Radish
(Raphanus sativus). A hardy annual, cultivated from a very early period, principally for the use of its fleshy roots in salad preparations; the seedpods are also sometimes used for pickling, when they are young and green. Radishes are very popular, and much esteemed for salading, especially in spring and during early summer, when they grow quickly. They are only really tender and fit for eating during a limited period, from the time the roots are large enough to use until the tops form a few rough leaves, and show signs of starting a flower-stem. At this stage, the roots become stringy, and have a hot flavour. The chief point in the culture of Radishes for maintaining a supply is that of sowing a small quantity frequently, to insure a succession. Few plants are more easily grown, or arrive more quickly at a stage ready for use. The early spring supplies are generally grown in frames by themselves, or along with Asparagus or Potatoes that are being forced. A slight bottom heat, from fermenting material, is sufficient to insure germination; afterwards, air must be admitted as the weather permits--a temperature of 50 deg. in the frame is ample. The seeds are generally best sown broadcast, either in frames or the open ground, except those intended for winter consumption, which may be placed in shallow drills, 6in. or 8in. apart. Sowings may be made in warm positions outside early in the year, for the purpose of obtaining crops to be used along with, or independent of, those from frames. From January to April, the young plants will require protection during frosty and any unfavourable weather: this may be afforded by bending sticks over and laying mats upon them. From March onwards, sowings should be made outside about every fortnight, supposing the produce is required: this insures a succession. Radishes succeed in any light soil; it should be dug deeply, and be raked fine on the surface before the seeds are sown. Winter Radishes require to be sown in July or August, and the plants thinned afterwards to about 4in. apart. For summer, a cool, shady position should be selected; a warm, sheltered situation is best suited at all other seasons. Birds are very fond of Radish seed; consequently, it must be protected for a time, wherever sown. Throughout summer, the young plants require frequent waterings: if this is neglected in dry weather, they soon run to seed, and the roots are then of no use.
FUNGI. The Fungi parasitic on Radishes call for but a short notice, since only one or two of them ever do much damage; and all of them grow also on other cultivated Cruciferae, including Cabbages and Turnips. The worst are the White