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July (L in an erect distichous)

l. in an erect, distichous cluster, ensiform. Stem 2ft. to 3ft. high, slender, corymbosely branched. Davuria and North China, 1784. A very distinct species. (B. R. 246; S. B. F. G. 96.) I. Douglasiana (Douglas').* fl., limb bright lilac-purple, 1 1/2in. to 2in. deep; falls obovate-spathulate, with a reflexing lamina 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad, as long as the claw; standards rather shorter, oblanceolate-unguiculate, erect. June. l. about four in a tuft, linear, thick, rigid, strongly ribbed. Stems 6in. to 12in. high, slender, having one or two clusters of flowers. California, 1873. (B. M. 6083.) I. ensata (sword-shape-leaved). fl., limb lilac-purple, about 2in. deep; divisions all oblanceolate; falls with a reflexing blade, marked with yellow, and veined at the throat; standards erect, lilac, 1/4in. broad; cluster single, terminal, one to three-flowered. June and July. l. tufted, linear, glaucous, firm. Stem firm, about 1ft. high. Temperate Asia. A rare but handsome species. SYNS. I. biglumis, I. fragrans (B. R. xxvi. 1), I. longispatha (B. M. 2528), I. Pallasii (B. M. 2331).

I. flavescens (yellowish).* fl. lemon-yellow; limb about 2in. deep; falls obovate-cuneate, about 1 1/2in. broad, reflexing half-way down; claw veined with purplish-brown; beard orange-yellow; standards erect, obovate, rather shorter and broader than the falls; clusters terminal, three or four-flowered. May. l. few, tufted, ensiform, 1ft. to 1 1/4ft. long. Stem 2ft. to 3ft. high, glaucous, branched about half-way down. Eastern Europe and Western Asia, 1818. (S. B. F. G. ser. ii. 56; B. R. 1845, 35, under name of I. imbricata.) I. florentina (Florentine).* fl. fragrant; limb 3in. to 3 1/2in. deep; both rows of segments eighteen to twenty-one lines broad; falls obovate-cuneate, white, tinged with lavender, reflexing half-way down; claw veined with green and brown; beard bright yellow; standards erect, obovate-oblong, with a short claw, pure white. May. l. few, tufted, ensiform, glaucous. Stems 2ft. to 3ft. high, branched above the middle, bearing three or four terminal spathes. South Europe, 1596. The rhizome of this possesses cathartic and emetic properties; it is also used as the basis of many perfumery powders. (B. M. 671; B. M. Pl. 273.) I. foetidissima (very foetid).* Stinking Gladwin. fl., limb bluishlilac, 2in. deep; falls obovate-unguiculate, the oblong-obtuse lamina 3/4in. broad; standards erect, oblanceolate, three to four lines broad, shorter than the falls; clusters sessile, lateral. June. l. ensiform, same length as stem, firm. Stem compressed, 2ft. to 3ft. high. West Europe (Britain). A very desirable species, of easy cultivation in almost any situation, but it prefers and flourishes best in a moist one. Its large, thrice-divided seed pods, showing the large, orange-coloured seeds, are very ornamental (Sy. En. B. 1494.) I. fragrans (fragrant), of Lindley. A synonym of I. ensata. I. fragrans (fragrant), of Salisbury. A synonym of I. biflora. I. fulva (tawny).* fl., limb bright fulvous-brown, 2in. to 2 1/2in. deep; all the segments reflexing equally when expanded; falls oblong-unguiculate, 3/4in. to 1in. broad, obtusely rounded at the top, deeply emarginate, gradually narrowed into a claw not more than 1/2in. long, velvety on the face, with reddish-brown pubescence on the keel; standards shorter, oblanceolate-spathulate, 1 1/2in. long, 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad. June. l. narrow-ensiform, bright green. Stems 2ft. to 3ft. high, forked low down, angular in the lower part, furnished at the forks with large leaves. United States. (B. M. 1496.) I. germanica (German).* German or common Iris. fl. fragrant; limb 2 1/2in. to 3in. deep; falls obovate-cuneate, 1 1/2in. to 2in. broad, bright purple, reflexing half-way down; claw white with brownish veins; beard bright yellow; standards obovate-unguiculate, deep lilac, erect; clusters four or five-flowered. May. l. tufted, few, ensiform, very glaucous. Stem 2ft. to 3ft. high, glaucous, forked half-way down. Central and South Europe. A fine ornamental species, and one of the commonest in cultivation; it has numerous very elegant varieties. (B. M. 670; B. R. 818, under name of I. nepalensis). I. gigantea (gigantic). A garden name of I. ochroleuca. I. graminea (grass-leaved).* fl. slightly fragrant; limb bright lilac-purple, 1 1/2in. to 2in. deep; falls with an orbicular limb, 1/2in. broad; claw dull yellow; throat veined with blue-purple on a white ground; standards erect, purple, 1/4in. broad; clusters terminal, two or three-flowered. May. l. about four, tufted, linear, much overtopping the flowers. Stem solid, ancipitous, about 9in. high. Central and Southern Europe, 1597. (B. M. 681.) I. Guldenstadtiana (Guldenstadt's).* fl., limb 2in. deep; claws of the falls much longer than the obovate deflexed lamina, which is pure white, 3/4in. broad, with an orange throat; standards oblanceolate, 1/2in. broad, erect, rather shorter than the falls, pure white, with a yellow keel and border; spathes two or three-flowered. June. l. firm, ensiform. Stems stout, 2ft. high. Siberia, 1757. This species is, according to Mr. Baker, the erratica and Wittmaniana of many gardens. SYNS. I. halophila (of Pallas, but not of B. M. 875, which is I. spuria notha), I. stenogyne.

I. halophila (salt-loving). A synonym of I. Guldenstadtiana. I. hexagona (hexagonal). fl., tube funnel-shaped, 3/4in. to 1in. long, pale or deep lilac, 3in. to 3 1/2in. deep; falls obovate-unguiculate, the lamina exceeding the claw, 1in. to 1 1/2in. broad; standards erect, oblanceolate-spathulate, 1/2in. broad, rather shorter than the falls; spathe valves often 5in. to 6in. long April. l., basal ones ensiform, 2ft. to 3ft. long, by 1in. to 1 1/4in. broad. Stems 3ft. to 4ft. high, deeply forked, and furnished with several large leaves. Southern United States. (B. M. 6787.) I. humilis (low). fl., limb bright lilac, 1 1/2in. to 2in. deep; falls oblong-spathulate, beardless; claw exceeding the blade; standards rather shorter, oblanceolate-unguiculate, erect; spathe sessile in the centre of the cluster of leaves, one-flowered. l. about a dozen, in a basal rosette, linear, glaucous, ribbed. Stem none. Southern Russia, Siberia, &c. I. hybrida (hybrid).* fl., limb 2in. to 2 1/2in. deep; falls obovate-cuneate, 1 1/4in. to 1 1/2in. broad, reflexing half-way down, plain, deep lilac-purple at the tip, copiously veined lower down with the same colour on a pure white ground; beard yellow; standards the same breadth, erect, obovate-unguiculate, pure white, or slightly tinged with lilac. June. l. about 1ft. long, 1in. to 1 1/4in. broad, purple at the base. Stem forked low down, with three or four terminal spathes. A handsome garden race of unknown origin--according to Mr. Baker, probably derived from I. squalens. SYN. I. amaena. There are a number of desirable varieties.

I. iberica (Iberian).* fl. solitary; limb 3in deep; segments nearly equal, ovate, obtuse, cuneately narrowed to a short claw, 1 1/2in. to 2in. broad; falls reflexing from near the base, closely veined like those of I. susiana with dark purplish-brown, with a velvety, plain, dark purple blotch at the throat; standards erect, veinless, white or pale lilac. Summer. l. few, in a basal tuft, falcate, glaucous, linear. Stem 3in. to 6in. high. Caucasus. (R. G. 386, 1, 2.) I. i. insignis (remarkable).* A very striking and handsome variety, with larger flowers, and a dwarfer habit than the typical species; falls white, veined with black lines, densely spotted and blotched with reddish-brown; standards lilac-white, veined and thickly spotted throughout with a deeper tint of the same hue. This variety should be planted in the hottest and driest part of the garden, and be fully exposed to the sun. I. japonica (Japanese). fl., limb lilac, 1in. to 1 1/2in. deep, division spreading falcately; falls oblong-spathulate, 1/2in. broad, crisped, and irregularly fimbriated at the edge, spotted with yellow and white at the centre, and furnished with a fimbriated petaloid crest reaching two-thirds of the way up; standards plain lilac, rather narrowed. April and May. l. in a fan-like tuft, ensiform, bright green. Stem 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. high, of which the upper half or two-thirds is occupied by a lax panicle with erecto-patent branches. Japan and China. SYN. I. chinensis (under which name it is figured in B. M. 373, 1797).

I. Kaempferi (Kaempfer's). A synonym of I. laevigata. I. Korolkowi (Korolkow's). fl., limb 2 1/2in. deep, ground work white tinged with brown, marked with copious dark brown veins, radiating from the throat; blade of the falls oblong, 1 1/2in. long, 1in. broad; claw bearded; standards rather broader, oblong-unguiculate, erect. l. linear, glaucous, as long as the stem. Stem 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. high, leafy in the lower part, ending in a solitary, two-flowered, terminal spathe. Turkestan, 1874. (R. G. 766.) I. laevigata (smooth).* Japanese Iris. fl. solitary; limb deep bright purple, 3in. to 3 1/2in. long; falls obovate-unguiculate, reflexing from low down, with a bright yellow blotch at the throat; standards oblanceolate-spathulate, purple, 2in. long, 1/2in. broad. June. l. narrow-ensiform, pale green, thin, weak. Stem 1 1/2ft. to 2ft. high firm, solid, glaucous. Siberia and Japan. A handsome species, and one of the best of the genus. SYN. I. Kaempferi, under which name it is most generally known. This is cultivated by the Japanese as a sub-aquatic, and in England it thrives best when copiously supplied with water during the growing season. It succeeds admirably when cultivated in pans, and the bottoms of these placed a depth of a couple of inches in a tank of water. (R. G. 442, 1; B. M. 6132.) There are a great number of exceedingly beautiful varieties of this species in cultivation, many of which produce flowers measuring quite 10in. across. There are also several desirable double forms, one of which, flore-pleno, is illustrated at Fig. 328. I. longipetala (long-petaled). fl. in a single terminal head; limb bright lilac, 2 1/2in. to 3in. deep; falls obovate, unguiculate, reflexing half-way down; lamina obovate, 1in. to 1 1/4in. broad, cuneately narrowed into the short claw, which has a bright yellow keel and violet veins on a pure white ground; standards erect, oblanceolate-spathulate, 2in. long, 1/2in. broad. Summer. l. firm, narrow-ensiform, 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. long. Stems 2ft. to 3ft. high, solid, compressed. California, 1862. (B. M. 5298.) I. longispatha (long-spathed). A synonym of I. ensata. I. lurida (dingy). fl., limb 2 1/2in. deep; falls oblong, 1in. broad, reflexing half-way down, cuneately narrowed to the base, having the upper part plain dead purple, and the lower half veined with dead purple on a yellow groundwork; beard bright yellow; standards rather broader, with a crisped, veinless, dull purple blade and veined yellow claw; spathes one or two-flowered. April. l. ensiform, slightly glaucous. Stems deeply forked, about 2ft. high. Eastern Europe, 1758. Closely allied to I. variegata, but inferior as a decorative plant. (B. M. 986.) I. lutescens (yellowish).* fl. 2 1/2in. deep; falls pale yellow, tinged and veined with purplish-brown, oblong, nearly or quite 1in. broad, with a reflexing blade as long as the claw; beard bright yellow; standards broader, erect, primrose-yellow, narrowed suddenly to the claw. May. l. ensiform, slightly glaucous. Stem terete, glaucous, unbranched. South Europe. (B. M. 2861.) I. missouriensis (Missouri). fl., perianth tube funnel-shaped, 1/4in. to 1/3in. long; outer segments of limb 2in. to 2 1/2in. long, veined with lilac-purple on pale groundwork, and faintly keeled with yellow towards base of limb; inner segments nearly as long as the outer, plain lilac-purple. May. l., produced ones about four to a tuft, linear, not more than 1ft. long, 1/4in. to 1/3in. broad, narrowed gradually to the point, firm in texture. Stem bearing a single cluster of two or three flowers. Rocky Mountains, 1880. (B. M. 6579.) I. Monnieri (Monnier's).* fl. fragrant, clustered; limb bright lemon-yellow, 3in. to 3 1/2in. deep; falls roundish, eighteen to twenty lines broad, equalling the claw; standards spreading, oblanceolate-spathulate, 3in. long, 1in. broad; spathes two-flowered. June and July. l. firm, sub-erect, lanceolate, about 2ft. long. Stems stout, terete, 3ft. to 4ft. high. Crete. I. neglecta (neglected).* fl., limb 2in. deep; falls bright lilac, obovate-cuneate, 1in. to 1 1/4in. broad, much striped on a pure white ground; beard bright yellow; standards obovate-unguiculate, 1 1/4in. broad, bright light unstriped lilac. June. l. ensiform, slightly glaucous, purple at the base, 1ft. to 1 1/4ft. long. Stem 1 1/2ft. to 2ft. high, branched above the middle. A very common form, the native country of which is unknown. It is the handsomest species of the germanica group. (B. M. 2435.) About a score named varieties are catalogued by some growers.

I. nepalensis (Nepaul). fl., limb lilac, 1 1/2in. to 2in. deep; falls with a reflexing oblong blade as long as the claw, furnished with a yellow crest down the lower two-thirds of the keel; standards oblanceolate, unguiculate, erect, rather shorter than the falls. l. linear, moderately firm in texture, with several strong ribs, and narrowed gradually to an acuminate point. Stem 6in. to 1ft., with one to three clusters of flowers. Himalayas, 1828. (S. B. F. G. ser. ii. 11.) The plant figured in B. R. 818 is not I. nepalensis, but I. germanica.

I. nudicaulis (naked-stemmed) A synonym of I. biflora. I. ochroleuca (yellowish-white).* fl. clustered; limb 3in. to 3 1/2in. deep, the round-obovate, suddenly-reflexed blade eighteen to twenty-one lines broad, pure white at the edge, bright orange-yellow at the base, as long as the claw, which is yellow on the face, without veins, and green on the back; standards erect, oblanceolate, rather shorter than the falls. June. l. firm, ensiform, 1in. broad. Stem 3ft. high, stout, terete. Native country uncertain. (B. M. 61; R. H. 1875, 357, under name of I. gigantea.) I. orientalis (Eastern). This species closely resembles l. sibirica, but differs from it by the redness of its young leaves, shorter peduncles, more tender leaves and spathe valves, and more fugitive flowers. Japan and the East of Siberia. (B. M. 1604, under name of I. sibirica sanguinea.) I. Pallasii (Pallas'). A synonym of I. ensata.

I. pallida (pale). fl. with an Orange-blossom-like fragrance; limb 2in. to 2 1/2in. deep, varying from a bright slaty-lilac to a deep lilac-purple; falls 1 1/2in. to 2in. broad, reflexing half-way down, veined in the lower half with bright lilac on a white ground; beard bright yellow; standards as broad as the falls, somewhat crisped, obovate. June. l. few, tufted, ensiform, 12in. to 18in. long. Stems 2ft. to 3ft. high. Mediterranean region, 1596. A fine species, with many very desirable varieties. (B. M. 685.) I. plicata (plicate). fl. fragrant; limb 2 1/2in. deep; falls 1 1/4in. broad, obovate, cuneately narrowed from the middle to the base, pure white in the centre, veined with bright lilac round the edge and on the claw; beard tipped with yellow; standards 1 1/2in. broad, obovate-oblong, very plicate, pure white in the centre, lilac round the border. July. l. slightly glaucous, 12in. to 18in. long, 1in. to 1 1/2in. broad. Stem 2ft. to 3ft. high, sub-terete, bearing four to six clusters of flowers. A garden race, of unknown origin. (B. M. 870, under name of I. aphylla plicata.) I. prismatica (prismatic). fl. often in twos; limb 1 1/2in. to 2in. deep, bright lilac-blue; falls with a roundish limb, under 1in. broad, much shorter than the strap-shaped claw; standard oblanceolate-unguiculate, erect, much shorter than the falls. May. l. linear, tufted, moderately firm. Stem 1 1/2ft. to 2ft. high, slender, terete. Eastern United States. This species is very like I. sibirica, but it has exserted pedicels, and a small spathe. (B. M. 1504.) I. Pseudo-acorus (bastard Acorus).* Yellow Iris, or Water Flag. fl. large, almost scentless, clustered; limb bright yellow, 2in. to 2 1/2in. deep; falls rotundate, 1 1/4in. to 1 1/2in. broad, bright orange-yellow, with a deeper spot at the throat, with radiating veins of brown; claw green down the back; standards oblanceolate, spathulate, erect, about 1/2in. long. April. l. ensiform, glaucous, 1in. broad. Stem 2ft. to 3ft. high, stout, terete, forked low down. Europe (Britain), Western Asia. A well-known and handsome bog-plant, of which there is a variety among two or three others, with variegated leaves. (F. D. 494; Sy. En. B. 1495.) I. pumila (dwarf).* fl. small, solitary; limb bright lilac-purple, 2in. deep; falls oblong-unguiculate, 3/4in. broad, reflexing about half-way down, with a dense white beard down the claw and lower part of the keel; standards erect, same length and breadth as the falls, not quite so deep in colour. April. l. ensiform, about four in a tuft, slightly glaucous. Stem scarcely any. h. 4in. or 5in. Europe, Asia Minor, 1596. An exceedingly pretty species, the type and its varieties, making excellent subjects for edging or for bedding purposes. (B. M. 9.) I. p. attica (Attic). fl. yellow; divisions feather-veined with brown-lilac. I. p. caerulea (blue). fl., limb bright blue; beard of the falls bright yellow. (B. M. 1261.) I. rubro-marginata (red-margined).* fl., tube 2in. long, green, tinged with purple towards the top; limb dead purple, 2in. to 2 1/2in. deep; falls obovate-unguiculate, reflexing half-way down, with a purple beard; standards obovate-unguiculate, erect; spathe two-flowered, the valves keeled and margined with red. Spring. l. falcate-ensiform, 2in. to 3in. long, 1/2in. broad. Stem none. h. 4in. Scutari, 1875.

I. ruthenica (Russian). fl. fragrant; limb lilac-purple, 1 1/2in. deep; falls oblong-unguiculate, with a reflexed lamina 1/2in. broad; standards oblanceolate-unguiculate, erect, 1/4in. broad. Spring. l. much overtopping the flowers, linear, acuminate, firm, ribbed. Stems slender, 1in. to 4in. high, one-headed. Transylvania and Siberia to China, 1804. (B. M. 1123 and 1393.) I. sambucina (Elder-scented).* fl. with a strong scent of Elder, large, disposed in clusters; limb 2in. to 2 1/4in. deep; falls obovate-cuneate, reflexing half-way down, little over 1in. broad, upper half plain claret-purple; beard yellow; standards obovate-unguiculate, erect, emarginate, 1 1/4in. broad, dull yellow, suffused with dull claret-purple. May. l. about six in a tuft, glaucous, 15in. to 18in. long, 1in. to 1 1/4in. broad. Stems 2ft. high, branched low down, bearing three or four clusters of flowers. Europe, Asia Minor, 1758. (B. M. 187.) I. setosa (bristle-pointed). fl. clustered; limb bright lilac, 2in. to 2 1/2in. deep; falls obovate-unguiculate, 1in. broad, reflexing half-way down; standards oblanceolate-spathulate, erect, 1/2in. long. May. l. thin, basal ones 1ft. or more long, about 1/2in. broad. Stems 2ft. to 3ft. high, rather stout, branched low down. Eastern Siberia to Japan, 1844. A rare and handsome species, not unlike I. sibirica. SYN. I. brachycuspis (under which name it is figured in B. M. 2326).

I. sibirica (Siberian).* fl. two or three in a cluster; limb bright lilac-blue, 1 1/2in. to 2in. deep; falls with an oblong blade, 3/4in. to 1in. broad, much veined with bright violet on a light ground; standards rather shorter than the falls, erect, oblanceolate-unguiculate, about 1/2in. broad. May and June. l. linear, five to six in a tuft, greenish, ribbed, 1ft. to 2ft. long. Stem terete, fistulose, 1ft. to 2 1/2ft. high, simple or forked. Central and Southern Europe to Siberia, 1596. A well-known species, and one of the commonest in cultivation. It requires plenty of sunshine and a rich damp soil to bring its beauty to full perfection. The forms of it are numerous, and varied in colouring. The variety with double flowers is not a handsome plant. (B. M. 60.) I. speculatrix (watcher). fl. limb lilac, the divisions sub-equal, obovate, emarginate at the apex; the reflexing lamina of the falls half as long as the claw, which is spotted with violet and white at the throat, and furnished for its lower two-thirds with a simple yellow crest with purple spots; standards erect and plain lilac. April. l. linear, strongly ribbed, acute, minutely toothed, and hyaline at the edge. Stems under 1ft. high, bracteated by several reduced leaves. Greenhouse. Hong Kong, 1876. (B. M. 6306.) I. spuria (spurious). fl. in sessile or nearly sessile clusters; limb bright lilac, 1 1/2in. to 2in. long falls with a round blade under 1in. broad, hardly at all deflexed, furnished with a bright yellow keel beginning at the base of the limb and running down the claw, which is faintly streaked with purple on a white ground; standards oblanceolate, shorter than the falls, bright lilac.