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Compositae (Ornamental hardy annual)
An ornamental hardy annual, with a very compact habit of growth, and free-flowering qualities. Involucre simple; leaflets keeled; receptacle naked, convex. Seeds may be sown out of doors in ordinary soil, about the middle of April; or, if an early display is desired, they may be sown on a hotbed in March, and transplanted out when large enough to handle. C. heterophylla (various-laved). fl.-heads, rayflorets blue, disk blue or yellow; peduncle long, oneheaded, glandular. June. l., lower ones opposite; upper alternate, oblong-lanceolate. h. 1ft. South Africa, 1819. SYN. Kaulfussia amelloides. (B. R. 490.) CHEILANTHES (from cheilos, a lip, and anthos, a flower; in reference to the form of the indusium). ORD. Filices. The following names, formerly looked upon as representing distinct genera, are now merely regarded as sectional ones of the genus Cheilanthes--Adiantopsis, Aleuritopteris, and Physapteris. A large genus of hardy, greenhouse, and stove Ferns. Sori terminal, or nearly so, on the veins, at first small, sub-globose, afterwards more or less confluent. Involucre formed from changed reflexed margin, roundish and distinct, or more or less confluent, but not quite continuous. For general culture, see Ferns. C. argentea (silvery).* sti. densely tufted, 3in. to 6in. long, wiry. fronds 3in. to 4in. long, 2in. broad, deltoid, bi- or tripinnatifld; lower pinnae much the largest, cut down nearly to the rachis; lowest pinnules sometimes 1/2in. long; lower surface thickly covered with white ceraceous powder. sort numerous, very small, marginal. Siberia to India, &c. Greenhouse species. C. Bradburii (Bradbury's). A synonym of C. comentosa. C. capensis (Cape).* sti. tufted, erect, 4in. to 6in. long. fronds 4in. to 6in. long, 3in. to 4in. broad, bipinnatifld; lower pinnae much the largest; pinnules on the lower side larger than the others, ovate, bluntish, cut down to the rachis into oblong, blunt, nearly entire segments. sori small, placed all round the edge of the segments. Cape of good Hope. C. Clevelandi (Cleveland's).* sti. tufted, erect, scaly. fronds 4in. to 12in. long, ovate-lanceolate, tri- or (rarely) quadripinnate; ultimate divisions of pinnae nearly round, sub-lenticular, small, deep green above, covered with fine white scales beneath. North-west America. Hardy, or nearly so. C. Eatoni (Eaton's).* sti. tufted, 3in. to 6in.long, wiry, densely scaly. fronds 3in. to 8in. long, 1 1/2 in. to 2in.broad, ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid; lower pinnules distant, alternate or opposite, deltoid; pinnules linear-oblong, pinnatifid; upper surface densely clothed with white woolly tomentum, lower also densely matted, the margin of the segments incurved. Greenhouse. Western United States, &c.
C. elegans (elegant). A synonym of C. myriophylla elegans. C. farinosa (mealy).* sti. densely tufted, 3in. to 6in. long. fronds 3in. to 12in. long, 3in. to 6in. broad, lanceolate or deltoid, bitripinnatifid; pinnae numerous, opposite, lower ones mostly largest; lowest pinnules longer than the others, deeply sinuatopinnatifid; under surface densely coated with pure white powder. sori small, brown, placed in a continuous line along the edges. Tropics of both hemispheres. Greenhouse species. (B. M. 4765.) C. Fendleri (Fendler's).* sti. scattered, 2in. to 4in. long, wiry. fronds 3in. to 4in. long, 1in. to 1 1/2 in. broad, ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid; pinnae lanceolate-deltoid, about 3/4 in. long; pinnules linear-oblong, cut into small oblong segments; rachis densely scaly. sori copious, marginal. Rocky Mountains. Greenhouse species.
C. flexuosa (flexuose). sti. tufted, 2in. to 4in. long. fronds 4in. to 6in. long, deltoid, tripinnate; pinnae and pinnules lanceolate, short-stalked, lowest largest; segments flattish, ovate-oblong, blunt, sessile, one to one and a half lines broad. sori six to eight to largest segment. Tropical America. Stove species.
C. fragrans (fragrant).* sti. caespitose, wiry, 1in. to 3in. long, densely scaly. fronds 2in. to 3in. long, about 1in. broad, ovate-acuminate, bi- or tripinnatifid; pinnae opposite, deltoid, cut down to the rachis below into several sinuato-pinnatifid linear-oblong lobes. sori small, copious. South Europe, &c., 1778. Half-hardy. SYNS. C. odora and C. suaveolens. C. frigida (frigid). A synonym of C. lendigera.
C. gracilis (slender). A synonym of C. lanuginosa.
C. gracillima (most slender).* sti. densely tufted, 2in. to 6in. long, wiry, slender. fronds 3in. to 4in. long, 1in. broad, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, bior tripinnatifid; lower pinnae opposite, lanceolate-deltoid, cut down to the rachis into several linear-oblong segments on each side; lower surface densely matted with pale brown woolly tomentum; margin of the segments much incurved. sori copious, marginal. California, &c. Greenhouse or frame species. C. hirta (hairy), sti. tufted, 2in. to 4in. long, strong, erect, densely hairy. fronds 4in. to 12in. long, 2in. to 5in. broad, ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid; pinnae opposite, spreading from the main rachis at right angles, lanceolate, and cut down to the rachis into numerous oblong pinnules, which are about 1/4 in. long; margin of the segments much incurved. sori copious. Cape of Good Hope, 1806. Greenhouse species. C. lanuginosa (woolly).* sti. densely tufted, erect, wiry. fronds 4in. to 8in. long, 1in. to 1 1/2in.broad, ovate-lanceolate, bipinnatifid; pinnae in opposite pairs, the lower ones deltoid; pinnules linear-oblong, with numerous small roundish segments; lower surface densely tomentose; margin of the segments much incurved. North America. Hardy. SYN. C. gracilis. C. lendigera (maggot-bearing).* sti. 3in. to 12in. long, strong, erect, tomentose. Fronds 4in. to 12in. long, 2in. to 4in. broad, lanceolate, tri- or quadripinnatifid; pinnae numerous, the lowest opposite, lanceolate; pinnules numerous, linear oblong, cut down to the rachis into numerous distinct convex segments, half a line or less each way. sori sub-continuous. Mexico, &c. Greenhouse species. SYN. C.frigida.
C. Lindheimeri (Lindheimer's).* sti. scattered, 3in. to 6in. long, wiry. fronds 3in. to 6in. long, 1 1/2 in. to 2in. broad, ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid; pinnae numerous, contiguous, the lowest about 1in. long, 3/8 in. broad; pinnules numerous, linear-oblong; rachis densely scaly above; upper surface woolly, lower densely scaly; margin of the segments much incurved. sori copious, marginal. Texas and New Mexico. Greenhouse species. (H. S. F. ii., 107.) C. microphylla (small-leaved).* sti. 2in. to 6in. long, wiry. fronds 3in. to 9in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad, ovate-lanceolate, bi- or tripinnatifid; pinnae in numerous nearly opposite pairs, the lowest 1in. to 2in. long; pinnules linear-oblong, entire or sub-deltoid, and cut down to the rachis below. sori roundish or elongated. Tropical America. Greenhouse species. There are numerous varieties and forms of this, one of which is C. micromera, with numerous close-spreading pinnae; pinnules ovate-oblong, entire or nearly so.(H. S. F. ii. 99.) C. multifida (much-cut). sti. tufted, 3in. to 9in. long, strong, erect. fronds 3in. to 12in. long, 2in. to 8in. broad, ovate-lanceolate or deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid; lower pinnules opposite, remote, deltoid, 2in. to 6in. long; ultimate divisions linear-oblong, deeply lobed, and the margin in the fertile plant much recurved. sori terminal on the lobes, small, roundish, slightly confluent. Cape of Good Hope, &c. Greenhouse species.(H. G. F. 39.) C. myriophylla (myriad-leaved). sti. densely tufted, wiry, erect, clothed with pale, woolly tomentum. fronds 4in. to 6in. long, and 1 1/2 in. to 2in. broad, ovate-lanceolate in outline, tri- or quadri pinnatifid; pinnae lanceolate-deltoid, with linear-oblong pinnules on both sides; ultimate segments very small, roundish, and beadlike, of a bright green colour above, densely matted beneath, with a sub-coriaceous texture. Tropical and warm temperate America. Stove or greenhouse species. The variety elegans (SYN. C. elegans) has obovate-pyriform segments, usually tapering into a distinct stalk. Found in the same localities.
C. mysurensis (Mysuran).* sti. densely tufted, very short, wiry. fronds 3in. to 12in. long, 1 1/2 in. to 3in. broad, ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid; pinnae numerous, the lowest opposite, about 1in. long, lanceolate-deltoid, cut down to the rachis into numerous linear-oblong, pinnatifid pinnules. sori small, roundish, distinct, or slightly confluent. Tropical Hindostan. Greenhouse species. (H. S. F. ii. 100.) C. fragilis is said to be very doubtfully distinct from the foregoing species, but it is a larger plant. C. odora (sweet). A synonym of C. fragrans.
C. Preissiana (Preiss's). A synonym of C. Sieberi.
C. pteroides (Pteris-like). sti. 6in. to 12in. long, strong, erect. fronds 12in. to 18in. long, 6in. to 9in. broad, deltoid, tripinnate; upper part simply pinnate; lower with several opposite pairs of wiry erecto-patent branches, growing gradually larger downwards; segments oblong, entire. sori small, roundish, distinct but contiguous. Cape of Good Hope, &c., 1775. Greenhouse species. (H. S. F. ii. 101.) C. radiata (rayed).* sti. tufted, 12in. to 18in. long, strong, erect, wiry; pinnae six to nine, all radiating from a common centre, like the spokes of a wheel, with a whorl of bract-like segments at the axis, the longest 6in. to 9in. long, about 1in. broad; pinnules numerous, close, 1/2 in. long, unequal-sided, truncate at base. sori small, very numerous, placed along both margins of the entire pinnules. Tropical America. Greenhouse species. (H. S. F. ii. 91.) C. rufa (reddish).* sti. tufted, 1in. to 2in. long, densely tomentose. fronds 6in. to 9in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad, ovate-lanceolate, bipinnatifid; pinnae opposite, the lower ones with 1in. to 2in. between them, oblong; pinnules on the lower side the largest, 1/4 in. to 1/2 in. long, linear-oblong; under surface coated with white powder. sori copious, marginal, roundish, small. North of Hindostan. Greenhouse species. (H. S. F. ii. 99.) C. Sieberi (Sieber's).* sti. densely tufted, 3in. to 6in. long, wiry. fronds 3in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 1 1/2 in. broad, oblong-acuminate, tripinnatifid; pinnae in pairs, the lowest often distant, deltoid, with several opposite, oblong-deltoid pinnules, which are cut down to the rachis in the lower part; involucre small, narrow, pale brown, roundish, and separate or combined. Australia, &c. Greenhouse species. SYN. C. Preissiana. (H. S. F. ii. 97.) C. suaveolens (sweet-smelling). A synonym of C. fragrans. C. tenuifolia (slender-leaved). sti. 4in. to 6in. long. wiry, flexuose. fronds 4in. to 8in. long, 3in. to 4in. broad, deltoid, tripinnatifid; pinnae in numerous opposite pairs, deltoid; pinnules on the lower side the largest, the lowest 1in. long, cut into sinuato-pinnatifid segments. sori roundish or sub-continuous. Tropics, southern hemisphere. Greenhouse species. (H. S. F. ii. 97.) C. tomentosa (tomentose).* sti. tufted, 4in. to 6in. long, strong, erect, densely tomentose. fronds 6in. to 12in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad, ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid; lower pinnules distant, opposite, 1in. to 1 1/2 in. long, deltoid; pinnules linear-oblong, cut into numerous small oblong segments; rachis densely woolly; upper surface grey-green, pubescent; lower densely matted. Mexico. Greenhouse species. SYN. C. Bradburii. (H. S. F. ii. 109 b.) C. vestita (clothed).* sti. tufted, 2in. to 4in. long, wiry, slightly tomentose. fronds 4in. to 8in. long, 1 1/2 in. to 2in. broad, ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid; lower pinnae distant, opposite, about 1/2 in. long, cut down to the rachis into several oblong pinnules on each side. sori copious. North America, 1812. Nearly hardy.
C. viscosa (clammy).* sti. tufted, 4in. to 6in. long, strong, erect, pubescent. fronds 4in. to 6in. each way, deltoid, tri- or quadri-pinnatifid; pinnae in pairs, the lowest much the largest; pinnules of the lower side larger than the others, lanceolate, with narrow linear-oblong segments, which are again cut down to the rachis. sori more or less confluent. New Mexico, &c., 1841. Stove or greenhouse species. (H. S. F. ii. 93.) C. Wrightii (Wright's).* sti. 2in. to 4in. long, strong, wiry. fronds 2in. to 3in. long, 1in. to 1 1/2 in. broad, ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid; pinnae in several opposite pairs, the lowest about 1in. long; pinnules cut about half-way down. sori copious, the margin of the fertile fronds much incurved. Texas. Greenhouse species. (H. S. F. ii. 90.)