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List of Plants for Minnesota

A. HEDGES. Owing to the severe exposure to which a hedge may be subjected only small groups can be recommended as entirely "ironclad." No broad-leaved evergreens can be listed and only the most hardy sorts of conifers, among them being the Black Hills variety of the white spruce, given here as picea canadensis. Early spring-flowering shrubs like the golden bell and deutzia are not hardy and none of the beeches should be used for windbreaks or other types of hedges. Most of the other plants shown in Chapter XII can be planted safely. a.

Barriers:

Crataegus coccinea Scarlet-fruited Thorn Hippophae rhamnoides Sea Buckthorn Juniperus virginiana Red Cedar Lonicera tatarica Tartarian Honeysuckle Picea canadensis Black Hills Spruce b. Windbreaks:

Acer tataricum Tartarian Maple Picea canadensis Black Hills Spruce Pinus nigra austriaca Austrian Pine Picea excelsa Norway Spruce Rhamnus cathartica Common Buckthorn Ribes alpinum Alpine Currant Ribes oxycanthoides Wild Gooseberry Rosa rugosa Japanese Rose Pinus strobus White Pine Pinus sylvestris Scotch Pine Salix Willow B. GROUND COVER. No evergreen ground-cover plants seem to prove hardy in the region covered by this list, and so the plants given are confined to deciduous shrubs and vines. Perennials can be used in proportion to the winter protection provided for them. a. Shrubs:

Artemisia sericea Siberian Wormwood Comptonia asplenifolia Sweet. Fern Ribes aureum Flowering Currant Ribes oxycanthoides Wild Gooseberry Rosa arkansana Arkansas Rose Rubus odoratus Flowering Raspberry b. Vines:

Spiraea sorbifolia Sorb-leaved Spirea Spiraea tomentosa Hardhack Symphoricarpos vulgaris Indian-currant C.

Ampelopsis quinquefolia Virginia Creeper Celastrus scandens American Bitter-sweet Lycium halimifolium Matrimony Vine Menispermum canadense Common Moonseed C. PLANTS VALUABLE FOR AUTUMN COLOURATION OF LEAVES. Only plants which show good autumn colour, either at an early or medium season, prove valuable in this region since late colour is invariably destroyed by hard freezes. a. Early:

Acer negundo Box Elder Acer rubrum Red Maple Acer saccharum Celtis occidentalis Nettle Tree Populus eugenei Carolina Poplar Rhus typhina Sugar Maple Staghorn Sumac Sassafras officinale Yellow Birch Common Sassafras Betula lutea b. Medium:

Ampelopsis quinquefolia Virginia Creeper Berberis thunbergi Vaccinium corymbosum Quercus rubra Red Oak Thunberg's Japanese Barberry High-bush Blueberry Viburnum acerifolium Maple-leaved Viburnum Fraxinus americana White Ash D. HEAVY, FORMAL EFFECTS. Either due to the prevalence of ice storms which break them down or to their inherent lack of hardiness, most of the plants which are elsewhere available for heavy, formal effects are not available in this region. This group is accordingly a small one. Juniperus virginiana Red Cedar Juniperus virginiana glauca Blue Virginia Cedar Populus nigra italica Lombardy Poplar Picea excelsa pyramidalis Pyramidal Norway Spruce Populus alba pyramidalis Bolle's Poplar