Culpeper's Complete Herbal and English Physician

Agrimony to yarrow: Nicholas Culpeper's outlaw herbal gave every English family the apothecary's secrets — each plant with its government, its virtues, and the diseases it was trusted to cure.

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The Birch Tree

Description. This groweth a goodly tall straight tree, fraught with many boughs, and slender branches bending downward: the old being coloured with discoloured chapped bark, and the younger being browner by much. The leaves at the first breaking out are crumpled, and afterwards like the beech leaves, but smaller and greener, and dented about the edges. It beareth small short cat-skins, somewhat like those of the hazelnut-tree, which abide on the branches a long time, until growing ripe, they fail on the ground, and their seed with them.

Place. It usually groweth in woods.

Government and virtues. It is a tree of Venus, the juice of the leaves, while they are young, or the distilled water of them, or the water that comes from the tree being bored with an auger, and distilled afterwards; any of these being drank for some days together, is available to break the stone in the kidneys and bladder, and is good also to wash sore mouths.

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