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Contact Insecticides

For plant lice use one lb. soap to 5 to 8 gallons water. For aphids and larvæ use nicotine sulphate at strength given on package or 1 lb. tobacco stems boiled in 2 gal. water (Dilution of nicotine sulphate is generally pint to 50 gallons of water. The addition of 2 lbs. of soap is desirable). For scales use 2 gal. kerosene and I gal. sour milk. For plant lice use 2 gal. kerosene and I gal. soft water and lb. soap. For scales use in winter only a lime-sulphur spray containing about 20 lbs. of unslaked lime and 15 lbs. of flowers of sulphur to 50 gal. of water. For red spider and plant mites use flowers of sulphur as a dry powder dusted over the trees when covered with dew or immediately after a rain. For hibernating insects use a miscible or soluble oil at the rate of I part of oil to 12 or 15 parts of water.

FUNGICIDES:

Bordeaux mixture; 5 lbs. copper sulphate and 5 lbs. lime in 50 gal. water. Ammoniacal copper carbonate; 6 oz. copper carbonate and 3 pts. ammonia in 50 gal. of water.

Copper sulphate is used, with lime to colour it. For killing fungi on dormant plants. Lime sulphur mixture also acts as a fungicide.

SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENTS. The following list shows in parallel columns (1) the symptoms which appear upon diseased plants or those with insect pests, (2) the cause and lastly (3) the indicated treatment. SYMPTOM CAUSE Scab Leaf spot Fungus Fungus Leaf curl Canker Leaf curl fungus Freezing or rot fungus Rust Rust fungus Wilt Fungus Twig blight Fungus Mildews Fruit rot Smut Tip burn (leaves) Scald Mildew fungus Anthracnose fungus Smut fungus Too much water followed by hot weather Freezing and thawing or fungus Borers Borers Leaf discolouration of Red spider Gum excretion Sawdust excretion conifers Bark discolouration Leaf curling Wilt Scales Aphids Cut worms TREATMENT Bordeaux or lime-sulphur Bordeaux, also gather and burn diseased leaves Lime-sulphur or Bordeaux Cut out and destroy diseased parts Bordeaux, also cut out cedar Bordeaux apples Lime-sulphur, also cut out and burn diseased parts Sulphur dust, also burn leaves in autumn Bordeaux Bordeaux Watch soil conditions Protect from winter sun and use Bordeaux Protective wash and dig out borers Protective wash Dry sulphur dust Lime-sulphur or kerosene emulsion Nicotine sulphate or soapsuds Paris green in molasses in bran MAINTENANCE SYMPTOM CAUSE TREATMENT Defoliation Bag worms or other caterpillars Arsenate of lead and burn Defoliation Rose slugs winter and nests egg masses Arsenate of lead Defoliation Leaf beetles Thrips Defoliation Leaf discolouration of rho- Lace-wing fly dodendrons Arsenate of lead Nicotine sulphate Soap solution, I bar to 20 gallons.