for budding, 41, 76 160 for grafting, 24, 199 Bridesmaid rose, 35 Budded roses, 20, 22, 23, 201 advantages of, 21, 22 objections to, 20 Budding, 15, 18, 19, 22, 200 Buds, small, removal of, 177 Bugs or beetles, 180 C INDEX Camoens rose, sport from (Ecarlate), 25 Captain Hayward rose, 109, 110 Cardinal rose, 57 Carmine Pillar rose, 122 Caroline Testout rose, 35, 55, 119, 126, 166 Cecile Brunner, climbing, 113, 123, 132 Cecile Custers rose, 79 Céline Forestier rose, 126 Ceres rose, 125 Characteristics of prominent roses, 32 Château de Clos Vougeot rose, 57,62 Cheerful rose, 105 China roses, 108, 114, 174 Chrissie MacKeller rose, 65, 70, 117 Christine Wright rose, 119 Clarice Goodacre rose, 79 Classification-maine varieties, 78-97 Cleveland rose, 105 Clothilde Soupert rose, 113 Climate, American, influence of, on European roses, 38, 40, 190 Climbers, 38, 118, 121-125 planting, 128 Climbers, pruning, 129 Wichuraiana, 121 Climbing American rose, 119 Climbing Clothilde rose, 123 Beauty Soupert Climbing Hybrid Tea roses, 118, 120, 122 Climbing Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, 120 Climbing Lady Ashtown rose, 120 Climbing Madame Melanie Soupert rose, 120 Climbing Mrs. W. J. Grant rose, 120 Climbing Richmond rose, 126 Cloth of Gold rose, 126 Colors and shades, 40, 42, 94 Comte G. de Rochemur rose, 56, 58 Comtesse de Rafelis St. Sauveur rose, 105 Comtesse du Cayla rose, 79, 117 Conrad Ferdinand Meyer rose, 112 Constance rose, 79 Coquette de Lyon rose, 36 Cordelia rose, 126 Countess of Shaftsbury rose, 79 Crimson Baby Rambler, 123 Crushed stone for under-drainage, 142 Cultivation, 176 Cutting, of flowers, 172, 173 varieties for, 50, 57, 64 Cutting off bushy tops in late autumn, 184 Cuttings, 15, 17, 18, 21, 200 C. W. Cowan rose, 60, 79 D Daily Mail rose, 64, 66, 164 Damask Hybrids, 30, 33 propagation of, 17 Perpetual, 33 Danæ rose, 125 Dean Hole rose, 79 Decorative Roses, 44, 57, 65, 117, 128 Diagram showing location of each rose should be kept, 154, 155 Disbudding, 177 Diseases, 177, 178 remedies, 187 Dr. Gill rose, 35 Dr. W. Van Fleet rose, 121 Dolly Varden rose, 112 Dorothy Page Roberts rose, 80 Dorothy Perkins rose, 124 Dorothy Ratcliffe rose, 80 Double Killarney rose, 26 Ducher rose, 80 Duchess of Albany rose, 25 Duchess of Sutherland rose, 80 Duchess of Wellington rose, 64, 65, 154, 155 Duchess of Westminster rose, 80 Duisburg rose, 80 Druschki rose (see Frau Karl Druschki) Dwarfs (bushes) and standards, 38, 40 Dwarf Polyanthas, 113 E Earl of Warwick rose, 80 Ecarlate rose, a sport from Camoens, 25, 57, 63 Edmée Metz rose, 35 Edu Meyer rose, 81 Edward Mawley rose, 81 Eliza Robichon rose, 124 Ellen Poulsen rose, 113 Ellen Willmott rose, 81 Elli Hartmann rose, 64, 68 Etincelante rose, 81 Etoile de France rose, 81 Etoile d'Or rose, 113 Eugene Beauharnais rose, 115 Eugene Boullet rose, 81 Evangeline rose, 124 Evergreen Gem rose, 123 Excelsa rose, 124 F Fabier rose, 115 Farben Königin rose, 81 Feeding, 176 Ferdinand Jamin rose, 35 Fisher Holmes rose, 35, 110 Flies, green, 178 Florence Pemberton rose, 81 Flowers, number of, in a season, 163 Foreword, 7 Formaldehyde for spraying, 182 Form, 100 Fortune's yellow rose, 131 Forty-eight best roses, 42 Frau Bertha Kiese rose, 81 Frau Karl Druschki rose, 35, 43, 81, 109, 110, 111 Frau Margrethe Moller rose, 50, 52 Frau Math. Noehl rose, 82 Friefrau Ida von Schubert rose, 60 Freiherr von Marschall rose, 82 Frost, protection of soil from, for late autumn planting, 145 E. R. Patzer rose, 82 Furstin von Pless rose, 127 G Galatea rose, 125 Gardenia rose, 124 Gartendirector Hartrath rose, 82 Green flies, destruction of, 178 Greenhouse for hybridization, 31 Grossherzog Friedrich rose, 50, 51 Ground, cultivation, 179 Gruss an Aachen rose, 47, 113 Gruss an Teplitz rose, 57, 62, 117, 127 Gustav Grunerwald rose, 82 H Harry Kirk rose, 64, 65, 109, 128 Habit, 101 Hadley rose, 106 General Jacqueminot rose, 34, Hansa rose, 112 122 General MacArthur rose, 28, 57, 60, 154, 155 General-Superior Arnold Jansen rose, 82 Geoffrey Henslow rose, 110 George Arends rose, 110 George C. Waud rose, 57, 59 George Elger rose, 113 George Laing Paul rose, 35 Gloire de Dijon rose, 126 Gloire de Chedane Guinoisseau rose, 110 Gloire Lyonnaise rose, 110 Gloire des Rosomanes rose, 196 Golden Meyer rose, 105 Goldfinch rose, 122, 124 Gorgeous rose, 106 Grace Molyneux rose, 82 Grafting, 15, 23, 24 Grange Colombe rose, 44 Heinrich Schultheis rose, sports from, 27 Helen Good rose, 83 Hermosa rose, 83 Herzogin Marie Antoinette rose, 83 H. F. Eilers rose, 83 Hiawatha rose, 28, 122, 124 Hilling up late in autumn, 184, 185 Hoeing, 179 Hon. Ina Bingham rose, 110, 137 Hoosier Beauty rose, 106 Hugo Roller rose, 83 H. V. Machin rose, 83 Hybrid Austrian Briars (Pernetianas), 37, 114 Bourbon rose, 114 China roses, 22, 30, 33, 108, Hybrid Perpetual roses, 22, 26, Japanese Multiflora, stocks for 27, 29, 30, 33, 34, 36, 37, 43, 108, 109, 111, 132, 153, 173, 185, 191, 193 Perpetual roses, ancestors of, 29, 30 Tea roses, 22, 26, 27-30, 36, 37, 39, 41, 43-55, 58-70, 105, 111, 114, 116-120, 127, 128, 153, 160, 163, 166, 185, 193 Tea climbers, 132, 190 budding, 19, 149 Jean Note rose, 83 Jean Girin rose, 125 Jessie rose, 113 Joseph Hill rose, 83, 154, 155 Juliet rose, 84 K Kaiserin Augusta Victoria rose, 36, 84, 121 Katherine Zeimet rose, 113 Polyanthas, 122, 129, 132, Key to classification, 79 190 Rugosa rose, 112 Wichuraiana roses, 131, 132, 186 Hybridization, 29, 30, 190, 196 Hybrids, seeds from, useless, 16 I Imogen rose, 106 Indica Odorata rose, 30 Individual qualities, 98 Information, general, 190 Irish Beauty rose, 116 Irish Brightness rose, 116 Irish Elegance rose, 116 Irish Glory rose, 116 Irish Harmony rose, 116 Irish roses, single, 117 Killarney rose, 40, 54, 154, 155 new varieties (sports), 25 Killarney Brilliant rose, 84 Killarney Queen rose, 84 Königin Carola rose, 84 L La Detroit rose, 35 of La France rose, 25, 33, 36, 50, 56, 137 dark, 25 La Tosca rose, 44, 49 Lady Alice Stanley rose, 50, 53 Lady Ashtown rose, 50, 84 Lady Barham rose, 84 Lady Battersea rose, 84 Lady de Bathe rose, 85 Lady Downe rose, 85 Lady Dunleath rose, 85 J Lady Greenall rose, 85 Lady Hillingdon rose, 85 Jacqueminot rose (see General Lady Katherine rose, 85 Jacqueminot) Lady Margaret Boscawen rose, Jacques Porcher rose, 44, 45 Jacques Vincent rose, 83 Lady Mary Fitzwilliam rose, 35 Lady Mary Ward rose, 85 INDEX Madame Caroline Testout (see Lady Penzance rose, 115 Caroline Testout) Lady Pirrie rose, 64 Madame Charles Dubreuil rose, Lady Plymouth rose, 64, 69 87 Lady Ursula rose, 85, 117, 127, Madame Charles Lutlaud rose, 128 87 Laurette Messimy rose, 115 Madame Charles Worth rose, Le Mexique Wichuraiana rose, 112 125 Madame Colette Martinet rose, Lena rose, 86 106 Leonie Lamesch rose, 113 Madame Edmée Metz rose, 35, Leuchfeuer rose, 115 87 Lieutenant Chaure rose, 57, 61 Madame Edmond Rostand rose, Liquid manure, 177 87 Litter for winter protection, Madame Edouard Herriot rose, 185, 186 37,66 Location and preparation of Madame Eugene Resal rose, 115 beds, 133 Lord Penzance rose, 115 Los Angeles rose, 106 Louise-Catherine Breslau rose, 86 Louise Welter rose, 86 Madame Gabriel Luizet rose, 110 Madame Hector Leuillot rose, 121 Madame Jenny Guillemot rose, 88 Lucida roses, propagation of, Madame Jules Grolez rose, 88 from suckers, 17 Lucien Chaure rose, 86 Ludwig Moller rose (yellow Hybrid Perpetual), 111 Lutea rose, 37 Lyon rose, 37, 87, 137 M Mabel Drew rose, 87 Madame Abel Chatenay rose, 87 Madame Alfred Carriere rose, 126 Madame Bardou Job rose, 87 Madame Bravy rose, 33, 34 Madame Bérard rose, 34, 122 Madame Levavasseur rose, 113 Madame Leon Pain rose, 52 Madame Marcel Delanney rose, 106 Madame Maurice de Luze rose, 50, 53 Madame Melanie Soupert rose, 64, 68 Madame Phillippe Rivoire rose, 88 Madame Ravary rose, 88 Madame Rodolphe Arnaud rose, 88 Madame Segond Weber rose, 50 Madame Vermorel rose, 88 Madame Victor Verdier rose, 33 Madame Wagram, Comtesse de Turenne rose, 88 Mdlle. Marie Mascuraud rose, 88 Miss G. Messman rose, 123 Miss Muriel Jamison rose, 116 Miss O. G. Orpen rose, 116 Molly Sharman Crawford rose, 90 Moonlight rose, 125 Mrs. Aaron Ward rose, 67 Mdlle. Simone Beaumez rose, 49 Mrs. Ambrose Riccardo rose, 90 Main list of roses, 71, 78-97 Mrs. Amy Hammond rose, 90 Majestic rose, 89 Mrs. Anthony Waterer rose, Maman Cochet rose, 65, 89 107 Manetti stocks for budding, 19, Mrs. Arthur E. E. Coxhead 160 rose, 90 Manetti stocks for grafting, 24, Mrs. A. R. Waddell rose, 65, 70 Mrs. Bertram J. Walker rose, 107 Mrs. B. R. Cante rose, 57, 62 Mrs. Bosanquet rose, 115 Margaret Dickson rose, 109, 110 Mrs. Charles Custis Harrison 199 Manure, 157, 176, 177 Marcella rose, 106 Marechal Niel rose, 126 Margherita Croze rose, 89 Marie-Jeanne rose, 123 Marie Pavie rose, 113 Marie Schmitt rose, 89 Marie Van Houtte rose, 89 Marquise de Ganay rose, 89 Marquise de Sinety rose, 89 Mary, Countess of Ilchester rose, 89 rose, 90 Mrs. Charles E. Allen rose, 90 Mrs. Charles E. Pearson rose, 91.