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Sphæria (Sowerby Y live stems of grass)

Sowerby Y live stems of grass Grev. crypt. 204 0 su.aut. Blsh elm leaves Grev. crypt. 200 punctiform 0 su.aut. Bl live Geran. Roberti- Grev. crypt. 146 Cryptosphæria nitida Grev. an. lvs. 16469 al'nea Pers. alder punctiform 0 aut. Bl live alder leaves Grev. crypt. 146 Xyloma alneum Pers. 16470 rúbra Fr. red patches 0 aut.

R leaves Grev. crypt. 120 16471 fúlva Fr. tawny patches 0 aut. Br leaves 16472 betulína Fries Birch-leaf punctiform) su.aut. Blsh birch leaves Grev. crypt. 200 2432. RHYTIS'MA. Fries. RHYTISMA.

Sp. 1-22. 16473 corrugátum Fr. wrinkled gregarious 0 all sea. crusts of lichens E.b.1464. L.graniformis 2433. PHACI DIUM. Fries. PHACIDIUM.

Sp. 2-20. 16474 coronátum Grev. crowned black spot 0 16475 dentátum Schm. toothed all sea. Bl dead oak leaves Grev. crypt. fl. t. 52 white spot 0 all sea. Bl oak leaves 2434. HYSTERIUM. Tode. HYSTERIUM.

Sp. 12-52. 16476 lineáre Fries 16477 maculáre Fries linear pale spot lines 0 all sea. Bl dead wood Grev. crypt. 167 blotches 0 aut.

BI dead leaves Grev. crypt. 129 16448 16450 16451 16457 16459 16458 16460 16461 16463 16465 History, Use, Propagation, Culture, cult of determination. Most of them are highly curious objects when minutely examined, and some even beautiful. Sphæria militaris is a fine species, about an inch in height, the head being ovate, of a beautiful scarlet, granulated like orange-peel. 2426. Lophium. So named from λoφoς, a little elevation. Differs from Sphæria in being completely evolved, dehiscent , compressed, without a veil, and having a nucleus crumbling to powder. The plants are very similar to the valves of a bivalved shell. 2427. Sphæronæma. From σφaiρa, a sphere, and vaiμa, gelatine, in allusion to the round mucous bag in which the sporules are enclosed. The species are minute innate plants, generally growing on wood, very perthe sporules are enclosed . The species are minute innate plants, generally growing on wood, very permanent, and often cohering by their base. 2428. Septaria. Growing upon dead leaves, in the form of clouds or spots. Named upon account of the septa of the sporidia. 2429. Cytispora. From κuτiς, a little chest, and στωρa, a sporule. The species are very common, growing upon plants, immersed, soft, bearing fruit during damp weather, and even by watering only, within doors. The most essential character consists not in the cirrhi, common to many fungi, but in the deformed cellular perithecia, by which it may be easily known in any state. ORD. IX. TRIBE II.

FUNGI GASTEROMYCETES. 16447 Perithecia somew. ov. rather wart. black cover. with strigose hairs of same col. Orifice rather lengthened ẞ Perithecia numerous seated on a little strigose villous crustaceous stalk *** Spherules without an evident orifice. 16448 Gregarious obovate deep-black smooth tuberculated 16449 Spher. minute solitary or somew. cluster. black ovate setoso-rugose mouthless, Spor. ovate in cylindr. tubes 16450 Minute black scattered globose very rugose and tuberculated parasitic on the pileus of Polyporus abietinus 16451 Scatter. Perith. ellipt. rounded depress. plaited lengthwise opaque black, Orifice hidden somew. compress. 16452 Spher. black min. very numer. crowded roundish somew. tuberculated and often with a transverse furrow 16453 Emerging prominent irregular brownish-black rufous brown internally, Orifices concealed 16454 Tufted innate on the surface, Perithecia subglobose solid without orifice at first villous afterwards naked 16455 Naked more or less crowd. ovate-glob. black shining, Perith. very small smooth at first without an orifice 16456 Minute black scattered globose very warty, Parasitic on the cap of Polyporus abietinus 16457 Perithecia subglobose ovate tuberculate black covered with scattered hairs of the same color 16458 Stipit. compress. black transverse. striat. dilat. gradual. from stipes into an elongat. wedge-shap. peritheci. 16459 Somewhat stalked dilated upwards striated across shining Division II. Cytisporei. 16460 Perithecia conico-subulate acute yellowish somewhat pellucid, Globule very pale 16461 Spherules aggregated, Sporidia 3 or 4 times divided, Cirrhi often becoming effused [with a cottony margin 16462 Cells impressed on the receptacle, Disk emerging blackish, Cirrhi yellow 16463 Sporulifer. tendr. white simp. Spher. waved: when divid. horizontal. manifest under epider. Orifice black. 16464 One or many-celled convex brownish-black somewhat umbonate in the centre 16465 Generally many-celled roundish flat brownish-testaceous, Orifices obsolete Division III. Phacidiacei. 16466 Long, surrounding the culms whitish becoming dark-yellow at length rendered granular by the orifices 16467 Epiphyll. round. conflu. convex cinereous-black: internally black with white cells, Orifices like granulat. 16468 Epiphyllous subgregarious hemispherical smooth shining very black white within 16469 On both sides of the leaf regularly scattered roundish black shining collapsed rugose and plaited 16470 Plane orange-red, Sporules unequal globose 16471 Plane pale fulvous 16472 Epiphyllous somewhat angular and irregular in form subconfluent tuberculose black shining black within : the cellules white 16473 Minute innate on the surface rugose plaited opening with many flexuose cracks 16474 Orbicul. subhemispher. depressed black dehiscent in numer. acute segm. Disk pale greenish or yellowish 16475 Four-sided small black or whitish spots on the leaf splitting in 4-5 acute segments, Disk dingy 16476 Subimmersed crowded parallel linear black, Lips of the orifice tumid smooth, Disk linear 16477 Collected on pale defined spots roundish elliptical black: the margin depressed and paler 16466 16469 16473 16474 16467 16470 16476 and Miscellaneous Particulars. 16477 2430. Phoma. Said by its author to be named in allusion to the pustular appearance of the plants, which are of a brownish color, and grow within the substance of leaves. 2431. Dothidea. A genus which has been named from δoθiov, a tubercle, and εiδoς, similar, and appears to be very distinct. The species are numerous, growing upon plants; many of them are innate and dark, a few colored. 2432. Rhytisma. From ῥuτiς, a wrinkle. R. corrugatum, the Lichen graniformis of English botany, is a gregarious, subcorneous, shining flattish plant, referred to Lichens by Acharius, but considered by Fries and Ehrenberg to belong to Fungi. It is common upon the crusts of Lichens and upon dry wood. 2483. Phacidium. A name with the same meaning as Dothidea ; from φaκiς, and εiδoς. Intermediate between Rhytisma and Hysterium, but differing from both in the manner of dehiscence. The species are somewhat innate, epiphytous, tolerably permanent, blackish, and with a kernel which becomes softish. 2434. Hysterium. From ὑπερησiς, penury, in allusion, perhaps, to the diseased and squalid appearance which trees attacked by this fungus assume. Minute plants, resembling Opegrapha, and like that genus, found occupying the bark of trees; but destitute of a crust. 3U4 CRYPTOGAMIA.

Bramble-stem lines 16478 Rúbi Pers. 16479 foliícolum Fries various dot-like 16480 melaleúcum Fries 16481 pulicáre Pers. blk. & white dots flea-like 16482 Fráxini Pers.

Ash 16483 quercínum Pers.

Oak 16484 angustátum Pers. tapered 16485 Pinástri Pers.

Pinaster 16486 Juníperi Grev.

Juniperu Juniper 16487 gramíneum Pers.

Grass BI 0 aut.

O spring Bl 0 aug. Bl all sea. Bl all sea. Bl all sea. Gr.Br very grega. 0 corneus 0 gregarious 0 minute scattered 0 all sea. Bl spots 0 all sea. Bl all sea. Dl.B gregarious 0 all sea. Bl Division IV. Xylomacei.

Sp. 1. 2435. ACTINOTHY'RIUM. Kunz. ACTINOTHYRIUM. 2436. LEPTOSTRO'MA. Fr. LEPTOSTROMA. 2437. XYLO'MA. Pers. XYLOMA. bramble branches common ivy leaf Vacc. Vitis idæa rugged oak bark dead ash branches dead oak branches dead wood & stumps dead Scotch fir lvs. dead juniper leaves dead grass leaves CLASS XXIV.

Grev.crypt. 24 Grev. crypt. 129 Grev. crypt. 88 Grev. crypt. 167 Grev. crypt. 72 Grev. crypt. fl. t. 60 Grev. crypt. fl. t. 26 Grev. crypt. fl. t. 87 Grev. crypt. 218 Fries obs. t. 1. f. 6 living sycamore leaves living Sal.capræa lvs. Grev. crypt. 118 decaying Sal.capræalvs. Grev. crypt. 118 aspen leaves living Geran.sylv.lvs. dead beech leaves dead holly leaves dead oak leaves Sow. t. 317. Sphæria 16488 gráminis Kunz. grass gregarious 0 spring Bl culms of grasses Sp. 1-9. 16489 scirpínum Fr.

Rush spots 0 su.aut. Bl Scirpus lacustris Sp. 8-14. 16490 acerínum Pers.

Maple broad spots 0 all sea. Bl 16491. salicínum Pers.

Willow solid spots 0 all sea. Bl 16492 salígnum Pers.

Sallow yell. spots 0 all sea. Br 16493 populínum Pers.

Poplar small spots 0 all sea. Brsh 16494 Geránii Grev.

Geranium crowded 0 all sea. Dl. Bl 16495 fagíneum Pers.

Beech very min. 0 all sea. Bl 16496 concávum Grev. concave scatt. spots 0 all sea. Bl 16497 pezizoídeum Pers.

Peziza-like punctiform 0 all sea. Bl So. t. 118. Pez. comitialis 2438. LASIOBO'TRYS. Kunze. LASIOBOTRYS.

Sp. 1-?. 16498 Lonicéræ Kunze Woodbine spots 0 sum.

Bl honeysuckle leaves Grev. crypt. 191 2439. ASTERO'MA. Dec. ASTEROMA.

Sp. 2-?. 16499 Ulmi Grev.

Elm pale spots 0 all sea. Bl 16500 Alchemilla Grev. Lady's Mantle pale spots 0 all sea. Bl living elm leaves living Alchemilla lvs. 2440. ONYGENA. Pers. ONYGENA.

Sp. 1. 16501 equína Pers. horse-hoof minute aut. 2441. TULO'STOMA. Pers. TULOSTOMA. 16502 brumále Pers.

Sp. 1-3.

Class III. TRICHOSPERMI. - Division I. Lycoperdinei. Wsh decaying hoofs, and Willd. fl. berol. f. 20 similar substances winter subsolitary 1 au.oct. W.Br pastures Bulliard, t. 471. f. 2 2442. SCLERODER'MA. Pers.

SCLERODERMA.

Sp. 4-14. 16503 verrucósum Grev. warty handsome 5 aut.

Y.Br plantations Grev. crypt. fl. t. 48 16504 cépa Grev. solid surf. variab.2 aut.

Y.Br plantations Tuber solidum With. 16505 citrínum Pers. 16506 spadíceum Pers.

Lemon-color. tessellated 2 aut. brown tessellated 1 sum.

Pa. Y about oak roots Pa.Br beech trunks 16488 16490 16491 Grev. crypt. fl. t. 66 Bolton, t. 116 Schæffer, t. 188 16499 16496 16497 16498 * 16489 History, Use, Propagation, Culture, 2435. Actinothyrium. So called from axtiv, a ray, and Dugow, to enclose, in allusion to the radiated almost black, and appearing in the early part of the year. 2436. Leptostroma. From λεπτoς, thin or delicate, and 5ξωμa, a layer, in allusion to the disk, which, when the perithecium separates, becomes naked and very thin. 2437. Xyloma. From ξuλov, wood, and λωμa, a margin. The species are innate coated tubercles, of a hard vesicular substance, but which does not produce fructification . One of the most common kinds, X. acerinum, has a ragged border. 2438. Lasiobotrys. From λaσioς, wool, and βoτρuς, a bunch. This plant originates beneath the epidermis of the leaf, during its green and living state. When mature, it is of a very black color, and regular circular leaf, during its green and living state. When mature, it is of a very black color, and regular circular form, from one to two lines in breadth, very slightly convex , the surface uniformly granulated, and the whole generally situated on a paler or colorless portion of the leaf. On the bursting or laceration of the epidermis of the leaf, which takes place in the centre, our plant is found to consist of a multitude of distinct perithecia of a roundish form, closely arranged side by side, destitute of orifice, and the summits of which produce a granulated appearance to the naked eye or a small magnifier. These perithecia are fixed to the leaf by a number of short filaments radiating from their base, and are not to be detached without some ORD. IX. TRIBE II.

FUNGI GASTEROMYCETES. 16478 Ellipt.or obl. atten, each end black somew, shin, obscure. striat. Sum. of sporulifer. cells obtuse. club-shap. 16479 Innate scattered elliptical obtuse rather trimid smooth naked black with a longitudinal depression 16480 Minute black irregularly gregarious oval or roundish convex, Sporuliferous tubes club-shaped 16481 Gregarious black oblong or roundish-elliptical obtuse somewhat striate 16482 Convex tumid oblong-elliptical very black disposed in a subconcentric manner, Sporules large obl. yellow 16483 Bursting through the bark oblong elliptical flexuose somewhat ventricose greyish-brown 16484 Gregarious linear narrow parallel smooth of dull black 16485 Minute oval elliptical very black disposed in a subconcentric manner, Sporules large oblong yellow 16486 Very min. oval shin. somew. plane growing longitudinally on leaf, Sporulifer. tubes clavate acum, at apex 16487 Very minute linear elliptical black mostly on the ribs of the leaf or culm Division IV. Xylomacei. 16488 Scattered or gregarious orbicular to line broad very dark a little ribbed and elevated in the centre 16489 Orbicular opaque bossed in the centre at length entirely separating, Disk whitish 16490 Black spreading in large irregular spots which are either uniform or composed of somewhat distinct dots dehiscence irregular and rugose 16491 Large irregular very thick black white within 16492 Gregarious sometimes crowded roundish slightly convex brown at length blackish 16493 Gregarious rarely scattered over the whole surface flattish irregular smooth dull-brown 16494 Scattered black unequal in size plane: the surface rugose and somewhat papillose in the centre 16495 Minute crowded often in circular groups round black shining plane rugose 16496 Minute roundish regularly scattered black shining smooth: the upper half separating 16497 Clustered orbicular black becoming open, Margin erect somewhat crenate, Disk pale 16498 Perithecia even much crowded black: the radiating fibres simple 16499 Filam. black radiat. subdichotom. at length covered with confluent rugoso-plicate shining black tubercles 16500 Filam. very min. extremely fine branch. at length subdist. black, Tubercles producing a pale spot on leaf Class III. TRICHOSPERMI. - Division I. Lycoperdinei. 16501 Stipes short somewhat fibrous, Peridium scabrous always closed, Sporules ovate 16502 Stipes smoothish, Peridium globose, Orifice flat 16503 Large gregarious subglobose yellowish-brown, Scales small numerous, Stipes subelongated incrassated below lacunose and variously divided at the root 16504 Globose subdepressed very firm smooth or warty sess. or with a very short thick stipes, Root scarcely any 16505 Middle-sized roundish long-rooted pale lemon-color obsoletely scaly, Scales thickish 16506 Gregarious smaller somewhat spotted smooth brown, Root hard fibrous 16478 16480 16502 16503 16506 20180 16486 16501 e 16504 16505 and Miscellaneous Particulars. force. Their surface is smooth black. Within they are replete with a somewhat gelatinous granulose mass, containing subglobose sporidia. The above is a description of the usual appearance of this plant. A variety, however, occurs in the form of a ring or annulus, the centre being unoccupied. Sometimes the perithecia are scattered in irregular groups, a few together, and may even occur solitary. 2439. Asteroma. So named by Decandolle; but we know not with what meaning. Many of the substances referred to this genus are believed to be merely young states of various kinds of Dothidea; some are the black lines by which certain Pyrenomycetes are bounded; others are merely darkened veins of leaves. To this the whole of Actinonema of Persoon, and several of his Capillarias are to be referred. 2440. Onygena. So called from oyuğ, a hoof, and γεivoμai, to be born, in allusion to the singular circumstance of the original and only species being always found on old horse-hoofs in shady woody places. 2441. Tulostoma. From τuλoς, a wart, and στoμa, the mouth, in reference to the nature of the orifice by which the seeds of this plant are dispersed. T. brumale is found on the mossy tops of walls about London in the winter and spring. It may easily be overlooked for some unexpanded Agaric. 2442. Scleroderma. So called from σκληρoς, hard, and δερμa, skin, in in allusion to the hardness of the coat of the species. S. spadiceum is found on heaths in England, but is very rare; it is about the size of a chesnut, rather depressed at the top. purse-shap. subsolitary 2 aut. 16514 Woodwárdi Pers.

Woodward's subsolitary 1 aut. 16515 quadrífidum Pers. quadrifid subsolitary 2 aut. subsolitary sp. aut. Br 2443. LYCOPER'DON. Mich.

PUFF-BALL. 16507 bovísta Pers. large CRYPTOGAMIA.

Sp. 4-11. turbinate 3 aut. Wsh pastures 16508 pratense Pers. meadow subterra. 2 su.aut. W pastures 16509 excipulifórme Pers. chan.to br. 2 aut. W pastures 16510 pyrifórme Pers. pear-shaped 2444. BOVIS'TA. Pers. BOVISTA.

Sp. 2-4. tufted 1½ su. aut. Pa. Br about tree stumps Bulliard, t. 435. f. 3 16511 nigréscens Pers. blackish becom. blk. 2 su. aut. W 16512 gigantéa Grev. pastures gigantic cracking 12 su. aut. Y.W pastures 2445. GEAS'TRUM. Mich. GEASTRUM. 16513 colifórme Pers. 16516 stellátum Bolt. stellated Wsh pine woods Sower. t. 331 Bulliard, t. 447 Dic.cr.t.3.f.4. Lycoperd.

Bry.hist.f.19. Lycoperd.

Sch.t.183. L.fornicatum Bolt. t. 179. Lycoperdon CLASS XXIV.

Sower. t. 332. Proteus Bulliard, t. 435. f. 2 Bulliard, t. 450. f. 2 Sp. 4-5.

Brsh pastures D.Br dry banks moors Lycoperdon recolligens Woodw.

Division II. Trichocisti. 2446. CRATE'RIUM. Trent. CRATERIUM. 16517 leucocéphalum Trent.white-head. pretty 16518 vulgáre Dittm. common pretty Sp. 2-6. aut. aut. mosses, &c. mosses, &c.

Grev. crypt. t. 65 Sower. t. 239 Cýathus minútus Sowerby 16524 nútans Grev. 16528 ováta Pers. 16529 falláx Pers. 2447. STEMONITIS. Pers. STEMONITIS. 16519 fasciculáta Pers. fascicled dense Tríchia núda Sow. 16520 papilláta Pers. pimpled scattered 2448. CRIBRARIA. Schrad. CRIBRARIA. 16521 micropus Schrad. small stalk. pinheaded 2449. DICTY DIUM. Schrad. DICTYDIUM. 16522 cérnuum Nees cernuous pinheaded 2450. ARSCY'RIA. Pers. ARSCYRIA. 16523 punícea Pers. crimson gregar.

Tríchia denudáta Sowerb. 29 2451. LEAN GIUM. Link. LEANGIUM. 16525 florifórme Link. flower-like scattered 16526 Trevelyani Grev. Trevelyan's scattered 2452. TRI CHIA. Pers. TRICHIA. 16527 reticuláta Pers. netted Sphærocarpus frágilis Sowerb. 2453. DIDER'MA. Pers. DIDERMA. aut. 15530 globósum Pers. globose clustered 0 aut. 2454. PHY'SARUM. Pers. PHYSARUM.

Sp. 2-?. su. aut. Bl. Br rotten wood Greville crypt. 170 aut.

D.Br rotten wood Nees syst. t. 10. f. 118 aut.

Sp. 1-?.

Br pine trunks Schrad. gen. t. 2. f. 1-2 Sp. 1-?. all sea. Bl rotten wood Greville crypt. 153 Sp. 2-?. su. aut. Crim. rotten wood Greville crypt. 130 nodding weak su. aut. Pa. Y rotten wood Sower. t. 260. Trichia Sp. 2-?.

Y decaying trunks aut.

Pa. Br leaves of mosses Bulliard, t. 371 Grev. crypt. 132 pulpy 0 aut.

Sp. 3-?.

Ysh rotten wood Nees syst. t. 10. f. 111 ovate deceitful crowded 0 aut.

Y rotten wood variable 0 aut.

Rsh rotten wood Sp. 1-?.

Sower. t. 85. turbinata Sower. t. 279 Cin. dead beech leaves Grev. crypt. 122 Sp. 6-?. 16531 sulcátum Link. 16532 nútans Pers. furrowed weak sp. aut. Gr rotten wood nodding weak aut. Gr rotten wood Bull. t. 407. f. 3 16533 nígripes Link. 16534 víride Pers. 16535 leúcopus Link. 16536 aúreum Pers. black stem. firm aut. D.Gr rotten wood