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September (L twin somewhat roundish-ovate)
l. twin, somewhat roundish-ovate, glabrous. h. sometimes 1 1/2ft. 1836.
S. carneum (flesh-coloured). fl. white, suffused with flesh-colour, large; sepals obtuse; petals inequilateral; lip galeate, apiculate, reflexed; bracts rose-margined. June. l. radical, twin, orbicular, fleshy; sheaths leafy, cucullate. h. 1 1/2ft. 1797. (B. M. 1512; F. d. S. 329.) S. ciliatum (ciliated). fl. pinkish-white; sepals linear, narrower than the petals, ciliated; lip galeate, the spurs very short; bracts very long, leafy; spike oval, imbricated. August. l. ovate-lanceolate, erect. Himalayas, 1880. S. coriifolium (leathery-leaved).* fl. yellow; sepals and petals linear, obtuse, glabrous, shorter than the orbicular lip; spur cylindrical, obtuse, bearded within; bracts ovate, reflexed; spike few-flowered. October. l. oblong-lanceolate, acute, spreading, slightly scabrous on the margins. h. 1ft. 1820. (B. M. 2172; B. R. 703; S. B. F. G. ii. 3; L. B. C. 104, under name of S. cucullatum.) S. cucullatum (hooded). fl. green, with an unpleasant odour; intermediate sepal longer than the petals, linear, obtuse, lateral ones larger, all connate at base; lip acute, fleshy; spurs pendulous; bracts concave, reflexed. June. l. twin, orbicular, scabrous-ciliated; sheaths inflated, distant, furfuraceous-ciliated. h. 9in. 1786. (B. R. 416.) SYN. Orchis bicornis (A. B. R. 315).
S. erectum (erect). fl. of a yellowish-orange or pale purple colour; sepals and petals scarcely longer than the galeate lip; spurs filiform; bracts concave, reflexed, longer than the flowers; spike many-flowered. February. l. oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, with cartilaginous margins, scabrous, much-spreading, changing to convolute, imbricated sheaths. Stem 1 1/2ft. to 2ft. high, wholly sheathed. 1838. (B. 117.) SYN. S. pustulatum (B. R. 1840, 18).
S. foliosum (leafy). fl. pale purplish, small, erect; lateral sepals spreading, the middle one decurved; petals obtuse, sub-erect; galea hemispherical, longer than the filiform spurs; bracts longer than the flowers; spike dense, obtuse, imbricated. July. l. oblong-lanceolate, erect, cucullate, imbricated, nearly as long as the stem. Stem 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. high, leafy. 1828.
S. nepalense (Nepaul).* fl. rose-pink, fragrant; lateral sepals oblong, middle one and petals linear; lip galeate, apiculate; spurs filiform; bracts reflexed, as long as the flowers; spike oblong, loose, many-flowered. l., radical ones ovate or lanceolate, erect; cauline ones shorter, spreading, sheathing at base. h. 1ft. or more. East Indies, 1882. (B. M. 6625.) S. pustulatum (pustular). A synonym of S. erectum.
SAUCERS. Occasionally, these are useful for standing plants in, while they are in rooms or in places where water cannot readily be applied. Generally, plants are soon injured by standing in Saucers of water, as the soil becomes sour; but those which naturally require plenty of moisture, or grow in water, may be so treated with safety. Saucers are made to suit all the smaller sizes of flower-pots, and may be procured, in most instances, from the same pottery. For preserving a tender plant against the attack of slugs, &c., it is sometimes an effectual plan to place an inverted pot in the middle of a Saucer of water, and stand the plant on the top of it. Glazed Saucers may be recommended for rooms, as they do not allow moisture to pass through and injure anything on which they may be stood.
SAURAUJA (from Sauraujo, the name of a Portuguese botanist known to Willdenow). SYNS. Blumia, Marumia, Palava (of Ruiz and Pavon), Reinwardtia (of Blume). ORD. Ternstromiaceae. A genus comprising about sixty species of mostly stove trees or shrubs, usually strigose-pilose or hairy, inhabiting Asia or tropical and sub-tropical America. Flowers usually hermaphrodite; sepals five, closely imbricated; petals five, imbricated, connate or rarely nearly free at base; stamens numerous, adhering to the base of the corolla; peduncles axillary or lateral, many-flowered, sub-paniculate, or rarely shortened and few-flowered. Leaves usually serrated. The under-mentioned species merit culture on account of their fine flowers and leaves. All are stove shrubs, thriving in a compost of loam and peat. Propagated by ripened cuttings, inserted in sand, under a glass, in heat.
S. excelsa (tall). fl. white; peduncles long, covered with brown hairs, trichotomously panicled at the apex. June l. oblong-obovate, rather acute, quite entire, scabrous above, hairy beneath at the veins. h. 10ft. Caraccas, 1820.
S. nepaulensis (Nepaul). fl. white; racemes many-flowered, panicled, on long peduncles. August, l. lanceolate, 9in. long, 2in. to 3in. wide, acuminate, serrate, smooth above, beneath (as well as the branchlets) covered with brown down. h. 6ft. Nepaul, 1824.
S. spectabilis (remarkable). fl. white, in ample, much-branched panicles; petals obcordate, twice exceeding the calyx. June. l. obovate-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, connate at base, petiolate, doubly serrate, naked in the axils of the veins. Branches, peduncles, calyces, and nerves of leaves, adpressedly ferruginous-bristly. h. 10ft. Brazil, 1842. (B. M. 3982.) SAUROMATUM (from saura, a lizard; alluding to the specked interior of the spathe). ORD. Aroideae (Araceae). A genus consisting of about half-a-dozen species of stove, tuberous-rooted, herbaceous perennials, natives of tropical Asia and Africa. Flowers on a long, appendiculate spadix, shorter than the spathe, males and females remote; spathe marcescent, at length vanishing, the tube ventricose, the margins more or less connate, the throat opening, the lamina lanceolate, elongated. Leaves solitary, pedately parted; petioles elongated, terete. The introduced species are here described. They thrive in a compost of light loam and peat, in equal proportions. Propagated by offsets. S. guttatum (spotted). fl., spathe tube green outside, oblong, the lamina olive outside and yellowish-green within, with rather large, irregular, dark purple spots; spadix terete-conical; peduncle short. May. l., segments oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate; petioles unspotted. h. 1 1/2ft. Himalayas, 1830. (B. R. 1017, under name of Arum venosum.) S. pedatum (pedate-leaved). fl., spathe tube dark purple within, loosely constricted above the middle, the lamina narrow-elongated, yellowish, with very dense, confluent, purple spots. March. l. pedatisect; segments seven, nine, or eleven, obovate-oblong, acute, very shortly or scarcely acuminate, obtuse at base; petioles long. h. 3ft. East Indies, 1815. (R. G. 495.) S. punctatum (dotted). fl., spathe green, marked with brown spots; peduncle short. l. trifoliolate; middle leaflet solitary, elliptic, long-acuminate; lateral ones pedately seven-parted, the outer segments smaller. h. 1ft. Himalaya (?), 1858.
S. venosum (veined).* fl., spathe purplish outside, the tube oblong, the lamina yellowish within, with crowded, small, oblong, purple spots; spadix appendix very long, cylindrical; peduncle very short, violet-spotted. l., segments oblong, cuneate towards the base, acuminate at apex, the midrib and lateral nerves yellowish; petioles spotted. h. 1ft. East Indies, 1848. (B. M. 4465; F. d. S. 1334; L. J. F. 12, under name of S. guttatum.)