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Sowerb (T xonarius hot vidus Fries)

t. 203. xonarius hot 15792 úvidus Fries moist very acrid brittle 2 au. no. Ciner. groves Bolton, t. 60 1 au. oc.

Li. Pk dampgroves 15793 viétus Gleditsch variable very acrid 2 au. no.

Livid woods 15794 hýsgynus Fries 15795 blénnius Fries firm variable 2 au. oc.

Pk grassy places verdigrease very acrid 1 jul. oc.

Gsh beech woods 15796 pállidus Pers. pallid gregarious I au. oc.

Pa. Y beech woods 15797 deliciósus L. delicious eatable 1 jul. no.

Or pine woods Sowerby, t. 202 15798 aurantíacus Pers. orange acrid 3 au. oc.

Or woods Batarra, t. 16. f. 15799 mitíssimus Fries mild . sweet 3 au. no. Or woods 15800 quiétus Fries serous sweet 3 aut.

Pk oak woods Fl.dan. t. 1069. rubescens A. serósus Wither. 15801 subdúlcis Pers. sweetish nauseous 3 sum. Brsh woods Sower. t. 204. lactiflorus 15802 thejogálus Bull. yellow-milked poisonous 2 sep. oc. Fulv. shady woods Bulliard, t. 567. f. A. 15803 Tithymalínus Scop. testaceous very milky 3 sep. oc. Pa. Y shady woods Bats.cont.f.60. ichoratus 15804 rúfus Scopoli rufous scentless 2 jul. oc. Br pine woods A. rubéscens With. 15805 hélvus Fries intermediate acrid 2 jul. no. R. Oc. damp places 15806 glycyósmus Fries sweet-tasted esculent 3 jul. oc. Lurid thickets 15807 plúmbeus Bull. lead-colored insipid 4 au.sep. Lead damp places Sowerby, t. 245. Listeri 15808 pyrogálus Bull. red-milked very acrid 1½ au. oc. Livid groves Bulliard, t. 529. f. 1 15809 flexuósus Pers. flexuose compact 1 jul. oc. Br 15810 piperátus Scop. 15811 velléreus Fries 15812 dúlcis Hudson 15813 depréssus Wither. depressed §8. CLITO CYBE. Fries 15814 gigantéus Leysser. gigantic peppery eatable 2 sep. oc. W grassy places Bul.t 559. f. 1. A. azonites woods Bolton, t. 21 Lister's gregarious 2 au. no. W thickets Sowerby, t. 104. Listeri sweet gregarious variable 2 au. no. W thickets 2 au. oc. Pk grassy places very broad 6 sept. Wsh thickets Sowerby, t. 244 15779 15784 15790 15791 15781 15785 15787 15797 History, Use, Propagation, Culture, §6. Russula. So named from the russet color of the original species. The species are all large, or of middle size, rigid, persistent, solitary, terrestrial, chiefly appearing in the autumn. $7. Galarhœus. From γaλa, milk, and ῥεω, to flow; many of the species being lactescent; some are juiceless. These are fungi of the summer and autumn, possessing an aromatic smell and acrid flavor. They all grow upon the ground. A. torminosus, in times of scarcity, is eaten by the Russians, mixed with salt, oil, and vinegar. Buxb. A. controversus is stated by Persoon to be eatable; but Fries thinks it must be in mistake. A. deliciosus has gills decurrent, flame-colored, narrow, regularly branched; pileus rich, red, brown; flesh nearly flat, but somewhat hollowed at the centre, and the edge turned in from one and a half to three inches over; orange-color; stem orange, solid, tapering downwards, from one to two inches high, and a quarter to three-eighths high: hollow with age. The juice is rich yellow, which soon turns green. It is found in the fir plantations of Scotland, and in those of the barren hills at Barr, in Staffordshire. Dr. Smith also found it at Hillingdon, Middlesex, under some fir trees; it also grows near Guildford. It is much esteemed in Italy, and exposed in the markets, and supposed to have been the A. cæsareus mentioned by some authors. ORD. IX. TRIBE I.

FUNGI HYMENOMYCETES, 15779 Cap compact somew. depressed in centre with marg. at length sulcate, Lamellæ broad subeq. very white ** Gills nearly equal, Sporidia white. 15780 Cap deformed opaque pallid: margin finally striated, Lamellæ distinct whitish, Stipes finally cinereous *** Gills forked, and many of them halved. 15781 Very hot, Cap very red: margin smooth, Lamellæ forked white 15782 Acrid stinking, Cap yellow: margin warted furrowed, Lamellæ connected and hollow, Stipes white 15783 Scentless, Cap greenish: margin smooth, Lamellæ forked white [thick. Stipes short solid very robust 15784 Large, Pileus depres. ash color. olive at length dark and as if burnt: marg. smth. Lam. uneq. dist. white ẞ Cap brownish-yellow, Lamellæ yellowish-white, Stipes solid white * Edge of the cap rolled inwards, downy. HOT. POISONOUS. 15785 White, Pileus villous blood-red variegated downy at edge, Stipes solid 15786 Cap yellow without zones: margin bearded, Milk yellowish, Stipes hollow spotted 15787 Cap glabr. pale with a yellowish brownish or greyish tinge: marg. toment. Stipes most. holl. in part smth. 15788 Cap smooth zoned olive-brown: margin villous, Stipes solid 15789 Cap downy dull flesh-colored, Lamellæ yellowish, Stipes rather hollow ** Cap smooth, viscid, with a naked edge. HOT. EATABLE. 15790 Cap viscid zoned lurid, Lamellæ white, Milk reddish, Stipes hollow 15791 Cap viscid not zoned cinereous-sooty, Lamellæ yellow, Milk turning red, Stipes solid 15792 Cap viscid not zoned fleshy livid or brownish, Lamellæ white, Milk whitish-lilac, Stipes hollow 15793 Cap thin smooth somew. viscid not zoned livid pale, Lamellæ and milk whit. Stipes somew. hollow fragile 15794 Cap viscid not zoned smooth flesh-colored, Lamellæ and milk white, Stipes hollow spotted 15795 Cap viscid somewhat dripping not zoned greenish, Lamellæ and milk white 15796 Cap viscid smooth not zoned and stipes (which is short) hollow and firm pallid, Lamellæ and milk white 15797 Cap glutinous obscurely zoned dingy-orange or reddish very pale when dried, Lamellæ and juice orange, Stipes becoming hollow glabrous 15798 Cap somew. viscid not zoned orange-colored, Lamellæ compact yellowish, Milk white, Stipes long smooth *** Cap dry, naked at edge, Gills close, when young white, afterwards yellow. EATABLE but ACRID. 15799 Sweet, Cap papillose smooth dry orange-colored, Lamellæ paler, Milk white, Stipes long hollow Sweet, Cap papillose smooth dry orange-colored, Lamellæ paler, Milk white, Stipes long hollow 15800 Sweet, Cap obtuse smooth dry opaque, Lamellæ testaceous rufous, Stipes solid firm brownish 15801 Cap glabrous polished reddish, Lamellæ flesh-colored at length ferruginous, Juice white not changing color, Stipes firm smooth becoming hollow 15802 Somewhat acid, Cap dry smooth somewhat zoned rufous brown, Milk yellow, Stipes solid 15803 Acrid, Cap dry smooth obsoletely zoned pale-yellow, 15804 Very acrid, Cap dry umbonate polished reddish-brown, Lamellæ rufous, Milk white, Stipes solid yellow, Lamellæ pale flesh-color, Stipes solid 15805 Acrid, Cap bluntish scaly dry red-ochre-colored, Lamellæ ochraceous, Stipes nearly solid 15806 Cap thin scaly dry opaque somewhat lurid 15807 Cap large dry zoneless dark fuscous or deep dingy-grey, Lamellæ yellowish rather numerous, Juice white **** Cap dry, naked at edge, Gills not altering, Substance compact, tough. VERY ACRID. 15808 Cap dry smooth somewhat zoned livid, Lamellæ distant yellow, Stipes hollow cinereous 15809 Cap repand dry smooth, Lamellæ distant pallid, Stipes short pallid [white very acrid 15810 Cap depress. becom. infundibulif. glab. whit. Lamel. very narrow crowded, Stipes solid white thick, Juice 15811 White, Cap umbilicate downy rigid, Lamellæ narrow distant, Milk white, Stipes solid thick 15812 All white sweet, Cap convex, Stipes long 15813 Seems to be a green variety of A. hysgynus, with a solid stipes A. Gills equally narrowed backward, acute. 1. Cap dry, smooth, Gills close, decurrent or acutely adnate. * Cap more or less fleshy; when young convex-deflexed, when oider depressed, Gills truly decurrent. 15814 Very large whitish or very pale brown, Cap becoming infundibuliform, Lamellæ numerous decurrent becoming reddish, Stipes solid very thick 15798 15803 15807 15811 ٢٦٢٣ 15801 15808 15810 and Miscellaneous Particulars. 15814 Dr. Withering enumerates three varieties, one of which affords, from every part of it when wounded, a copious discharge of yellow acrid juice. They are gathered in woods and dry pastures in September and October.

Lösel asserts in his Flora Prussica, p. 82., that "the juice of A. piperatus, mixed with the syrup of mallows, is a certain cure for calculus, and a powerful diuretic. Almost all the venemous fungi, and especially those a certain cure for calculus, and a powerful diuretic." Almost all the venemous fungi, and especially those of the present group, are said to be the favorite food of the goat, during the rutting season. It is sometimes monstrous and irregular. Withering mentions their attaining the diameter of ten inches. The stipes is not unfrequently thicker than it is long. It has been used in medicine, and thought useful in dissolving calculi; a property we may safely venture to deny it. $8. Clitocybe. From κλiτoς, inclined, and zuβη, a head. Most of the species are harmless, and of the larger size. A. nebularis is eatable, so also is A. fusipes. A. giganteus is one of the species which form those circles . A. nebularis is eatable, so also is A. fusipes. A. giganteus is one of the species which form those circles known by the name of Fairy-rings, the origin of which is still as obscure as ever. A. orcades has loose gills, with the part attached to the pileus jutting up very close to the stem, so as to give CRYPTOGAMIA.

CLASS XXIV. 15815 gil'vus Pers. cinnamon-col. gigantic 3 au, no. Dl.Y among moss. Grev. crypt. 1. 41 A. pileolarius Sowerb. 15816 fláccidus Sowerb. flaccid pretty 3 sep. oc. W woods Bolton, t. 185 15817 gíbbus Pers. 15818 turfósus Sowerb. gibbous turfy fragrant scentless 2 oct. Br plains Bulliard, t. 573. 1. 2 1 nov.

Br turf 15819 diatrétus Fries perforated tough 2 sep.no. Pk woods 15820 nebuláris Batsch A. cáseus With. 15821 túrgidus Grev. clouded gregarious 3 sep. oc. Ciner. heaths turgid solitary 2 aut.

Sooty dry woods 15822 víridis Wither. green slender 2 aug.

G woods 15823 odórus Bull. anise-scented eatable 3 au. no. Ciner. woods 15824 cándicans Pers. hoary shaggy 15825 dealbátus Fries whitened gregarious 125-4 1 au. no. W dead leaves Sowerby, t. 210 Bolton, t. 40. mollis Grev. crypt. t. 9 Bolton, t. 12. cæruleus Grev. crypt. 1. 28 Bolton, t. 17 au. no. Wsh meadows Sowerby, t. 123. γ A. agréstis Wither. A variety. 15826 grammopódius Dec. stinking 15827 míllus Sowerb. Dog's-collar 15828 inornátus Sowerb. neat 15829 fimbriátus Bolton fringed 15830 lignátilis Fries wood 15831 adhæsívus Wither, sticking 15832 ædemátopus Schaff. fusiform ẞ coralloides Dicks. coralloid shaggy 3 oct.

W grassy grov.

Sower. t. 281. graveolens depressed pretty 3 jan.

Brsh woods Sowerby, t. 184 2 aut.

Liv. G upon earth Sowerby, t. 342 gregarious 1 au.sep. Wsh rotten wood Bolton, t. 61 irregular 2 au.dec. Wsh rotten wood irregular 3 sept.

W.Br plantations tufted 2 sp. aut. Ruf. woods Schæff. t. 259 tufted 2 sp. aut. Ruf. hollow tees Battarra, t. IX. f. F 15833 obésus Wither. squat tufted 1½ aug.

W.Br pastures 15834 opácus Wither. opaque cracking 2 ap.sep. W 15835 pistilláris Wither. pistillary crooked aug.

Wsh 15836 camarophýllus Fries arched brittle 15837 pratensis Pers. meadow eatable 1½ au. no. Ysh A. fúlvus Wither.

B clavæfórmis With. clavate eatable 1½ au. no. W way sides yericeus With. heathy eatable 1 sep.no. W heaths 15838 virgíneus Wulfen virgin-white eatable 2 sep.no. W heaths 15839 psittácinus Schæff. parrot-colored pretty 2 oc. no. Gsh.Y meadows 15840 ceráceus Sowerb. waxen gregarious 2½ au. no. Y pastures 4 au. oc. Sooty among grass Sowerby, t. 142 among grass damp woods Sowerby, t. 172. elixus way sides Grev. crypt. 2. 91 Schæff. t. 307 Bull. t. 467. ericetosus Grev. crypt. 3. 166 Grev. crypt. 2. 74 Sowerby, t. 20 15841 cónicus Schaff. conical watery 4 my. oc. Ysh meadows Sow. t.381. aurantiacus 15842 puníceus Fries 15843 coccineus Pers. crimson scarlet beautiful 3 au. oc. Or. R beautiful 2 au. oc. Sc among grass Bull. t. 202. coccineus meadows Sowerby, t. 381 15844 baccátus Scop. varnished handsome 2 jn.nov. Ros. R on earth Sower. t. 208. farinaceus B amethýstinus Huds. amethystine handsome 2 jn.nov. Viol. shady places Sowerby, t. 187 15845 ovínus Bull. sheep mild 2 au. oc. Brsh meadows Bulliard, t. 580 15846 sulphúreus Bull. sulphureous fœtid 4 sep. oc. Test. trees&woods Sowerby, t. 44 15847 tórtilis Bolton twisted distorted aut.

Br gard. mould Bolton, t. 41 15848 ovális With. oval satiny 2 sep. oc. R.Br fir woods 15815 15823 15825 15826 15832 15818 15821 15828 History, Use, Propagation, Culture, 15829 15834 them almost the appearance of being fixed, watery, brownish-white, two or four in a set, the small ones very minute, and the large ones sometimes splitting at the outer end; not numerous, rather broad for the size of the plant, frequently connected to the pileus by ligaments; pileus pale, buffy-brown, convex, irregular, with a sudden depression of the border at some distance from the centre, often giving the appearance of a large rounded boss in the middle central color generally deeper; from one to one and three-quarters inch over and the edge turning up with age: stem solid, white, changing to watery-brown, cylindrical, but thicker and flattened just under the pileus, very tough, mostly crooked, twisted when dry, rarely central, one and half inch high, and thick as a crow-quill. This is the twentyseventh fungus of Ray's Synopsis, ed. 3. p. 6.; A. pratensis of Hudson, and coriaceus of Lightfoot. There are two varieties; one with cream-colored gills, buff pileus, and mealy stem and another with yellow-brown, more fleshy, and more regularly convex pileus, found in groves. Mr. Woodward says, that this species has a much higher flavor than the common mushroom, but he suggests, ORD. IX. TRIBE I.

FUNGI HYMENOMYCETES. 15815 Large, Cap convex umbonate at length infundibuliform smooth firm yellowish-white, Lamellæ numerous decurrent whitish, Stipes straight solid subradicating 15816 Cap thin funnel-shaped obt. smooth flaccid, Lamellæ decurr. whit. Stipes solid thickened at base villous 15817 Cap umbonate smooth becoming funnel-shaped, Lamel. decurr. white, Stipes solid elastic taper, upwards 15818 Cap depressed broad zoned brown irregular, Gills decurrent pallid, Stipes solid 15819 Cap flatt. somew. umbilic. smth. a lit. flesh-color: when dry whit. Lam. decurr. and solid eq. Stipes white ** Cap closely fleshy, convex, opening out flat, Gills truly decurrent, Stalk strong. EATABLE. 15820 Cap compact smooth cinereous, Lamellæ slightly decurrent compact whitish, Stipes solid tapering upw. 15821 Cap plano-convex very smooth greyish-brown, Lamellæ narrow numerous pale, Stipes hollow stout *** Cap truly but not firmly fleshy, flattish or slightly depressed, Gills adnate, not properly decurrent, Stalk slender. 15822 Cap smooth green, Lamellæ adnate narrow, and stipes (which is solid and smooth) white 15825 Fragrant smooth dull bluish-green umbonate convex becoming plane, Lamellæ numer. adnato-decurrent 15824 Shining-white, Cap smooth convex then umbonate, Lamel. adnate then decurr. Stipes fistulous smooth 15825 Scentless white, Pileus unequal thin smooth, Lamellæ adnate numerous, Stipes solid equal glabrous 15826 Cap obsoletely umbonate smooth, Lamellæ adnate close white, Stipes solid furrowed smooth 15827 Cap somew. umbon. smooth brown. Lamel, affixed with hind end recurv. Stipes solid equal strigose 15828 Cap obtuse smooth somewhat repand greenish-livid, Lamellæ adnate, Stipes solid smooth 15829 Dirty-white, Cap becom. funnel-form. smth.: marg. sinuat. and lob. Lam, adnate very tender, Stipes solid **** Tufted, variable, some growing on wood, some on earth. [short 15830 Cap irregular rather out of centre vill. whit. Lamel. adn. compact white, Stipes solid flexu. vill. at base 15831 Cap flat discoid viscid, Lamellæ decurrent and solid tapering, Stipes white 15832 Cap conical powdery rufous, Lamellæ decurrent and solid ventricose powdery, Stipes rufous 15833 Cap whit.-brown, Stipes solid obconic. scarcely broader at top than bottom, Lamel. decurr. branch. white 15834 Cap dead white nearly flat, Lamellæ white numerous, Stipes white with brown pith 15835 Whitish, Cap convex, Lamellæ decurrent, Stipes solid subconical 2. Cap somewhat compact dry, Gills very distant, arcuate, decurrent. 15836 Cap somewhat compact streaked sooty, Lamellæ decurrent white-glaucous, Stipes long stout fibrous 15837 Firm, Cap compact convex becoming partially expanded smooth brownish-buff with a pink tinge, Lamellæ decurrent thick, Stipes short solid attenuated below ẞ All white Cap thinner with a striated margin 15838 Viscid, Cap campanul. expand. when humid striated, Lamel. adnate somew. distant, Stipes equal smooth 3. Cap thin, viscid, wet, Gills variable, Stalk hollow. TERRESTRIAL. 15839 Green chang. to yell. Pileus campanulate spreading, Lamellæ adnate rather distant, Stipes equal smooth 15840 Cap nearly plane slimy substriate yellow, Lamellæ adnate decurrent distant, Stipes rather unequal gradually attenuated towards the base 15841 Cap conical glutin. mostly yell. or crim. Lamel. crowd. ventric. attenuat. and free, Stipes substriate splitt. 15842 Cap campanul. obt. lob. orange-red, Lamel. affixed ascend. yellow, Stipes thick ventricose white at base 15843 Cap conv. expand. visc. becom. depres. Lam. adn. versicolor connect. by decurr. tooth, Stipes compr. scarlet B. Gills unequal at the back; that is, toothed; or arcuate, decurrent, sinuate, emarginate, &c. 4. Cap dry, minutely scaly, Gills generally arcuate, decurrent, rarely adnate. FIRM. 15844 Gregarious, Cap scarcely fleshy tough farinaceous with minute scales pale or deep flesh-color: disk depressed in age, Lamellæ distant, Stipes long elastic Cap convex becoming depressed somewhat squamulose purple, Lamellæ distant thick violet-purple, Stipes purple, hollow when old 15845 Cap fleshy plano-convex somew. scaly brown. Lamel. arcuate affix. connect. whit. Stipes solid short firm 15846 Cap fleshy somewhat umbonate slightly silky testaceous, Lamellæ arcuate adnate somewhat distant and solid equal, Stem sulphur-colored 15847 Lamellæ brown changing to purplish, Cap red-brown convex turning up with age, Stipes brownish 15848 Lamellæ brownish-white, Cap cinnamon bossed, Stipes brownish-white cylindrical 15836 15838 15840 15841 15843 15842 15846 15844 15837 15847 and Miscellaneous Particulars. that from its leathery nature it is indigestible, except in the form of powder, in which it is admirable. Dr. Withering, however, observes, that he has seen the pileus and gills of this agaric very brittle and tender when fully saturated with moisture in rainy seasons, and in that state it is sufficiently digestive. Professor Martyn informs us that he has eaten these mushrooms for forty years without injury, and without perceiving that toughness, like leather, of which others have complained, except in very dry weather, or when they are in too advanced a state. They should be gathered young, and early in a morning, and properly dressed. They are found in hedge banks, upland pastures, and sheep commons, particularly in those patches called Fairy rings. Those that are found in woods and hedges are of inferior flavor to such as are gathered in dry pastures, which have a very pleasant smell and luscious flavor, either when stewed alone or in ragouts, &c. This sort makes excellent ketchup, and is much valued in the form of powder. It is in season during September and October, but may be dried so as to be in use for the table all the winter. Mr. Lightfoot supposes that this species is the 3 S CRYPTOGAMIA.

CLASS XXIV. 15849 pelicánthinus Fries toothltted beautiful 3 au.sep. Pu roots of trees Bolt.t.4.f.1. denticulatus 15850 melaleúcus Pers. black & white elegant 3 au.no. Sooty damp places 15851 compréssus With. compressed 15852 murinaceus Bull. nitric-acid-scent. fragile pellucid 3 june Br among grass Sowerby, t. 60 2 au. oc. Ciner. pastures Sowerby, t. 106 15853 platyphýllus Pers. broad-headed large 4 jul. oc. Wsh trun. of trees Bul. t.594.grammoceph. 15854 radicátus Relh. rooting gigantic jn.sep. W 15855 grácilis With. slender more slender 1½ jn.sep. W 15856 velútipes Fl. Lond. velvet-footed cæspitose 2 oc. mr. Fulv. trun. of trees Grev. crypt. 4. 217 trun. of trees Sowerby, t. 384. f. 3 15857 fúsipes Bull. thick-footed eatable 2 jul. no. W woods