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Schæff (T clypeol rius Bull buckler)

t. 18, 19 15742 clypeolárius Bull. buckler insipid 2 au. oc. Wsh beech woods Sowerby, t. 14 ẞ felinus Pers. ymeleagris Sowerb. variegated spotted insipid 2 au. oc. Wsh hot-houses insipid 2 au. oc. Wsh pine woods Sowerby, t. 171 15743 cristátus Bolton crested fœtid 1½ au.no. Wsh grassy places Greville crypt. 3. 176 15744 illinítus Fries 15731 besmeared mucilaginous 3 jul.oct. Wsh meadows Fl. dan. t. 600 15732 15733 15736 15736 15734 15735 History, Use, Propagation, Culture, 15737 2365. Agaricus. This, the most extensive genus in the vegetable kingdom, derives its name from Agaria, a kingdom of Sarmatia. The species are determined upon various principles. Some writers have mixed together species of the most different kinds, as Gleditsch; and a few writers only have really taken pains to ascertain the species. If it is divided into many genera it would be necessary to break up Boletus also, which would scarcely be judicious. An accurate and simple mode of division is, however, of the utmost moment, and several methods have been proposed, the greater part of which are artificial, and therefore objectionable; such, for example, as that of Villars, from the magnitude of the species; of Linnæus, from the color of the pileus; of Haller, from the color of the lamellæ or gills; of Withering, from the nature of the stipes and the color of the lamellæ taken together; or of Otto, from the position of the lamellæ. The divisions of Fries, which are all named as subgenera, depend upon the characters of the veil, the lamellæ, the sporidia, and the pileus. Our notes will follow these in their order of succession, §1. Amanita. This name was applied by Galen to some eatable fungus, and has been restored in modern days by Persoon. Most of the species are poisonous. They do not perish quickly, and are found for the most part on damp earth in shady woods, never upon wood or the dung of animals. They are in perfection about the end of summer.

A. vaginatus is eaten by the Muscovites; but in the Jena Literary Gazette of 1819, it is declared to be poisonous. A. ovoideus is said to be delicious.

A. muscarius, or reddish mushroon, has a large pileus, varying much in color, white, red, or crimson, convex, sprinkled with downy warts, which are raised, compact, and angular, or thin, flat, and ragged, turning up with age, from two to seven inches over; flesh white, reddish in decay: gills fixed, white, yellowish with age, mostly uniform, but a shorter one sometimes intervening; the shorter gills varying much in length, but rarely less than one-third the length of the long ones: the stem solid and cylindrical, but the internal substance shrivelling with age leaves irregular hollows; scaly, bulbous at the base, from three to five inches high, and from three quarters to one and a half inch in diameter; ring broad, permanent, and turned down upon the stem. This plant rises out of the ground inclosed within its brown studded wrapper. It is found in pastures. The juice rubbed on the walls and bed-posts destroys bugs; and in the North of Europe, the inhabitants infuse it in ORD. IX. TRIBE I.

FUNGI HYMENOMYCETES.

Class I. HYMENINI. - Div. I. Pileati. * Volva loose edge of the cap smooth. UNWHOLESOME. 15731 Cap somewhat scaly: edge smooth, Stipes solid nearly equal, Volva loosely sheathed 15732 Cap somewhat scaly: edge smooth, Stipes hollow at top, Volva connate bulbous 15733 Cap naked: edge smooth, Stipes somewhat fistular equal, Volva booted ** Volva loose edge of the cap striated. EATABLE. 15734 Cap furrowed at edge, Gills white, Stipes fistular tapering nearly naked, Volva sheathing 15735 Whole plant white, Cap plane or slightly umbonate: the centre often pale ochraceous; margin striatopectinate, Lamella somewhat distant, Stipes solid naked bulbous *** Volva obliterated: edge of the cap striated. POISONOUS. 15736 Margin of the cap striated orange-red shining warty rarely naked, Volva vanishing scaly, Stipes bulbous. 15737 Cap equally warted: edge striated, Stipes nearly solid equal, Volva booted adnate **** Volva obliterated: edge of the cap smooth. UNWHOLESOME. 15738 Warts of cap mealy unequal: edge smooth, Flesh pink, Stipes solid somewhat scaly and bulbous 15739 Cap somewhat umbonate rough with acute warts: edge smooth, Stipes solid somew. taper. squarrulose * Veil finally separate, Gills distant. EATABLE. 15740 Large, Cap scaly, Lamella distant white, Stipes very long bulbous, Collar free 15741 Skin of cap contiguous, Lamella remote, Stipes equal, Collar free ** Veil fixed, Skin of the cap peeling off, Gills separate. 15742 Inodorous, Cap with the epidermis broken into ferruginous scales, Lamella white numerous, Stipes subsquamose, Collar mostly fugacious 15743 Highly odor. Surface of cap white with reddish scales, Lamella distinct, Stipes smooth, Collar fugacious *** Veil fixed, Gills separate, Skin of the cap adhering. 15744 Cap glutinous striated at edge, Lamella loose, Stipes viscid on account of the veil 15738 15740 15741 15744 15739 15743 15742 and Miscellaneous Particulars. milk, and set it in their windows in order to poison the flies who taste it. This is moucho-more of the Russians, Kamtchadales, and Koriars, who use it for intoxication. They sometimes eat it dry, and sometimes immerse it in a liquor made with the epilobium; and when they drink this liquor, they are seized with convulsions in all their limbs, followed with that kind of raving which attends a burning fever. They personify this mushroom; and if they are urged by its effects to suicide, or any dreadful crime, they pretend to obey its commands. To fit themselves for premeditated assassination, they recur to the use of the moucho-more. A powder of the root, or of that part of the stem which is covered by the earth, is recommended in epileptic cases, and externally applied for dissipating hard globular swellings, and for healing ulcers. The dose is from half a scruple to one, taken thrice a day in water; but a dram administered once a day in vinegar has been thought more efficacious. Murray, App. Med. vol. v. p. 560. Dr. Withering enumerates ten varieties of this species. §2. Lepiota. Terrestrial, solitary, persistent, autumnal fungi, none of which are noxious. Named from λεπiς, a thin membranous layer or cuticle. The A. procerus, or tall mushroom, is not uncommon on hedge banks and dry pastures, and is sometimes exposed to sale in Covent Garden market. It may be distinguished from the genuine sort by the sponginess of its flesh; and from others by its fine and large horizontal ring. The gills are white, uniform, and fixed to a collar; the pileus is a broad cone, bossed white-brown, and scaly; the stem is scaly, and the ring loose. This plant, when preserved in pickle, is very apt to run into the vinous fermentation. A. xerampelinus is the most splendid of all the agarics. Its gills are fixed, bright golden-yellow, and nearly orange under the edge of the pileus, regularly disposed four in a set; fleshy, brittle, and serrated at the edge with a paler cottony matter: the pileus is a fine lake-red, changing with age to a rich orange and buff, and every intermediate shade of these colors, which render it very beautiful; convex, center bossed, edge turned down, three to four inches in diameter, clothy to the touch; flesh pale-buff: stem solid, nearly cylindrical, but gradually tapering upwards, rich buff, shaded with fine rose-red, three to five inches high, half inch in diameter; flesh pale, buffy, spongy, and elastic. This is common in Italy, and brought to the markets for sale. The ancient Romans esteemed it one of the greatest luxuries for the table. It was made the vehicle for poison to Claudius Cæsar by his wife Agrippina, and has therefore been celebrated by Juvenal and Martial. noxious shining shining viscid 15745 granulósus Pers.

A. croceus Sowerb.

CRYPTOGAMIA.

CLASS XXIV. granular muricated 2 jl. dec. Y heaths Greville crypt. fi. 2. 104 §3. ARMILLA RIA. Fries. 15746 múcidus Schrad. mucid glutinous 2 jl. dec. W old trees Fl. dan. t. 773. nitidus 15747 mélleus Bolton honey-like esculent 4 au. oc.

DI. Y Alaricinus Bolton Larch esculent 4 au. oc.

Dl. Y trun. of trees Sowerby, t. 101. stipitis trun, of trees Bolton, t. 19 elásticus Bolton elastic esculent 4 au. oc.

Dl. Y trun. of trees Bolton, t. 15 §4. LIMA CIUM. Fries. 15748 chrýsodon Batsch yellow-toothed noxious 15749 carnósus Sowerb. fleshy sep.oc. Pa.Y beech woods Batsch cent. 2. f. 212 3 sep.oc. Pa. Pk among grass Sowerby, t. 246 15750 ebúrneus Bull. ivory B nítens With. 15751 oliváceo-álbus Fries olive-white shining 4 au.no. W woods Sowerby, t. 71. nitens 4 au.no. W woods Sowerby, t. 121. cossus 4 jul.oct. Ol pine woods