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Narcissus (Old Greek name used)

(the old Greek name used by Hippocrates, connected with a mythological story). Including Ajax, Corbularia, Ganymedes, and Jonquilla. ORD. Amaryllideae. A genus of very popular, usually hardy, ornamental bulbous plants, of which probably not more than a score are entitled to specific rank. The genus is confined to Europe, North Africa, and North and West Asia. Flowers white or yellow, solitary or umbellate, drooping or inclined; spathe membranous; perianth tubular below, segments spreading, mouth surmounted by a circular corona or crown; stamens inserted in the tube, included within the crown; filaments free or adnate to the tube; scape compressed. Leaves linear (Rush-like) or strap-shaped.

Mr. Baker's grouping of the species and varieties, and of the known or presumed hybrids, as published in the "Gardener's Chronicle," 1884, is given below, with a few varieties added. In Series I., the names printed in the first left-hand column, in small capitals, represent the sub-genera, those in the second, in italics, indicate the admitted species; the third column contains the sub-species, and the fourth the varieties as understood botanically. In Series II., the first column of names represents what are regarded as primary types; those in the second are regarded as secondary types.

Series I. Genuine Species and their Varieties. MAGNICORONATI. Crown, or trumpet, as long as, or rather longer than, the divisions of the perianth. I. CORBULARIA- N. Bulbocodium citrinus conspicuus tenuifolius Graellsii monophyllus nivalis II. AJAX-- N. Pseudo-Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus proper the Wild Daffodil of England abscissus (muticus) cambricus connecting links between Pseudo-Narcissus and major lobularis connecting links between Pseudo-Narcissus and major princeps connecting links between Pseudo-Narcissus and major Telamonius connecting links between Pseudo-Narcissus and major Variiformis connecting links between Pseudo-Narcissus and major bicolor lorifolius connecting links between Pseudo-Narcissus and bicolor rugilobus connecting links between Pseudo-Narcissus and bicolor major maximus obvallaris pallidus praecox propinquus spurius minor minimus nanus pumilus moschatus albicans cernuus tortuosus MEDIOCORONATI. Crown, or cup, half as long as the divisions of the perianth, but, in one or two cases, three-quarters as long. III. GANYMEDES-- N. calathinus N. triandrus cernuus concolor nutans pulchellus IV. QUELTIA-- N. incomparabilis albidus aurantius N. odorus (calathinus, Hort.) laetus minor (pseudo-juncifolius) rugulosus N. juncifolius apodanthus rupicolus PARVICORONATI. Crown less than half as long as the divisions of the perianth. V. HERMIONE-- N. Jonquilla N. Tazetta aureus canariensis chrysanthus Bertolonii dubius intermedius bicrenatus bifrons primulinus radiatus italicus Luna Barlae mediterraneus ganymedoides ochroleucus orientalis pachybulbus Panizzianus papyraceus (unicolor, niveus) polyanthos N. viridiflorus autumn flowerers N. serotinus autumn flowerers Elegans autumn flowerers Obsoletus autumn flowerers VI. EUNARCISSUS-- N. poeticus majalis patellaris poetarum recurvus stellaris radiiflorus (angustifolius, Ait.) verbanensis VII. AURELIA-- N. Broussonetii [Five of the preceding thirteen species are, practically speaking, out of court as garden plants.] Series II. Hybrids, Known or Presumed. MEDIOCORONATI. 1. Humei (Hume's hybrid): incomparabilis x Pseudo-Narcissus albidus concolor 2. Backhousei (Backhouse's hybrid) 3. Macleai (MacLeay's hybrid): Pseudo-Narcissus x Tazetta Bernardi Nelsoni Sabini tridymus 4. Leedsii (Leeds' hybrid): montanus x Pseudo-Narcissus 5. Barrii (Barr's hybrid): poeticus x Pseudo-Narcissus 6. poculiformis=montanus (Salisbury's hybrid):? papyraceus x moschatus Dr. Masters galanthifolius PARVICORONATI. 7. gracilis: juncifolius x Tazetta tenuior 8. Burbidgei (Burbidge's hybrid): superpoeticus x Pseudo-Narcissus 9. biflorus:? poeticus x Tazetta albus [Nos. 3, 6, 7, 9, are old, the others recent.] Culture. The numerous and very beautiful species and varieties of Narcissus are amongst the most popular and largely cultivated of spring-flowering bulbs. The majority are extremely accommodating, as they thrive in almost any soil and situation, and may be left alone for several years after once being planted. A rather deep and somewhat stiff soil is, however, that in which the bulbs succeed best; and if the position is one partially shaded from hot sunshine in spring, the flowers of some of the species retain their beauty for a much longer period than they would if exposed to all the light and sunshine possible. Narcissi are well adapted for planting by the sides of lakes or ponds and in mixed flower or shrubbery borders. They are also suitable for naturalising in any quantity, in the grass, by the sides of woodland walks, in open spaces between trees or shrubs, and in any other position where the flowers may be readily seen on their appearance in spring. The foliage should not be cut off when green, but allowed to die naturally each year, and then be removed. Transplanting, or any division of the bulbs, is best performed during the months of July and August--the season when, according to Mr. Burbidge, they are usually dormant, and quite free from roots. Mr. Barr's experience is that new roots are made simultaneously with the dying of the old ones, and this in July or August. If this operation be deferred until later in autumn, more or less injury or check to the new growth must take place. The usual mode of propagation is by offsets, which should be collected from the parent bulbs, and planted out separately, for a year, in order that they may grow sufficiently large for flowering. The majority of the species increase somewhat freely by this method, and permanent clumps or collections may be lifted at the season above named, and their offsets removed, should there be a danger of injury, caused by the flowering bulbs being overcrowded, arising from their multiplying. The process of raising plants from seed is a slow one, but still it may be practised with a view to obtaining new varieties. Seeds should be sown, soon after being collected, in pans of sandy and rather loamy soil. Young bulbs should be planted in a prepared border; a two-yearold bulb would not be much thicker than a corn straw, and would not want more than 1/2in. or 1in. space; afterwards, when it becomes necessary, more room should be allowed. Seedling bulbs are not usually at their best the first year of flowering; consequently, their merits should not be too hastily judged. An annual top-dressing of loam and decayed manure may be applied with material advantage to all Narcissi when the dead foliage is removed. Pot Culture, Forcing, &c. Varieties of Polyanthus Narcissi are very extensively cultivated in pots for greenhouse decoration, and for the use of their highly fragrant flowers in a cut state. Every sort that can be obtained, either with single or double flowers, is well worth growing in pots, and all are suitable for planting outside as well. Early Paper White and Double Roman are two excellent forcing varieties, which may be had in flower from November onwards, till spring, by potting successionally, and forcing very gradually. Double and single sweet-scented Jonquils (N. Jonquilla) are very fragrant when in flower, and are well adapted for pot culture, as are also N. poeticus, and its finely-formed variety, ornatus. The Hoop Petticoat Narcissus (N. Bulbocodium) thrives admirably in 5in. pots, with three to six bulbs in each, or in small pans, if kept in a cold frame, in winter, and allowed to grow and flower without artificial heat. The varieties of the sections Ajax and Queltia, and, indeed, all Narcissi, are now being largely grown in pots. The Triandrus varieties, grown in pots, are perfect gems. All the above-named succeed in the same sort of soil and under similar treatment to that given to Hyacinth bulbs (see Hyacinthus). The Paper White and Double Roman varieties may be forwarded, in heat, when their flower scapes can be seen; all the others are best if grown throughout in a cool frame. N. abscissus (cut off). A form of N. Pseudo-Narcissus. N. albicans (whitish). A form of N. Pseudo-Narcissus moschatus. N. albus (white). A form of N. biflorus.

N. angustifolius (narrow-leaved). A synonym of N. poeticus radiiflorus. N. Barlae (Barla's). A form of N. Tazetta Luna.

N. Bertolonii (Bertoloni's). A form of N. Tazetta chrysanthus. N. bicrenatus (twice-crenate). A form of N. Tazetta intermedius. N. biflorus (two-flowered).* fl. from fifteen to eighteen lines across when expanded; tube about 1in. long, exclusive of the ovary; divisions milk-white, spreading horizontally when expanded, 3/4in. to 7/8in. long, 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad, obovate, much imbricated, blunt or cuspidate; crown one to one and a-half lines deep, less spreading than its close ally, N. poeticus, yellow, about 1/4in. across, the edge conspicuously crispato-crenulate; scape with two salient edges, bearing typically two, rarely one or three, flowers. May. l. about four to a scape, 3/8in. to 1/2in. broad, slightly glaucous, flattish, bluntly keeled, often more than 1ft. long. Bulb ovoid, more than 1in. thick. Europe (naturalised in Britain). Supposed to be a hybrid between N. poeticus and N. Tazetta. (B. M. 197; N. 41.) albus is a white-flowered form. N. bifrons (two-faced). A form of N. Tazetta intermedius. N. Broussonetii (Broussonet's). fl. greenish at the base, white upwards, with the tube eight or nine lines long, exclusive of the ovary, under one line thick; divisions of the limb sub-campanulately erecto-patent, pure white, oblong-lanceolate, about 1/2in. long by 1/4in. broad, narrowed suddenly to a bluntish point; crown almost entirely confluent with the apex of the tube; scape about 1ft. high, from four to eight-flowered. Spring. l. about four to a scape, four to six lines broad, usually equalling the scape. Bulb ovoid, as large as a hen's egg. Mogadore. (N. 47.) N. Bulbocodium (Bulbocodium).* Hoop Petticoat. fl. bright yellow; perianth gradually widened from the ovary to the mouth of the crown, eighteen to twenty-one lines deep, exclusive of the ovary; tube and crown very nearly equal in depth, the latter scarcely at all crisped, and very indistinctly toothed at the throat; divisions of the limb ascending, linear, from one to three lines broad at the base, narrowed gradually from the base to an acute point; scape 4in. to 8in. high, slender, terete, one-flowered, flower either ascending or horizontal. April and May. l. two or three to a scape, sub-terete, 4in. to 8in. long, not more than one line broad. Bulb ovoid, 1/2in. to 3/4in. thick. South-west Europe, North Africa, &c., 1629. (N. 1.) N. B. citrinus (citron). This only differs from the type in its somewhat larger beautiful sulphur-yellow flowers.

N. B. conspicuus (conspicuous). A robust form, with a slightly expanded corona and exserted style. SYN. N. conspicuus. (S. B. F. G. ser. ii. 326.) N. B. Graellsii (Graells'). fl., perianth 1in. long, above the ovary; divisions sub-patent, with a brown keel, which is decurrent to the base of the tube; scape 4in. to 6in. long. l. two or three. (B. M. 6473B, under name of N. Graellsii.) N. B. monophyllus (one-leaved).* fl., perianth and corona nearly white; style exserted. l. very slender, usually solitary. Algeria. (B. M. 5831; N. 33B.) N. B. nivalis (snowy). fl., perianth not more than eight to nine lines long above the ovary; divisions of the limb as long as the corona; scape 2in. to 4in. high. l. two or three.

N. B. tenuifolius (slender-leaved). A slender form, with erect, shining leaves, a distinctly exserted style, and a distinctly lobed corona. (S. B. F. G. 114.) N. calathinus (cup-like).* fl. fourteen to fifteen lines long, exclusive of the ovary; tube 1/2in. long, less than one line thick in the lower half, the same colour as the rest of the flower; divisions of the limb oblong-lanceolate, bluntish or sub-acute, four to four and a-half lines broad at the base, decidedly reflexed when the flower is fully expanded, white, or a very pale sulphur-yellow; crown the same colour as the divisions, and the same length; throat erecto-patent, scarcely at all plicate, with six shallow, rounded, sub-entire lobes; scape 8in. to 12in. high, very slender, terete, one or two flowers to a stem, on pedicels nine to fifteen lines long. l. generally two to a scape, very slender, green, one and a-half to two lines broad, concave. Bulb ovoid, not more than 1/2in. thick. Brittany. (N. 14.) The name reflexus has been indiscriminately applied to both this species and N. triandrus; the latter has always the perianth longer than the cup, whilst in calathinus the perianth and cup are equal in length. N. cambricus (Cambrian). A form of N. Pseudo-Narcissus. N. cernuus (drooping). A form of N. Pseudo-Narcissus moschatus. N. conspicuus (conspicuous). A synonym of N. Bulbocodium conspicuus. N. Cypri (Cyprian). A synonym of N. Tazetta.

N. deficiens (deficient). A synonym of N. serotinus. N. dubius (doubtful). A synonym of N. Tazetta dubius. N. Gouani (Gouan's). A synonym of N. incomparabilis. N. gracilis (slender). fl. pale sulphur-yellow, 1 1/2in. to 2in. broad when expanded, usually one or two, rarely three; tube twelve to fourteen lines long, exclusive of the ovary, about one line thick; divisions obovate-cuspidate, spreading horizontally, 3/8in. to 1/2in. broad; crown two to two and a-half lines deep, cup-shaped, 3/8in. broad at the mouth, slightly plicate and crenulate, uniform in texture, a rather deeper yellow than the divisions; scape slightly compressed and two-edged, 1ft. high. April. l. four to six to a scape, very convex on the back, not more than three lines broad. Bulb ovoid, 1in. or more thick. Native country unknown. A hybrid between N. juncifolius and N. Tazetta. (B. R. 816.) SYN. N. tenuior (B. M. 379; N. 37). N. Graellsii (Graells'). A synonym of N. Bulbocodium Graellsii. N. incomparabilis (incomparable).* fl. always solitary, 2 1/4in. to 2 1/2in. broad when expanded; tube nearly or quite 1in. deep, cylindrical, one and a-half to two lines thick at the middle, three lines at the throat; divisions spreading, slightly imbricated, 1in. long, generally a rather paler yellow than the crown, oblong-lanceolate, six to eight lines broad; crown six to seven lines deep, orange-yellow, nearly erect, much plaited at the throat, and furnished with six deep imbricated lobes, the mouth eight to nine lines across. March and April. l. three or four to a scape, about 1ft. long, bluntly keeled. about 1/2in. broad, slightly glaucous. Bulb ovoid, 1in. to 1 1/2in. thick. Europe, &c. (naturalised in Britain), 1629. (B. M. 121; N. 18-21.) N. i. albidus (white). fl., crown yellow, but the divisions a very pale sulphur-yellow or milk-white. The double form is the Orange Phoenix of gardens.

N. i. aurantius (orange).* A robust form, with the crown orange, but the divisions a pale (sulphur) yellow. SYNS. N. aurantius, N. Gouani. Double forms of this are the Butter-and-Eggs and Nonpareil of gardens, which sometimes produce flowers 3in. across.

N. intermedius (intermediate). A synonym of N. Tazetta intermedius. N. italicus (Italian). A synonym of N. Tazetta italicus. N. Jonquilla.* Jonquil. fl. bright yellow, very fragrant; tube ten to eleven lines long, exclusive of the ovary; divisions of the limb spreading horizontally when fully expanded, 3/8in. to 1/2in. long, slightly imbricated, oblanceolate or obovate-cuspidate; crown saucer-shaped, not more than one line deep, the edge faintly crenulate, about 3/8in. across; scape equalling or shorter than the leaves, slender, sub-terete, two to six-flowered. April. l. one or two to a scape, 8in. to 12in. long, semi-cylindrical, channelled down to face. Bulb ovoid, under 1in. thick. Spain, &c., 1596. (B. M. 15; N. 40.) A double form of this species is known as Queen Anne's Jonquil. N. juncifolius (Rush-leaved). fl. one or two, rarely three, nearly sessile in the spathes, or elevated on pedicels 1/2in. to 1in. long, tube seven to nine lines long, very slender, cylindrical, scarcely more than half a line thick; divisions bright yellow, patent, obovate, 3/8in. to 1/2in. long, 1/4in. broad, cuspidate, decidedly imbricated; crown same colour as the divisions, obconical, faintly crenulate, two and a-half to three lines deep, four and a-half to five lines in diameter at the mouth; scape scarcely exceeding the leaves, very slender, and not at all two-edged. April. l. three or four to a scape, quite cylindrical, and Rush-like in shape, 4in. to 6in. long. Bulb ovoid, about 1/2in. thick. Spain and South France. (N. 27.) N. j. apodanthus (stalkless-flowered). fl., corona deeply six-lobed. l. rather glaucescent.

N. j. rupicolus (rock-loving). fl., corona orange-yellow, cupshaped, less than half as long as the perianth segments. (B. M. 6473c, under name of N. rupicola.) N. lobularis (small-lobed). A form of N. Pseudo-Narcissus. N. lorifolius (strap-leaved). A form of N. Pseudo-Narcissus bicolor. N. Macleai (MacLeay's).* fl. ascending as in the Daffodil, fifteen to sixteen lines deep, exclusive of the ovary; tube cylindrical, seven to eight lines long, 1/8in. thick, white, tinged downwards with green; divisions milk-white, spreading at a right angle from the base of the crown, oblong-lanceolate, much-imbricated, eight to nine lines long, four and a-half to six lines broad, bluntish or sub-acute; crown five to six lines deep, bright yellow, very slightly plicate, 1/2in. broad at the mouth, slightly lobed; scape about 1ft. high, sub-compressed and slightly two-edged, one or rarely two-flowered. April. l. five or six to a scape, 8in. to 10in. high, 1/2in. broad, concave on the face. Bulb 1in. or more thick. Native country uncertain. A hybrid between N. Pseudo-Narcissus and N. Tazetta. (B. M. 2588; B. R. 987; N. 17.) N. maximus (greatest). A form of N. Pseudo-Narcissus major. N. minimus (smallest). A form of N. Pseudo-Narcissus minor. N. montanus (mountain). A synonym of N. poculiformis. N. nanus (dwarf). A form of N. Pseudo-Narcissus minor. N. obsoletus (obsolete). A form of N. serotinus elegans. N. obvallaris (trenched-round). A form of N. Pseudo-Narcissus major. N. odorus (fragrant). fl. slightly fragrant, horizontal or ascending; perianth bright yellow, fifteen to twenty-one lines deep, exclusive of the ovary; tube six to nine lines long, 1/8in. thick in the lower part, but wider at the throat; divisions nine to twelve lines long, oblong-lanceolate, acute, very slightly paler than the corona, a fresh bright yellow, five to eight lines broad in the middle, usually imbricated for the lower half or third; crown five or six lines deep, plaited; throat sub-erect, more or less distinctly six-lobed, about 1/2in. across; scape 12in. to 15in. high, scarcely at all compressed or two-edged, generally two-flowered. April. l. three or four to a scape, nearly 1ft. long, two and a-half to three lines broad, very concave on the face, and convex on the back. Bulb ovoid, twelve to fifteen lines thick. Spain. (N. 23.) This species has several names, which are now all but obsolete (figured as N. calathinus in B. M. 934).

N. o. laetus (joyful). fl. smaller, and divisions shorter and blunter than in the type, scarcely more than half as long again as the crown. (B. M. 78, under name of N. odorus.) N. o. minor (lesser). fl., perianth and cup full yellow. A dwarf form. SYN. N. pseudo-juncifolius.

N. o. rugulosus (slightly wrinkled). fl., perianth broad, imbricated; cup full yellow.

N. orientalis (Eastern). A synonym of N. Tazetta orientalis. N. pachybulbus (thick-bulbed). A synonym of N. Tazetta pachybulbus. N. pallidulus (palish). A synonym of N. triandrus.

N. pallidus praecox (palish, early). A form of N. Pseudo-Narcissus major. N. papyraceus (paper). A synonym of N. Tazetta papyraceus. N. poculiformis (cup-like). fl. pure white, cernuous, odorous, eighteen to twenty-one lines long above the ovary; tube cylindrical, shorter than the divisions, line thicker in the lower half; divisions 1in. long, oblong-lanceolate, acute, often slightly twisted, 1/8in. to 1/2in. broad at the middle; crown same colour as the rest of the flower, 1/2in. deep, moderately plicate and crenulate at the throat; scape 1ft. high, with one or two flowers. April. l. four or five to a scape, flattish, about 1/4in. broad. Bulb 1in. thick. Probably a hybrid between N. Tazetta papyraceus and N. Pseudo-Narcissus moschatus. SYN. N. montanus (B. R. 123). (N. 16.) N. poeticus.* Poet's Narcissus. fl. from 1 3/4in. to 2in. across when expanded, with a distinct and agreeable odour; tube white, about 1in. long above the ovary; divisions a pure snow-white, obovate, blunt, or cuspidate, slightly imbricated, 1/2in. to 3/4in., or sometimes, in cultivation, even 1in. broad; crown one to one and a half lines deep, saucer-shaped, very much crisped, with a bright scarlet edge, the mouth four to five lines across; scape 1ft. or more high, compressed, and two-edged, one, or very rarely two-flowered. April. l. three or four to a scape, flat, with a blunt keel, glaucescent, often 1ft. or more long, 3/8in. to 1/2in. broad. Bulb ovoid, about 1in. thick. South Europe. A well-known plant. The principal varieties are as follows:

N. p. majalis (May). fl., divisions of the perianth pure white, well-formed and generally flat; cup edged with saffron.

N. p. patellaris (broad-petalled). fl., perianth pure white, flat, finely formed; cup large, edged with saffron. l. erect.

N. p. poetarum (poet's). An early form, with the expanded flower 2 1/2in., or even 3in. across, and much-imbricated divisions. It is sometimes known as N. p. grandiflorus.

N. p. radiiflorus (ray-flowered). A more slender plant than he type, with narrower leaves, and obovate divisions of the limb of the flower so much narrowed downwards that they are not at all imbricated in the expanded flower, and also more narrowed at the point; crown rather narrower, and, consequently more erect. Flowers at least a fortnight earlier than the type. SYN. N. angustifolius. (B. M. 193.) N. p. recurvus (recurved). A late-flowering form, with weak recurved leaves, and the divisions of the limb reflexed and crisped towards the edge. (N. 42A; S. B. F. G. ser. ii 188, under name of N. recurvus.) N. p. stellaris (star-shaped). A late-flowering form, with the divisions of the limb, as in the variety radiiflorus, narrowed at the base, and not imbricated. (N. 42c; S. B. F. G. ser. ii. 132, under name of N. stellaris.) N. p. verbanensis (Lago Maggiore). A very slender, late variety, with oblanceolate much-reflexed divisions (eight to nine lines long), which are yellowish at the base.

N. primulinus (rather early). A form of N. Tazetta intermedius. N. princeps (princely). A form of N. Pseudo-Narcissus. N. propinquus (related). A form of N. Pseudo-Narcissus major. N. pseudo-juncifolius (Rush-leaved). A synonym of N. odorus minor. N. Pseudo-Narcissus (bastard Narcissus).* Daffodil. fl. solitary, nearly sessile; perianth eighteen to twenty lines long above the ovary, the obconical tube about 1/2in. deep; divisions of the limb more or less ascending, sulphur-yellow, paler than the crown, oblong-lanceolate, nine to ten lines long, five to six lines broad at the base; crown just equalling the divisions, but deeper and more orange-yellow in colour; the mouth about 1in. across, slightly plicate and inciso-crenate; scape about 1ft. high, with two prominent edges. Early in March. l. five or six to a scape, glaucous, erect, flattish upwards, equalling, or, rather, shorter than the scape at the time of flowering. Bulb ovoid, 1in. to 1 1/2in. thick. Europe (Britain), &c. (N. 3.) Of this, the Daffodil, there are five well-marked varieties (N. 4-13), which were known to, and described and named by, Linnaeus, and which keep up their characters well enough under cultivation to stand as species for garden purposes. abscissus (muticus) is a variable form, with sulphur perianth and rich yellow trumpet. cambricus has sulphur-white perianth and yellow trumpet. lobularis, a dwarf form, has pale sulphur perianth and yellow trumpet. princeps has a sulphur-white perianth and yellow trumpet; flower very large and showy. Telamonius, the finest of this sub-group, has large, spreading, light yellow perianth, with channelled divisions, and large, handsome, yellow trumpet. variiformis, perianth ranging from white to primrose; trumpet from sulphur to deep yellow, the brim elegantly recurved. N. P.-N. bicolor (two-coloured). Stature of the type, and the flower the same size, but the corona a full bright yellow, forming a conspicuous contrast with the very pale sulphur-yellow divisions of the limb. This is also known as Ajax bicolor. (B. M. 1187; N. 6.) The form lorifolius has a decidedly six-angled cup. rugilobus has a primrose-coloured perianth and yellow cup. N. P.-N. major (greater). Larger in all its parts than the type; the leaves six to eight lines broad, the flower 2in. to 2 1/4in. long above the ovary; the divisions of the limb twice as long as the broadly obconical tube, the same colour as the crown, which slightly exceeds them, and spreads much more at the throat. (B. M. 51; N. 4.) The following are sub-varieties: maximus, with a greenish-yellow perianth, the tube of which is very short (S. B. F. G. ser. ii. 286, under name of N. maximus). obvallaris (Tenby Daffodil), perianth lighter yellow than the trumpet; the flower is of medium size: a remarkable variety, distinct from all others (B. M. 1301, under name of N. major). pallidus praecox, variable in shade of colour and size of flower; perianth and trumpet sulphur-white; the earliest and most beautiful of all Daffodils; it is a native of the French side of the Pyrenees. propinquus differs from major principally in the bluer green of the foliage and larger size of the flower. spurius is a very distinct, almost self-yellow form, with broad, imbricated hooded perianth, lying forward on a large expanded trumpet. N. P.-N. minor (smaller). Smaller in all its parts than the type; the whole plant when cultivated not above 6in. or 8in. high; the leaves 1/4in. broad, often only 3in. or 4in. long; the flower 1in. to 4in. long, exclusive of the ovary; the crown the same colour as the divisions, and slightly exceeding them; divisions 1/4in. broad at the base. (N. 5.) Mr. Baker refers the following to this as sub-varieties: minimus, a very small form, shown at Fig. 645 (B. M. 6, under name of N. minor); nanus, with flowers intermediate in size between those of minor and minimus; and pumilus, with perianth segments about the length of the crown (S. B. F. G. ser. ii. 143, under name of Ajax pumilus).

N. P.-N. moschatus (musky). fl. at first a very pale sulphur-yellow, finally nearly white, large or middle-sized, the divisions narrower and more lanceolate than in the type, the crown the same colour as the rest of the flower, equalling or slightly exceeding the divisions (B. M. 1300; N. 7.) The following are simply pale-flowered form of the common Daffodil: albicans cernuus and tortuosus (B. M. 924, under name of N. moschatus). N. pumilus (dwarf). A form of N. Pseudo-Narcissus minor. N. radiatus (rayed). A form of N. Tazetta intermedius. N. recurvus (recurved). A synonym of N. poeticus recurvus. N. rugilobus (wrinkled-lobed). A form of N. Pseudo-Narcissus bicolor. N. rupicola (rock-loving). A synonym of N. juncifolius rupicolus. N. serotinus (late-flowering). fl. usually solitary, rarely two together; tube, segments, and crown like those of N. elegans; scape very slender, under 1ft. high. September. l. solitary or two together, filiform, sub-terete, usually not appearing till the scape dies down. Bulb sub-globose, six to nine lines thick. South Europe, North Africa, Asia Minor. (N. 46.) SYN. N. deficiens (B. R. xxxiii. 22).

N. s. elegans (elegant). fl. usually from two to four; tube seven to eight lines long, under one line thick, greenish-white; divisions of the limb pure white, linear, very acute, six to eight lines long; crown yellowish, saucer-shaped, under one line deep, entire, or slightly crenulate; scape slender, flaccid, 6in. to 12in. long. September and October. l. one, or rarely two, flattish, channelled, one line or less broad, equalling or exceeding the scape. Bulb roundish, 1in. or less thick. Italy, Sicily, Algiers. (N. 45.) obsoletus is another form of this rare species, in which the corona is very minute.

N. spurius (spurious). A form of N. Pseudo-Narcissus major. N. stellaris (star-shaped). A synonym of N. poeticus stellaris. N. Tazetta (Tazetta).* Polyanthus Narcissus. fl. fragrant, from 1in. to 1 1/4in. across when expanded, usually four to eight; tube about 3/4in. long above the ovary; divisions of the perianth white, rather shorter than the tube, the alternate ones frequently narrower, all much imbricated, bluntish or cuspidate, four to five lines broad, spreading horizontally when fully expanded, or slightly reflexed; crown uniform bright yellow, two and a-half to three lines deep, the edge sub-entire or slightly crenulate or lobed. March. l. four to six to a scape, glaucescent, flattish, bluntly keeled on the back. Bulb 1 1/2in. to 2in. thick, copiously tunicated with brown membranous coats. Europe. A well-known and widely-distributed species. SYN. N. Cypri. (N. 29-34.) N. T. aureus (golden). fl. when expanded 1in. to 1 1/4in. across; divisions bright yellow, 1/2in. to 5/8in. long, four to five lines broad, bluntish, and much imbricated; crown sub-entire, about one-third the length of the divisions, a deep orange-yellow; tube exceeding the limb. (B. M. 925, under name of N. Tazetta.) N. T. canariensis (Canary Islands). fl., crown scarcely more than one line long; tube extremely slender, 3/4in. long, swelling where it joins the limb; scape slender, bearing a seven-flowered umbel. l. scarcely more than 1/3in. wide.

N. T. chrysanthus (golden-flowered). fl. about 1in. across; divisions of the limb imbricated, narrowed to a point, lemon-yellow; crown sub-entire, golden-yellow, about two lines deep. scape six to ten-flowered. The form Bertolonii resembles N. T. papyraceus, but has smaller flowers and shorter perianth lobes.

N. T. dubius (doubtful). fl. two to six, six to nine lines across when expanded; tube cylindrical, pure white, five to six lines long, about one line thick; divisions pure white, ovate-oblong, three lines long, two and a-half lines broad, imbricated, patent or slightly reflexed, sub-obtuse or cuspidate; crown pure white, obconical, 1/8in. deep, slightly crisped, and crenulate at the throat, which is not more than three lines across; scape 6in. to 9in. long, slender, decidedly compressed and two-edged. l. four to six to a scape, concave on the face, 5in. to 6in. long, one and a-half to three lines broad. Bulb ovoid, nine to twelve lines thick. South France, &c. (N. 28, and Fl. Ment. 71, under name of N. dubius.) N. T. intermedius (intermediate). fl. from twelve to fifteen lines across when expanded, the divisions obovate-cuspidate, lemon-yellow, five to seven lines long, four to four and a-half lines broad, much imbricated; crown two to two and a-half lines deep, slightly deeper in colour than the divisions, the edge a little plaited and crenulate; scape 1ft. or rather more high, sub-terete, from two to five-flowered. l. three or four to a scape, sub-cylindrical, from two and a-half to three lines broad. Bulb ovoid, 1in. or more thick. Spain, &c. (Fl. Ment. 41, under name of N. intermedius.) To this the following sub-varieties are referred by Mr. Baker: bifrons, with narrow lobes and a deep crown; bicrenatus and primulinus, with broader, much imbricated lobes, and a shallower, more open, crown: radiatus, with oblong-lanceolate, less imbricated divisions, and a six-lobed crown (N. 38).

N. T. italicus (Italian). fl., scape slender, distinctly two-edged, producing from six to ten flowers, which are from 1 1/2in. to 2in. across when expanded; divisions eight to ten lines long, about equalling the tube, narrowed gradually to a point, slightly imbricated, pale lemon-coloured; crown sulphur-yellow, two to two and a-half lines deep, distinctly six-lobed. SYN. N. italicus. (B. M. 1188.) N. T. Luna (Luna). fl. fewer than in N. T. papyraceus, about 1in. broad when expanded, with oblong, much-imbricated lobes. Barlae is a slight form from Italy.

N. T. mediterraneus (Mediterranean). This differs from the type by the narrower divisions of the flower, which are not more than 1/4in. broad, not at all imbricated, and more lengthened out at the point. ganymedoides is a sub-variety with the divisions slightly reflexed.

N. T. ochroleucus (yellowish-white). fl. when expanded 1in. to 1 1/4in. across; divisions milk-white, 1/2in. broad, much imbricated; crown citron-yellow, with a sub-entire edge, nearly half as long as the divisions. l. greener, and more convex on the back, and stem more nearly terete than in the variety polyanthos. SYN. Hermione tereticaulis. (S. B. F. G. ser. ii. 179.) N. T. orientalis (Oriental). This differs from the type in its crown, which is more manifestly trilobate, more crenulate, and patent. (B. M. 940, under name of N. orientalis alfa.) N. T. pachybulbus (thick-bulbed). fl. pure white, six to seven lines across; tube 1/2in. long above the ovary, the segments of the limb not more than 1/4in. long, roundish, much imbricated, cuspidate; crown not more than one line deep, sub-entire; scape under 1ft. high, compressed and ancipitous, five to eight-flowered. l. four or five to a scape, glaucescent, about 1/4in. broad, flattish. Bulb ovoid, 2in. or more thick. Algeria. (N. 39, under name of N. pachybulbus.) N. T. Panizzianus (Panizzi's). fl., when expanded, nine to ten lines across; crown sub-entire, pure white. A small form, closely allied to the variety papyraceus, but more slender, and smaller in all its parts. (N. 36.) N. T. papyraceus.* Paper-white Narcissus. fl. when expanded 1 1/4in. to 1 1/2in. across; tube greenish-white, eight to nine lines long above the ovary; divisions pure white, three to four lines broad, generally narrowed gradually to a point, and moderately imbricated; crown two to two and a-half lines deep, with a crenulate edge. l. glaucescent, 1/2in. to 5/8in. broad. Stem ancipitous. SYN. N. papyraceus. (N. 35.) N. T. polyanthos (many-flowered). fl. from eight to twenty, 1in. to 1 1/4in. across when fully expanded; divisions pure white, four or five lines broad, imbricated, bluntish or cuspidate, equalling or shorter than the tube; crown about one-third as long as the divisions, at first a very pale yellow, finally becoming nearly the same colour as the divisions, slightly plicate, the edge sub-entire.

N. Tazetta (Tazetta), of Gawler. A synonym of N. T. aureus. N. Telamonius (Telamonius). A form of N. Pseudo-Narcissus. N. tenuior (slenderer). A synonym of N. gracilis.

N. tortuosus (twisted). A form of N. Pseudo-Narcissus moschatus. N. triandrus (three-stamened).* fl. horizontal or cernuous, measuring from nine to ten lines from the top of the ovary to the top of the crown; tube cylindrical, under half a line thick in the lower half, pure white, like the reflexed divisions of the limb, which just equal it in length, and are lanceolate, acute, one and a-half to two lines broad at the base; crown pure white, obconical, two and a-half to three lines deep, erecto-patent and entire at the throat; scape very slender, 6in. to 12in. long, one or two-flowered. April. l. very slender, semi-cylindrical, 6in. to 8in. long, three to four to a scape, under one line broad. Bulb not more than 1/2in. thick. Spain. SYN. N. pallidulus. (B. M. 6478; N. 15.) The following are some of the better-known varieties of this species:

N. t. cernuus (drooping). fl. one or two, pale yellow; crown a rather deeper yellow; both divisions and crown rather larger than in the type. SYN. N. triandrus. (B. M. 48.) N. t. concolor (one-coloured). fl. two to four; divisions and crown pale yellow, the same size as in the type. SYN. Ganymedes concolor. (S. B. F. G. ser. ii. 113.) N. t. luteus (yellow). A synonym of N. t. pulchellus. N. t. nutans (nodding). fl. two or three; crown a deeper yellow than the divisions, crenulate. SYN. N. trilobus. (B. M. 945.) N. t. pulchellus (pretty). fl. three to four; corona white; divisions bright yellow. SYNS. N. t. luteus (B. M. 1262) and Ganymedes pulchellus (S. B. F. G. ser. ii. 99).

N. triandrus (three-stamened), of Curtis. A synonym of N. t. cernuus. N. trilobus (three-lobed). A synonym of N. triandrus nutans. N. variiformis (variously-formed). A form of N. Pseudo-Narcissus. N. viridiflorus (green-flowered). fl. with a Jonquil-like odour; tube seven to eight lines long; divisions slightly shorter, greenish, linear, very acute, spreading horizontally, not more than one line broad in the lower part; crown very minute, with six roundish, sub-marginate lobes; scape slender, one to four-flowered. Autumn. l. solitary or in twos, slender, terete, fistulose, about 1ft. long. Bulb small, globose. Spain, 1629. (B. M. 1687; N. 44.) Garden Varieties. Very few of the numerous varieties of Narcissus may be considered unworthy of cultivation. Many of the Narcissi may be employed for naturalising, and for shrubbery border decoration, when they can be procured in quantity at a cheap rate. Subjoined is a list of the best varieties, selected from the different groups and divisions that have been arranged. We are indebted to Mr. Peter Barr for the illustrations here given, as well as for several of those used in the species.

Group I. Magnicoronati (Ajax, or Pseudo-Narcissus).

TRUMPET DAFFODILS--GOLDEN.

Blondin. Perianth yellow, and channelled; trumpet full yellow, and large. Captain Nelson. Perianth rich yellow, and very large; trumpet long, broad, and spreading.

Edith Barber. Perianth full primrose; trumpet yellow. A dwarf grower. Emperor. Perianth deep primrose; trumpet rich full yellow. Very large flower. Hudibras. Perianth yellow, broad, imbricated, and longer than the deep yellow trumpet. Very distinct.

J. G. Baker (volutus). Perianth and trumpet rich primrose. A very distinct variety.

John Nelson. Flower of an almost uniform yellow, drooping, large, rounded. Very distinct.

Major superbus. Perianth broad and firmly set; trumpet large, and gracefully flanged. This is one of the most distinct of Mr. Leeds' yellow Daffodils. M. J. Berkeley. Flower of a uniform rich deep yellow. The largest of all yellow trumpet Daffodils.

Randolph Churchill. Perianth long, and elegantly twisted; trumpet full yellow, long, narrow, and elegantly lobed.

Shirley Hibberd. Trumpet deep yellow, large, expanded, with lighter yellow divisions of perianth slightly twisted. Distinct.

Spurius coronatus. This is remarkable for its large, broad, expanded yellow trumpet, and lighter yellow spreading divisions of perianth. Thomas Moore. Perianth light yellow; trumpet long, narrow, regularly lobed, rich, full yellow. Distinct.

TRUMPET DAFFODILS--TWO-COLOURED.

Dean Herbert. Perianth full primrose, changing to sulphur; trumpet rich yellow. Very large.

Empress. Perianth white, and of great substance; trumpet rich yellow. A very large flower.

Grandis. Perianth pure white, large, and finely imbricated; trumpet full yellow, very large. The finest of the Bicolor varieties. Horsfieldii. Perianth white; trumpet rich yellow. Very large flower. James Walker. Perianth sulphur-white, elegantly imbricated; trumpet large, handsome.

J. B. M. Camm. Perianth white and very graceful; trumpet primrose, elegantly formed. Distinct.

Michael Foster. Perianth sulphur-white, large; trumpet rich yellow, large, thick. Very distinct.

Mrs. J. B. M. Camm. Perianth white, elegant; trumpet sulphur-white. Very graceful and distinct.