Scripture
(Matt. xiii. 32). It thrives in well-drained loam, and may be increased by cuttings, inserted in sand, under a glass, in heat. S. indica (Indian). A synonym of S. persica.
S. persica (Persian). Kiknel Oil-plant. fl. white, pedicellate, scattered; panicles 2in. to 5in. long, often very compound, numerous in the upper axils. June. l. ovate or oblong, obtuse, 1 3/4in. long. Arabia, India, &c., 1850. A small, glabrous tree. (B. F. S. 247, under name of S. Wightiana.) SYN. S. indica.
SALVADORACEAE. A small natural order of glabrous or scarcely powdery, unarmed or spiny trees or shrubs, natives of tropical and sub-tropical, mostly Western Asia, Africa, and the Mascarene Islands. Flowers hermaphrodite or dioecious, regular, forming a trichotomously-paniculate inflorescence; calyx free, campanulate or ovoid, three or four-toothed or four-fid; corolla gamopetalous and campanulate, or polypetalous, the lobes or petals four, imbricated in aestivation; stamens four, alternating with the lobes or petals, the filaments filiform or dilated at base; anthers two-celled; panicles short, axillary, often reduced to dense, sessile fascicles. Berries fleshy or sub-drupaceous, indehiscent, usually one-seeded. Leaves opposite, entire. Salvadora persica bears edible berries; the bark of the root contains acrid and vesicant properties, and that of the stem is a tonic. The order comprises three genera--Azima, Dobera, and Salvadora--and only eight or nine species. SALVIA (the old Latin name, used by Pliny, from salveo, to save or heal; indicative of the supposed medicinal qualities of some of the species). Sage. Including Sclarea. ORD. Labiatae. A vast genus (nearly 450 species have been described) of stove, greenhouse, or hardy, annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, sub-shrubs, or shrubs, of variable habit, broadly dispersed over the temperate and warmer regions of the globe. Flowers variable in colour, rarely yellow, mostly showy, sessile or shortly pedicellate; calyx ovoid, tubular, or campanulate, bilabiate, the upper lip entire or with three minute teeth, the lower one bifid; corolla tube included or exserted, equal, swollen, or enlarged above, the limb bilabiate; upper lip erect, concave or arched, entire or scarcely notched; lower one spreading, three-lobed, the middle lobe often notched or divided; perfect stamens two; whorls two to many-flowered, variously spicate, racemose, or paniculate, or rarely all axillary. Nutlets ovoid, triquetrous or slightly compressed, smooth. Leaves entire, toothed, incised, or pinnatisect; floral ones often changed into bracts; cauline ones rarely conformed. A large number of the species have been introduced; a selection of the most desirable kinds is given below. Two species--S. pratensis and S. Verbenaca--are indigenous to Britain. S. officinalis is the well-known common Sage, much used in cooking. Salvias may readily be raised from seeds; when these can be obtained, they should be sown thinly, and placed in a little warmth. Cuttings of the tender species and varieties root very readily in heat, if they are quite soft, and in a growing state. As greenhouse plants for autumn and winter-flowering, some of the Salvias are very showy and useful. Amongst them nay be specially mentioned: S. azurea (var. grandiflora), S. cacalaefolia, S. involucrata (var. Bethellii), S. rutilans, S. splendens (and its variety Bruantii). For spring-flowering, S. boliviana, S. fulgens, and S. gesneraeflora, are amongst the best. S. patens is one of the most distinct and beautiful of deep blue-flowered plants in cultivation, and is equally well suited for greenhouse decoration in summer, or for planting in beds outside, to flower at the same season. Salvias like a rich soil, particularly when grown in pots; loam and manure, in about equal parts, is not too strong for them. The plants may be grown outside during summer, but they must be housed before frost appears, as they cannot withstand severe weather. Salvias are not well adapted for room decoration: under such treatment, their flowers very soon drop. The plants should be propagated, for all purposes, in spring and early summer; and, in most cases, it is advisable to raise some new ones each year. Except where otherwise stated, the species described below are hardy, herbaceous perennials.
S. albo-caerulea (white and blue).* fl., calyx campanulate-tubular, glandular-pubescent; corolla white, the lower lip intense indigo, 1in. or more in length, showy; whorls four to many-flowered; raceme simple, 6in. to 12in. long. Summer. l. petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, long-acuminate, 4in. to 6in. long, crenate-serrate, decurrent into the petioles, nearly glabrous above, softly pubescent beneath. Stems erect. h. 3ft. Mexico. Greenhouse sub-shrub. (F. d. S. 1340; R. G. 221.) S. amarissima (very bitter). fl. blue; calyx pilose-hispid; corolla nearly thrice as long as the calyx; whorls distinct, rather remote, about ten-flowered; racemes 3in. to 6in. long, simple, dense-flowered. August. l. petiolate, ovate-cordate, crenate, 1 1/2in. long, wrinkled above, pale or canescent beneath. Stem erect, branched, 2ft. high, pilose-hispid. Mexico, 1803. Greenhouse perennial. (B. R. 347.) S. angustifolia (narrow-leaved). fl. very shortly pedicellate; calyx lips half the length of the tube; corolla blue, the lower lip as wide as long, the middle lobe emarginate or undulate; inflorescence twiggy, slender, of distant, few-flowered clusters. May. l. linear, 1 1/2in. to 3in. long, entire or obscurely denticulate, acute, somewhat petioled. h. 2ft. Mexico, 1816. Greenhouse perennial. (B. R. 1554; S. B. F. G. ser. ii. 219.) S. argentea (silvery). fl., calyx sessile, eight to nine lines long; corolla pinkish-white, showy, nearly three times as long as the calyx; whorls six to ten-flowered, remote; panicle ample, but slightly branched. June. l., radical ones petiolate, lower cauline ones sessile, 6in. to 8in. long, cuneate at base, sinuate-lobed, erose, woolly, wrinkled, white-veined; floral ones very broad, acuminate, concave, persistent, pilose. Stem erect, villous. h. 3ft. Mediterranean region, 1759. Biennial. (S. F. G. i. 27.) S. asperata (rough).* fl. white; calyx campanulate, hispidciliate; corolla tube equalling the calyx, the hood falcate and compressed; whorls distant, six to ten-flowered; racemes slightly branched. July. l. petiolate, broadly sub-cordate-ovate, shortly acuminate, erose-crenate, much wrinkled, villous, scarcely canescent beneath; cauline ones broad, acuminate, mostly longer than the calyx. Stem glandular-pubescent and pilose. h. 2ft. Cashmere, 1854. (B. M. 4884.) S. aurea (golden). fl., calyx 1/2in. long, campanulate, villous; corolla of a beautiful golden-colour, thrice as long as the calyx, the hood large, slightly falcate and compressed; whorls two-flowered, scarcely distinct; racemes dense, 2in. to 4in. long. July. l. 1/2in. or scarcely 1in. long, petiolate, somewhat ovate-rotundate, obtuse, entire or sinuate, hoary; floral ones sessile, villous, persistent. Branches hoary-tomentose. h. 3ft. or more. Cape of Good Hope, 1731. Greenhouse shrub. (B. M. 182.) S. austriaca (Austrian). fl., calyx nearly 1/2in. long, very villous; corolla yellowish-white, thrice as long as the calyx, the tube slightly exserted, the upper lip falcate; whorls nearly six-flowered, the lower ones distant, the upper ones approximating; racemes slightly branched. June. l., radical ones 3in. to 4in. long, petiolate, broadly ovate, entire or erose-toothed, cordate, rounded, or cuneate at base, wrinkled above, pubescent beneath; cauline ones one or two pairs, sessile 2in. long; floral ones five lines long, ovate, acuminate. Stem erect, 2ft. to 3ft. high, nearly simple. Austria, 1776. (B. R. 1019; J. F. A. 112.) S. azurea (azure-blue). fl., calyx oblong-campanulate, obscurely bilabiate; corolla deep blue, sometimes varying to white, the lower lip sinuately three-lobed and emarginate; pedicels short; inflorescence spike-formed. August. l., lower ones lanceolate or oblong, obtuse, denticulate or serrate, tapering into a slight petiole; upper ones narrower, often linear, entire; floral ones or bracts subulate, somewhat persistent. h. 6ft. North America, 1806. Plant glabrous or puberulous. (B. M. 1728.) S. a. grandiflora (large-flowered). fl., calyx tomentulose-sericeous; inflorescence denser than in the type. Plant cinereous-puberulous. SYN. S. Pitcheri (F. M. n. s., 455; G. C. n. s., xiv. 685).
S. Bethellii (Bethell's). A garden variety of S. involucrata. S. bicolor (two-coloured).* fl., calyx four to five lines long, glutinous-hispid, with subulate-acuminate teeth; corolla thrice as long as the calyx, the upper lip bluish-violet, golden-dotted, the lower one whitish; whorls six-flowered, distinct; racemes 1 1/2ft. to 2ft. long, many-flowered. June. l., lower ones petiolate, ample, ovate, incised-toothed, pinnatifid or palmately lobed; middle ones petiolate, ovate-lanceolate; upper ones sessile; all cordate at base, and glutinous-pubescent. Stem thick, 2ft. to 3ft. high, scarcely branched. Barbary, 1793. A very pretty and distinct, hardy biennial. (B. M. 1774; P. M. B. ix. 271.) S. boliviana (Bolivian).* fl. many in a whorl; calyx 3/4in. long, dull purple or green and purple; corolla bright scarlet, 3in. long, slightly curved, glabrous, the upper lip very small, the lower shortly three-lobed; panicle sub-sessile, 2ft. high, branched. Autumn. l. 3in. to 6in. long, ovate-cordate, acute, wrinkled; petioles slender, 1in. to 3in. long. h. 4ft. Bolivia, 1856. Greenhouse under-shrub. (B. M. 6714; F. d. S. 1148.) S. cacaliaefolia (Cacalia-leaved).* fl., calyx campanulate, the teeth aristate-acuminate; corolla deep blue, many times longer than the calyx, having a very broad tube; whorls two-flowered; racemes branched. June. l. petiolate, broadly deltoid, broadly sub-hastate-cordate at base, rather thick, pubescent above, reddish or whitish and softly villous beneath. Stem erect, pubescent. h. 3ft. Mexico, 1858. Greenhouse perennial. (B. H. 1862, 100; B. M. 5274; F. d. S. 2318.) S. Camertoni (Camerton's). fl. brownish-purple; calyx softly glandular-pilose; corolla 1in. long, the tube slightly curved. Summer. l. petiolate, ovate or cordate-ovate, acuminate, rounded at base, 1in. to 1 1/2in. long, crenate-serrated, ciliated, shortly hispid above, paler and glabrous beneath. Stem 3ft. to 5ft. high, sub-shrubby. Probably Mexico. (R. G. 125.) S. Candelabrum (candelabrum-like).* fl., calyx sharply ribbed, tinged with purple; corolla white, and striated with pale purple, thrice as long as the calyx, externally hairy; lower lip deep rich violet, variegated and streaked with white at the throat; panicle terminal, erect, the branches spreading, each bearing a cyme of several flowers. July. l. oblong-lanceolate, rather obtuse, 3in. to 4in. long, crenulate, very loosely wrinkled, hairy, glandular-dotted. Stern erect, 3ft. to 4ft. high. Mexico, 1845. Half-hardy sub-shrub, exhaling a powerful aromatic odour. (B. M. 5017; F. d. S. 1344; L. & P. F. G. ii. p. 161, 217.) S. canescens (hoary). fl., calyx tubular-campanulate; corolla purple, nearly thrice as long as the calyx, the tube shortly exserted, the upper lip slightly falcate; whorls remote; racemes branched, villous-viscous. July. l. lanceolate-oblong, entire or sinuate-lobed, long-narrowed at base, wrinkled, above loosely, below densely, white-woolly; floral ones very broad, acuminate, concave, persistent, rather shorter than the calyx. Stem 2ft. high, white-woolly at base. Caucasus. (B. R. 1838, 36.) S. carduacea (Thistle-leaved).* fl., calyx long-woolly; corolla lavender-coloured, 1in. long, its tube slightly exserted; upper lip erose-toothed or fimbriated and two-cleft; lower one with small, lateral, erose lobes, and a larger, flabelliform, deeply multifid middle one. July. l. oblong, sinuately-pinnatifid, Thistle-like. Stem stout, simple, 1ft. or more high, naked and scape-like, only at base subtended by a cluster of leaves. California, 1854. (B. M. 4874.) S. chamaedryoides (Chamaedrys-like).* fl. geminate or few in the clusters of the raceme; calyx cylindrical-campanulate, 1/3in. long; corolla blue, upwards of 1/2in. long, the middle lobe of the lower lip broader than long, obcordate-lobed. July. l. rather thick, oblong or elliptical, on short petioles, more or less crenulate, obtuse, less than 1in. long; floral ones bract-like, caducous. h. 1ft. Mexico, 1795. A much-branched, canescent and scabrous, greenhouse shrub. (B. M. 808; L. B. C. 576; A. B. R. 416, under name of S. chamaedrifolia.) S. coccinea (scarlet).* fl., calyx lips half the length of the tube; corolla deep scarlet, 1in. or less long, pubescent or puberulous outside, the lower lip twice the length of the upper; raceme twiggy, the clusters few or several-flowered, and rather distant. July. l. membranous, veiny, cordate or ovate, mostly acute, crenate, slender-petioled, mostly soft-tomentose beneath. h. 2ft. Central and South America, &c., 1772. A greenhouse or half-hardy annual or perennial, canescently pubescent or glabrous, or hairy towards the base.
S. c. major (larger). A tall-growing form, with somewhat larger flowers than those of the type. (B. H. ix. p. 65; R. G. vii. 232.) S. c. pseudo-coccinea (false-coccinea). A commonly tall form, with stem, petioles, and often floral leaves, conspicuously hirsute. (B. M. 2864, under name of S. pseudo-coccinea.) S. coelestina (celestial-blue). fl. very numerous; corolla of a soft lilac-blue. Summer. l. petiolate, oval-elliptic, shortly and broadly rounded at the base, attenuated at the apex, irregularly toothed on the margins. h. 2ft. Mexico (?), 1878. Plant whitish-green or incanescent. A very floriferous, greenhouse perennial, of robust habit.
S. colorans (coloured). A garden synonym of S. splendens. S. Columbariae (Scabious-like). fl. small; calyx naked within; corolla blue, hardly exceeding the calyx, its upper lip emarginately bilobed at apex, the lower with small lateral lobes and a much larger, somewhat bilobed middle one; heads many-flowered. Summer. l. deeply once or twice pinnatifid, or pinnately parted into oblong, crenately-toothed or incised, obtuse divisions, muticous, wrinkled; involucral floral ones broadly ovate, entire. Stem slender, 6in. to 20in. high, one or two-headed. California. Half-hardy annual. (B. M. 6595.) S. confertiflora (clustered-flowered).* fl., calyx reddish, ovate-tubular, tomentose, woolly; corolla reddish within, yellowish or reddish outside, clothed with golden wool, half as long again as the calyx; whorls numerous, ten to twenty-flowered; racemes upwards of 1ft. long. August. l. petiolate, ovate-oblong, 3in. to 4in. long, slightly acute, crenate, somewhat decurrent, wrinkled and appressedly pubescent above, densely rufous-tomentose beneath; cauline ones ovate, short. Branches rufous-tomentose. h. 3ft. Rio Janeiro and Organ Mountains, 1838. Greenhouse sub-shrub. (B. M. 3899; B. R. 1839, 29.) S. confusa (confused). fl., calyx coloured, striated, pubescent, the teeth all subulate-acuminate; corolla whitish, twice or thrice as long as the calyx; whorls remote, many-flowered; racemes elongated. July. l. petiolate, mostly interruptedly pinnatisect, wrinkled, whiter below than in S. interrupta; terminal segment large, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at base; lateral ones one or two on each side. Stem slightly woolly at base. h. 4ft. South Europe, 1790. Hardy shrub. SYN. S. interrupta (S. B. F. G. 169).
S. dichroa (two-coloured). fl., calyx 3/4in. long; corolla 1 1/4in. long, the upper lip bright blue, pubescent, arcuate, the lateral lobes of the lower lip pale blue, recurved, the mid-lobe white, pendulous; racemes 1ft. or more long, many-flowered. August. l., radical ones petiolate, 6in. to 8in. long, oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, narrowed into the petiole, sinuate-serrate, with rounded lobules, pubescent; upper cauline ones sessile. Stem 2ft. to 3ft. high. Greater Atlas, 1871. Plant glandular-pubescent. (B. M. 6004.) S. discolor (discoloured).* fl. in long, terminal spikes; tubular part of the corolla dark purple, almost wholly hidden by the calyx; projecting lips of a violet-black colour. l. entire, ovate-oblong, on rather long petioles, nearly 6in. long. h. 2ft. to 3ft. or more. Andes of Peru, 1883. (B. M. 6772; G. C. n. s., xix. p. 341, under name of S. mexicana minor.) S. elegans (elegant). fl. shortly pedicellate; calyx campanulate, glandular-villous; corolla blood-colour, above 1in. long (nearly six times the length of the calyx); whorls remote, about six-flowered; racemes 4in. to 6in. or more long. Summer. l. petiolate, ovate, 1in. to 1 1/2in. long, acuminate, serrate, rounded or narrowed at base, slightly hispid, pubescent, or tomentose above, glabrous beneath; floral ones sessile. Stem 3ft. to 4ft. high, glabrous or scarcely pilose. Mexico and Guatemala. Greenhouse perennial. (B. M. 6448; Ref. B. 228.) S. farinacea (mealy). fl., calyx densely white-tomentose, often tinged with violet; lower lip of the violet-blue corolla with middle division obcordately two-lobed; inflorescence spike-formed, on a long, naked, interrupted peduncle, of densely many-flowered clusters. Summer. l., lower ones ovate-lanceolate or ovate, obtuse cuneate or rarely subcordate at base, serrate, on slender petioles; upper ones lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, sometimes entire; floral ones subulate or ovate-lanceolate. Stems numerous, in a cluster. h. 3ft. Texas, 1847. (R. G. 1002; R. H. 1873, 91.) S. Forskolei (Forskohl's). fl., calyx four to five lines long, tubular, often coloured at apex, viscous-pubescent; corolla violet, thrice as long as the calyx, the tube nearly straight or recurved, the upper lip emarginate-bifid; whorls at length 1in. or more apart, usually two, rarely four to six-flowered; racemes elongated, nearly simple. July. l., lower ones petiolate, 3in. to 4in. long, ovate, repand-crenate, auricled or lobed at base, villous; cauline ones few, sub-sessile, much shorter than the calyx. Stem 1 1/2ft. high, leafy at base. Orient, 1800. (B. M. 988; S. F. G. 21.) S. fulgens (brilliant).* fl. showy; calyx six to eight lines long, tubular-campanulate; corolla scarlet, nearly 2in. long, villous, the tube exserted and swollen; whorls six-flowered, nearly 1in. apart; racemes 6in. to 12in. long. July. l. petiolate, ovate, acute, usually 1in. to 3in. long, crenate-serrate, cordate at base, pubescent above, white-tomentose or woolly beneath. Stem 2ft. to 3ft. or more high; branches numerous. Mexican Mountains, 1829. Greenhouse shrub. (B. R. 1356; L. B. C. 1910; S. B. F. G. ser. ii. 59.) S. gesneraeflora (Gesnera-flowered).* This magnificent garden species has quite the habit of S. fulgens; but the flowers are far more abundant and conspicuous, the upper lip of the corolla is flatter and less shaggy, the tube is longer, and the style is less feathery. h. 2ft. Columbia, 1840. Greenhouse herbaceous perennial.(F. d. S. 2131; I. H. i. 32; L. & P. F. G. 47.) S. glutinosa (glutinous). Jupiter's Distaff. fl., calyx tubular, one-third the length of the corolla; corolla pale yellow, often 1 1/2in. long, with an exserted tube and an enlarged throat; whorls distant, loosely few-flowered. July. l. petiolate, ovate-oblong, acuminate, cordate-sagittate at base; lower ones often 7in. to 8in. long, the upper ones smaller; floral ones ovate, acuminate, shorter than the calyx. Stem erect, glutinous, pilose. h. 3ft. Europe and Central Asia. 1759. (S. B. F. G. 140, under name of S. nubicola.) S. Goudotii (Goudot's).* fl., calyx tubular-campanulate, three to four lines long; corolla bright crimson, upwards of 1in. long, the tube long-exserted and enlarged above, the lips sub-equal; whorls six to ten-flowered, sub-secund; racemes simple, 6in. long. Summer. l. ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, nearly 3in. long, crenate-serrate, narrowed at base, pubescent. Branchlets rufous-puberulous or glabrous. h. 2ft. Columbia, 1870. Greenhouse shrub. (Ref. B. 229.) SYN. S. lantanifolia (of gardens).
S. Grahami (Graham's).* fl., calyx often coloured, tubular, pubescent; corolla purplish-blue, twice as long as the calyx, the lower lip twice as long as the hood; whorls two-flowered; racemes elongated. Summer. l. petiolate, oval, obtuse, rounded or cuneate at base, irregularly crenate, nearly glabrous; floral ones ovate, acuminate, ciliated. Branches glabrous or very slenderly pubescent. h. 2ft. Mexico, 1829. Greenhouse shrub. (B. R. 1370; L. B. C. 1798; R. G. 242.) S. Greggii (Gregg's).* fl., calyx narrowly-campanulate, lips half to one-third the length of the tube, lanceolate, acute, nearly straight; corolla carmine, tube twice as long as calyx, throat ventricose, mouth contracted; racemes 2in. long, six to eight-flowered. Autumn. l. 1in. to 1 1/2in. long, sub-sessile, linear-oblong, obtuse, narrowed at base, closely gland-dotted, rather dull pale green. h. 3ft. Northern Mexico, 1885. Greenhouse shrub. (B. M. 6812.) S. Heerii (Heer's).* fl. pubescent or glandular-pubescent; calyx tubular, irregularly three-toothed; corolla scarlet, thrice as long as the calyx, the tube recurved; whorls two-flowered, secund; racemes terminating the branches and branchlets. Summer. l. petiolate, cordate-ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, membranous, crenate-toothed, wrinkled above, slightly canescent beneath; floral ones bract-formed, nearly round, long-acuminate. Stem much branched. h. 2ft. to 3ft. Peru, 1855. Greenhouse shrub. (Ref. B. 205; R. G. 115.) S. hians (gaping).* fl. showy; calyx campanulate, bluish, glutinous; corolla of a beautiful blue, thrice as long as the calyx, with an ample, exserted tube and a short, gaping limb; whorls six-flowered; racemes slightly branched. June. l. long-petiolate, broadly ovate, broadly cordate-sagittate or truncate at base; floral ones ovate, acuminate, shorter than the calyx. Stem erect, villous. h. 2ft. Cashmere, 1830. A pretty perennial, allied to S. glutinosa. (B. M. 6517; B. R. 1841, 39; R. G. 1221.) S. h. plectranthifolia (Plectranthus-leaved). This variety has rather smaller, and less hairy, more deeply violet flowers than the type. (L. & P. F. G. iii. p. 157.) S. hispanica (Spanish). fl., calyx campanulate, villous-pubescent; corolla blue, shortly exserted, glabrous, four to five lines long; whorls approximate, many-flowered; racemes spike-formed. July. l. ovate, acuminate, 2in. to 4i. long, serrated, borne on long petioles; floral ones ovate, exceeding the short pedicels. h. 1ft. to 2ft. West Indies (naturalised in Spain), 1739. Hardy, pubescent annual. (B. R. 359.) S. Horminum (Horminum). fl., corolla purple, half as long again as the pubescent calyx; whorls distant, about six-flowered; racemes simple. June. l. petiolate, oval-oblong, rounded or cuneate at base, obtuse, crenate, villous; the upper ones ovate-cordate; floral ones very broad, acute, persistent, rather longer than the calyx, the uppermost ones coloured. Stem erect, villous. h. 1 1/2ft. South Europe, 1596. Annual. (S. F. G. i. 20.) S. Hoveyi (Hovey's). A synonym of S. ianthina.
S. ianthina (violet).* fl. large; corolla of an intense violet-purple, nearly thrice as long as the calyx, the tube funnel-shaped, the upper lip erect; bracts ovate, acuminate, coloured; whorls six-flowered, clustered. June. l. somewhat ovate-cordate, acuminate, crenate, wrinkled, puberulous, paler beneath. Stem erect, 2ft. high, puberulous. Native country uncertain, 1850. Greenhouse perennial. SYN. S. Hoveyi (F. d. S. 884; G. C. n. s., xv. p. 145). S. indica (Indian). fl. at first campanulate, afterwards inflated, viscous-pubescent; corolla of a beautiful yellow, spotted with purple, thrice as long as the calyx, the tube scarcely exserted; whorls few, six-flowered, very remote; racemes simple 1 1/2ft. or more long. June. l. petiolate, broad or oblong-ovate, acute, slightly toothed or erose-crenate or lobed, broadly cordate at base, glabrous, the lower ones 3in. to 5in. long; floral ones ovate-cordate, reflexed, sessile. Stem erect, slightly pilose. h. 3ft India, 1731. (B. M. 395.) S. interrupta (interrupted).* fl. nearly sessile; calyx deeply grooved, 1/2in. long; corolla dark violet-purple, with a white throat, 1 1/4in. long, 1in. across, the tube red-purple, nearly straight; whorls numerous, 2in. to 3in. apart, five to ten-flowered. May. l. 6in. to 10in. long, spreading, pinnatisect, coarsely wrinkled above, white-tomentose below; terminal lobe 2in. to 3in. long, oblong-ovate: lateral segments distant. Stem erect; branches (as well as the inflorescence) viscid-downy. h. 3ft. to 4ft. Tangiers, 1867. (B. M. 5860; R. G. 1210.) S. interrupta (interrupted), of Sweet. A synonym of S. confusa. S. involucrata (involucred). fl., calyx often coloured, tubular campanulate, viscous; corolla rosy, usually long-exserted, three to five times as long as the calyx, the tube swollen, the lips sub-equal; pedicels nearly equalling the calyx; whorls nearly six-flowered, approximating; racemes spike-formed. August. l. petiolate, ovate, acuminate, 2in. to 3in. long, crenate-serrate; floral ones sessile, bract-like, broadly ovate, acuminate, coloured. Stem several feet high, sparsely branched. Mexico, 1824. Greenhouse or half-hardy sub-shrub. (B. M. 2872; B. R. 1205.) S. i. Bethellii (Bethell's).* fl. bright rosy-crimson, in large, whorled spikes terminating the branches: in the bud each whorl surrounded by a pair of large, coloured bracts. l. large, cordate-ovate. 1881. A handsome seedling variety, of bold habit. (F. M. 464 and G. C. n. s., xv. p. 49, under name of S. Bethellii.) S. i. Deschampsiana (Deschamps'). fl. in ovate, spike-formed, terminal clusters; calyx (as well as the ovate, caducous bracts) bright red; corolla of a lively rose-colour, the tube much inflated. l. cordate, acuminate. h. 3ft. or more. French gardens, 1869. (R. H. 1869, 134.) S. lamiifolia (Lamium-leaved). fl., calyx sub-sessile, tubular; corolla blue, scarcely twice as long as the calyx, the tube sub-equal, the upper lip erect, the lower one shorter; whorls six to ten-flowered; racemes elongated. July. l. petiolate, ovate, acuminate, often 3in. to 4in. long, crenate-serrate, rounded or cuneate at base, glabrous or rarely slightly pubescent above; floral ones ovate-lanceolate, equalling the calyx. Stem erect, nearly glabrous. h. 2ft. West Indies, &c., 1821. Stove shrub. (B. R. 446; B. M. 1294; L. B. C. 377, under name of S. amaena.) S. lantanifolia (Lantana-leaved). A garden synonym of S. Goudotii. S. leonuroides (Leonurus-like). fl., calyx highly glabrous, tubular-campanulate, with three broad lobes; corolla scarlet, nearly twice as long as the calyx, the tube swollen, the lips sub-equal; pedicels shorter than the petioles; whorls about six-flowered, in the axils of the cauline leaves. June. l. ovate or rhomboid, obtuse, slightly crenate, truncate or sub-cordate at base, nearly glabrous above, canescent on the veins beneath. Branches sulcate. h. 3ft. Peru, 1783. Greenhouse shrub. (B. M. 376, under name of S. formosa.) S. leucantha (white-flowered). fl., calyx ovate-cylindrical, clothed with dense, violet or lavender-coloured wool, paler beneath; corolla white and woolly, about twice as long as the calyx, the tube thick, curved upwards; whorls six to eight-flowered; spike or raceme much elongated, the rachis covered with violet-coloured wool. June. l. narrow, oblong-lanceolate, on short petioles, acute, wrinkled, almost glabrous above, downy beneath. Branches woolly. h. 1 1/2ft. to 2ft. Mexico, 1847. Greenhouse shrub. (B. M. 4318.) S. mentiens (deceiving). fl., calyx scarlet at apex, glabrous, four lines long; corolla of a beautiful scarlet, four or five times longer than the calyx, the tube long-exserted, the lips short and sub-equal; whorls remote, few-flowered; racemes simple, elongated. Summer. l. petiolate, ovate, acuminate, serrate, rounded at base, glabrous. Stem glabrous below, spreading and pilose at apex. h. 1 1/2ft. Brazil, 1870. Warm greenhouse perennial. (Ref. B. 206.) S. nutans (nodding). fl., calyx scarcely two lines long; corolla violet, four to five lines long, with a straight, spreading hood; whorls nearly six-flowered, approximate; racemes spike-formed, 1in. to 1 1/2in. long, on long peduncles. July. l., sub-radical ones long-petiolate, ovate-oblong, 4in. to 5in. long, doubly crenate sub-cordate at base, wrinkled; floral ones minute, orbicular. Stem pubescent, nearly simple, 2ft. to 3ft. high. Eastern Europe, 1780. (B. M. 2436.) S. obtusa (obtuse-leaved). fl., calyx tubular-campanulate, pubescent; corolla carmine, 1in. long, the tube inflated, twice as long as the calyx; whorls two-flowered, distant. Summer. l. petiolate, ovate, obtuse, 1in. long, cuneate at base, nearly glabrous above, cano-pubescent beneath. Stems bifarious, pubescent. h. 1 1/2ft. Mexico, 1861. Greenhouse perennial. (F. d. S. 1412; R. G. 242, Fig. 1.) S. odorata (sweet-scented). fl. shortly pedicellate; calyx campanulate, hairy-pubescent; corolla white, nearly thrice as long as the calyx, the upper lip falcate and compressed; whorls two-flowered, nearly 1in. distant; panicle 1ft. or more long, much-branched. July. l. petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, irregularly crenate-toothed, cordate at base, 3in. long, wrinkled, white-tomentose; upper ones sessile; floral ones shorter than the pedicels, persistent. Branches ascending, the upper ones erect. h. 3ft. Bagdad, 1804. Greenhouse sub-shrub.
S. officinalis (officinal). Common Sage. fl., calyx four to five lines long, campanulate, pubescent or villous; corolla purple, blue, or white, twice or thrice as long as the calyx; whorls few, ten to twenty-flowered, dense; racemes sub-simple. June. l. 1in. to 1 1/2in. long, petiolate, entire, oblong, narrowed or rounded at base, wrinkled; lower ones white, tomentose or woolly below or on both sides; floral ones sessile, ovate, acuminate. Stem white-woolly; floriferous branches tomentose-pubescent. h. 1ft. South Europe, 1597. Hardy shrub. (B. M. P1. 206.) For culture, &c., see Sage. S. o. aurea (golden). A dwarf, compact form, with yellow flowers. It is very useful for ornamental bedding. 1879. Garden variety. S. oppositiflora (opposite-flowered).* fl., calyx tubular, with three acute teeth; corolla scarlet, four times as long as the calyx, pubescent outside, the tube long-exserted; whorls two-flowered, secund; racemes simple, 1in. long. June. l. petiolate, ovate, obtuse, 1in. to 1 1/2in. long, rounded or cordate at base, wrinkled, pubescent; floral ones deciduous. Stem procumbent at base; branches erect, slenderly pubescent. h. 2ft. Peru, 1847. Half-hardy sub-shrub. (F. d. S. 345; P. M. B. xv. 53; R. G. 1855, 127.) S. paniculata (panicled). fl. disposed in distant pairs, shortly stalked; calyx sub-campanulate, scabrid, two-lipped, 1/3in. long; corolla pale purplish-blue, four times as long as the calyx; tube short, wide; upper lip 1in. to 1 1/2in. long, narrow sickle-shaped, obtuse. Summer. l. 1in. to 2in. long, leathery, obovate, acute or obtuse, irregularly toothed, scabrid on both surfaces, narrowed into a short stalk. h. 6ft. to 7ft. South Africa. Green-house shrub. (B. M. 6790.) S. patens (spreading).* fl., calyx campanulate, six to seven lines long; corolla blue, upwards of 2in. long, the tube broad, the lips slightly gaping; whorls few, remote. September. l. petiolate, ovate-deltoid, crenate, hastate (or the upper ones rounded) at base, hispid; floral ones linear-lanceolate. Stem erect, pilose. h. 2 1/2ft. Mexico, 1838. Half-hardy perennial. (B. iii. 109; B. M. 3808; B. R. 1839, 23; F. d. S. 503; P. M. B. vi. 1.) In some forms of this species, the leaves are all hastate, or the upper ones, or nearly all, rounded-cordate at base.
S. p. alba (white). A variety only differing from the type in having white flowers.
S. Pitcheri (Pitcher's). A synonym of S. azurea grandiflora. S. porphyrantha (purple-flowered). A synonym of S. Roemeriana. S. porphyrata (purplish). A synonym of S. Roemeriana. S. pratensis (meadow-loving). fl., calyx (as well as the small, ovate-cordate bracts) coloured; corolla bright blue, 1in. long, glabrous inside, the upper lip long and much arched, the lower broad; whorls about four-flowered, in spikes 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. long. June to August. l. wrinkled, 3in. to 6in. long; radical ones oblong or ovate, long-petioled, obtuse, sometimes two-lobed at the base, with large, irregular crenatures; cauline ones few, similar or more oblong, smaller, on shorter petioles. h. 2ft. or more. Europe (Britain). (Sy. En. B. 1058; S. B. F. G. 26, under name of S. Tenorii) Of this species, there are varieties with flesh-coloured, reddish, and white flowers. S. prunelloides (Prunella-like). fl. blue; corolla three times longer than the calyx, pubescent outside, the middle lobe of the lower lip emarginate; whorls remote, sub-secund; racemes simple, on long peduncles. August. l. petiolate, ovate-oblong, obtuse, crenate, narrowed at base, nearly glabrous. Stems erect, pilose-pubescent. h. 1ft. Mexico, 1838. (P. M. B. xi. 175.) S. pulchella (pretty). fl., calyx tubular, half or one-third as long as the corolla, slenderly pubescent; corolla scarlet, rarely exceeding 1in. in length, glabrous or pubescent outside, the tube ventricose; whorls about ten-flowered; racemes simple. December. l. petiolat, ovate, narrowed and slightly obtuse at apex, crenate, broadly cordate at base, slightly wrinkled, nearly glabrous; floral ones ovate, acuminate. Branches pubescent. h. 2ft. Mexico and Guatemala, 1821. Greenhouse shrub.
S. Regla (Regla). fl. nearly sessile; calyx coloured, tubular-inflated, with three short, ovate teeth; corolla scarlet, twice as long as the calyx, pubescent outside, the lips sub-equal; whorls terminal, few-flowered. July. l. petiolate, rounded-deltoid, obtuse, 1 1/2in. long, sinuate-crenate, broadly sub-cordate at base, rufescent, wrinkled, slightly hispid above, pubescent on the nerves beneath. Branches purplish. h. 1 1/2ft. Mexico, 1839. Hardy shrub. (B. R. 1841, 14.) S. rhombifolia (rhomb-leaved). fl., calyx often coloured, ovate, pubescent; corolla blue, half as long again as the calyx, the tube included; whorls about six-flowered, remote; racemes simple, few-flowered. All the year. l. numerous, petiolate, broadly ovate or rhomboid, 1 1/2in. to 2in. long and broad, sub-cordate, pubescent; upper ones often sessile; floral ones ovate-lanceolate, deciduous, shorter than the calyx. Stem erect, branched, pubescent, 1ft. high. Peru, 1827. Stove annual. (B. R. 1429, under name of S. foliosa.) S. ringens (gaping).* fl. reddish-purple; calyx striated; corolla four times as long as the calyx, the tube swollen, recurved-ascendent, the upper lip erect, sub-falcate, the lower large, with reflexed lobes; whorls about six-flowered, loose, remote. Summer. l. petiolate, irregularly pinnatisect; segments unequal, ovate-oblong, rounded at base, villous; floral ones deciduous. h. 1ft. to 2ft. Greece. Hardy shrub. (R. G. 59; S. F. G. 18.) S. Roemeriana (Roemer's). * fl., calyx somewhat pubescent, naked within; corolla deep scarlet, puberulent, 1in. or more long, narrowly tubular-infundibuliform, somewhat arcuate; racemes loose and elongated. July. l., or terminal leaflet, roundish or cordate-reniform, coarsely repand-toothed or crenately incised; lower ones with two or three similar or smaller lateral leaflets, occasionally reduced to tooth-like appendages; floral leaves mostly shorter than the pedicels. Stems 1ft. to 2ft. high, often sparsely hairy below. Texas, 1852. SYNS. S. porphyrantha (F. d. S. 1080; R. H. 1854, 16), S. porphyrata (B. M. 4939).
S. Roezlii (Roezl's). fl., calyx pale green, stained with red towards the apex, inflated; corolla bright scarlet, puberulous, having two prominent, spreading lips. Summer. l. smooth, ovate-oblong, crenately toothed. h. 1 1/2ft. Mexico, 1861. A rather showy, greenhouse under-shrub. (F. d. S. 1407.) S. rubescens (reddish). fl., calyx purple-brown, densely glandular-hairy; corolla scarlet, 1in. long (twice as long as the calyx), the tube slightly ascending; whorls rather distant, four to eight-flowered; panicle 1ft. or more long, ebracteate. Summer. l. variable in size, 4in. to 10in. long, long-petiolate, ovate-cordate, crenate, acute or acuminate, puberulous above, hoary beneath. Stems four-angled. h. 1 1/2ft. Columbia, 1872. Stove shrub. (B. M. 5947.) S. rutilans (glowing-red).* Pineapple-scented Sage. fl. disposed in spike-like racemes, forming leafy panicles; corolla of a bright scarlet colour, having a slender tube and a deflexed lower lip. Summer. l. cordate-ovate, acuminate, soft, downy. h. 2ft. to 3ft. Origin uncertain, 1873. Greenhouse sub-shrub. (G. C. n. s., xv. p. 117; R. H. 1873, 251.) S. scabiosaefolia (Scabious-leaved). fl. pretty; calyx ample, campanulate, villous; corolla whitish, twice as long as the calyx, the upper lip bifid; whorls six to ten-flowered, distinct; racemes 4in. to 6in. or more long, simple. August. l. numerous, pinnatisect; segments three to five-jugate, often ternate or twin, entire, bisected, or pinnatisect, oblong or linear, acute. Stems diffuse, 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. long. Branches diffuse, woolly-pilose. Tauria, 1818. (B. M. 5209; B. M. 1429, under name of S. Hablitziana.) S. Schimperi (Schimper's). fl., calyx tubular-campanulate, the upper lip three-toothed, the lower one bifid; corolla white, twice as long as the calyx; panicle twiggy-branched. Summer. l. ample, ovate-lanceolate, acute, crenulate, rounded-cuneate at base, wrinkled, white-woolly on both sides, snowy beneath; floral ones very broad, equalling the calyx, scabrous-ciliated, whitish beneath. Stem thick, pubescent or slightly woolly at base. h. 3ft. Abyssinia, 1875. Half-hardy sub-shrub. (B. M. 6300.) S. Sclarea (Sclarea). * Clary. fl., calyx whitish at base, campanulate, pubescent-hispid; corolla bluish-white, twice as long as the calyx, the tube contracted, the upper lip falcate and compressed; whorls distant, about six-flowered; racemes paniculate. August. l. petiolate, ample, often 8in. to 9in. long, ovate, erose-crenate, cordate at base, wrinkled, hoary (more glabrous under cultivation); uppermost ones amplexicaul; floral ones coloured, very broad, acuminate, concave. Stem erect, 2ft. to 3ft. high, viscous, villous. South Europe, 1562. (S. F. G. 25; B. M. 2320, under name of S. bracteata; B. R. 1003, under name of S. Simsiana.) S. splendens (splendid). * fl., calyx coloured, campanulate, with three broadly ovate teeth; corolla scarlet, 2in. to 2 1/2in. long, glabrous, the tube exserted and slightly enlarged, the lower lip shortened; whorls two-flowered. December. l. petiolate, ovate, acuminate, crenate-serrate, cuneate, rounded, or sub-cordate at base, glabrous; floral ones ovate, acuminate, coloured, deciduous. Branches glabrous. h. 3ft. Brazil, 1822. A very pretty, greenhouse shrub. (B. R. 687; L. B. C. 1089; I. H. 1881, 432, under name of S. brasiliensis.) SYN. S. colorans (of gardens). S. s. Bruantii (Bruant's).* fl. of a brighter scarlet than in the type. Habit dwarfer. 1881. A handsome garden variety. (F. M. 447; G. C. n. s., xiv. p. 781.) S. strictiflora (erect-flowered). fl., calyx tubular, pubescent; corolla golden-scarlet, 1 1/2in. long, the tube elongated and incurved, the lip sub-equal, scarcely spreading; whorls two-flowered, secund; racemes upwards of 1ft. long. December. l. petiolate, ovate, acute, 1 1/2in. to 2in. long, pale green, crenate-serrate, cordate at base, rather thick, slightly fleshy, nearly glabrous; floral ones glume-like, deciduous. Branches shortly tomentose-pubescent. h. 2ft. Peru, 1831. Stove shrub. (B. M. 3135; P. M. B. 247.) S. taraxacifolia (Dandelion-leaved). fl. very shortly pedicellate; calyx 1/2in. long, the lobes subulate-aristate; corolla pale pink, with a yellowish disk to the lower lip, and a purple-speckled, pilose palate; whorls six to ten-flowered. July. l. 2in. to 4in. long, pinnatisect, sessile or petiolate; lower lobes few or many; terminal one 1in. to 1 1/2in. long, ovate, obtuse or cuspidate, irregularly sinuate-toothed; all snowy-tomentose beneath; floral ones sessile, ovate-aristate. Stems numerous, ascending, at length erect, 6in. to 18in. high. Great. Atlas, 1872. (B. M. 5991.) S. tricolor (three-coloured). fl. racemose, solitary, opposite; calyx oblong-campanulate, deeply costate; corolla white, the lower part of the large lower lip reddish, deflexed, trilobed. July. l. small shortly petiolate, ovate, rounded-obtuse at apex with a terminal tooth, the base attenuated, sub-decurrent, the margins crenulate. h. 2ft. Mexico. Half-hardy shrub. (F. d. S. 1237; I. H. 1856, 120.) S. tubifera (tube-bearing). fl. sub-sessile; calyx tubular, with three acuminate teeth; corolla purple-red, 1in. to 1 1/4in. long, glabrous or pubescent, the tube long-exserted, equal, and slightly incurved; whorls usually four or five-flowered, secund; racemes 6in. long, simple. August. l. petiolate, broadly ovate, crenate-serrate, rounded-truncate or nearly cuneate at base, almost glabrous, or cano-pubescent beneath. Stem 2ft. or more long, erect or ascending, acutely tetragonal, purplish. Mexico, 1824. Greenhouse perennial herb or under-shrub. (B. R. 1841, 44.) S. Verbenaca (Vervain-like). Vervain Sage; Wild Clary, &c. fl., calyx campanulate, the upper lip having minute, spinescent teeth; corolla blue-purple, 1/2in. long, the upper lip short and compressed; whorls six-flowered, in long, bracteate spikes. June to September. l. 2in. to 4in. long, wrinkled; radical ones petioled, oblong, obtuse, irregularly crenate or serrate; upper cauline ones sessile, oblong or deltoid-ovate. Stem leafy, erect, 1ft. to 2ft. high. Europe (Britain). Hardy perennial. (Sy. En. B. 1056.) S. V. clandestina (clandestine). fl., upper calyx teeth less spiny than in the species; corolla more purple, longer, the upper lip longer arched. l. narrower. Jersey and Guernsey. Plant smaller and more slender than the type. (S. F. G. 24; Sy. En. B. 1057.)