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Summer (H ft Khasya A pretty)
h. 2ft. Khasya, 1827. A pretty erect-growing evergreen stove species, closely resembling D. fimbriatum oculatum, but the lip is longitudinally plicate. (P. M. B. v., p. 169.) D. gratiosissimum (most-favoured).* fl. usually in pairs; sepals and petals white, shaded and tipped with rose; lip marked with a large yellow spot, which is faintly striped with orange. l. ovate-lanceolate, acute. Moulmein, 1867. Stove. SYN. D. Bullerianum. (B. M. 5652.) D. Griffithianum (Griffith's). fl. very rich golden-yellow, disposed in immense drooping spikes. May and June. East Indies, 1838. Described as one of the most beautiful of the yellow spring-flowering section, not unlike D. densi-florum, but about double the size in all its parts. Stove. D. hedyosmum (sweet-scented). A synonym of D. scabrilingue. D. heterocarpum (variable-fruited). A synonym of D. aureum. D. Heyneanum (Heyne's). fl. white, streaked with violet, small, produced in spikes, from the top of the stems, at different times of the year. Bombay, 1838. A very pretty stove deciduous species, growing about 8in. high, and best cultivated on a block.
D. infundibulum (funnel-shaped).* fl. pure ivory-white, large, often 4in. across, produced in bunches of two or more blossoms, from the upper joints; lip serrated, yellow; the bases of the two lateral sepals pro-longed into a tapering funnel-shaped spur, about 1in. long. May and June. Pseudo-bulbs 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. long, 1/2in. in diameter, bearing ten to fourteen strong leaves. Moulmein, 1863. Stove. It thrives best in a pot nearly filled with draining material, and over this a layer of living sphagnum. (B. M. 5446.) D. Jamesianum (James Veitch's) differs only from D. infundibulum in having a red, instead of a golden, throat. Moulmein, 1869. Stove. There are several other forms of these two species, the differences of which lie in the colouring of the lip.
D. Jenkinsii (Jenkins's).* fl. pale buff, margined with yellow, on short erect spikes of two or three good-sized blossoms, from the centre of two-year and older pseudo-bulbs. March and April. Pseudo-bulbs small, growing thickly together, 1in. long, 1/2in. in diameter, bearing a solitary, thick and fleshy, dark green leaf, which is almost 1in. long. Northern India, 1838. A charming little greenhouse evergreen for growing on a bare block of wood. (B. R. 1839, 37.) D. Jerdonianum (Jerdon's). fl. cinnabar-red, small, produced in small bunches from the last matured growth; lip dark purple. Pseudo-bulbs about 6in. high. Nilgherries, 1868. Erect stove evergreen.
D. Johannis (John Veitch's). fl. small, fragrant; sepals and petals chocolate-brown; lip yellow, with crimson pencillings. North Australia, 1865. A very pretty greenhouse species, but not so showy as many others. (B. M. 5540.) D. Kingianum (Capt. King's).* fl. violet-purple, small; spikes about 6in. long, springing from the leafy part of two-year and older bulbs. February. Pseudo-bulbs tapering, 6in. high, 1/2in. in diameter at base, crowded together, usually bearing two leaves. Queensland and New South Wales, 1843. Greenhouse. (B. M. 4527.) D. lasioglossum (woolly-tongued). fl. somewhat small, produced in twos and threes from the joints; sepals and petals creamy-white; lip yellow in the centre and brown at the sides, streaked with purple lines. Pseudo-bulbs 8in. to 12in. long. Burmah, 1868. An erect slender-growing greenhouse species, but rather difficult to cultivate. (B. M. 5825.) D. Linawianum (Linaw's).* fl. pale rosy-lilac, nearly white in the centre, produced freely in pairs; lip tipped with crimson. Winter. h. 1ft. or more. China, 1824. A very handsome erect-growing greenhouse evergreen species, requiring pot culture. (B. R. 1314, B. M. 4153, under name of D. moniliforme.) There is a variety majus, which has larger and richer-coloured flowers. D. lituiflorum (trumpet-flowered).* fl. very much like those of D. nobile, but smaller; sepals and petals rosy-purple, very acute; lip white, bordered with purple, having a dark purple centre, and remarkable in being curved like a trumpet, with the mouth up-wards. April. Pseudo-bulbs 18in. to 20in. long, 1/2in. in diameter; node-like joints about 1 1/2in. apart. East Indies, 1856. A rare pendulous stove deciduous species, succeeding best when suspended from the roof in a basket of sphagnum. (B. M. 6050.) D. l.candidum (white). fl. pure white, with the faintest tinge of green on the lip. 1880. Very rare.
D. l. Freemanii (Freeman's). A deep-coloured form, with zone of labellum yellow, and erect, short, stiff pseudo-bulbs. Assam, 1878. D. longicornu majus (large long-spurred).* fl. white, fringed, freely produced from the upper part of two-year and older pseudo-bulbs, and from three to six together; lip with a yellow centre. May and June. Pseudo-bulbs 18in. to 20in. high. India. Stove. According to Mr. B. S. Williams, "there are two varieties, but the one now described is the best." Not unlike D. formosum, but not so robust in growth. (The type is figured B. R. 1315.) D. Lowi (Low's). fl. bright yellow, with reddish veins on the upper part of the lip, large, 2in. across, produced in racemes from the side of the stem near the top. Summer and autumn. Pseudo-bulbs 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. high, 1/4in. in diameter. Borneo, 1862. A very distinct erect stove evergreen species, well-grown plants of which are very rare. It succeeds in a pot or basket, or on a block. (B. M.5303.) D. luteolum (yellowish).* fl. Primrose-yellow, with a little orange and crimson on the lip, 1in. to 2in. across, produced in threes or fours from the upper part of the last-made pseudo-bulbs and branches. March. Pseudo-bulbs 1ft. to 2 1/2ft. long, 1/4in. in diameter. Moulmein, 1864. An erect (or usually so) greenhouse evergreen. The bulbs of some plants of this species throw out many branches, but there is a variety which makes an erect bulb 30in. high. The first-named form never does well unless, each year, the nodes from which these new growths proceed are brought down so that the roots can enter the peat and sphagnum. (B. M. 5441.) D. MacCarthiae (Mrs. MacCarthy's).* fl. large, nearly 3in. in length, and somewhat more in width, produced in drooping racemes of from three to five blossoms; sepals and petals very pointed, of a rich cerise-blue; lip lighter, sometimes almost white, 3in. long, scoop-shaped, veined with purple, and with a large dark blotch within. June. Pseudo-bulbs 1 1/2ft. to 2ft. long, 1/4in. in diameter. Ceylon, 1854. This is difficult to manage; it requires a high, moist, airy atmosphere to grow in, and should then be rested for some weeks in an intermediate temperature. It cannot withstand, even when at rest, a lower temperature than 50deg. (B. M. 4886.) D. macrophyllum (large-leaved).* fl. greenish-yellow, hairy outside, produced in long terminal erect racemes; lip three-lobed, striped and spotted with purple. Philippines, 1838. A tall-growing stove species, with club-shaped stems, which bear two or three broad leaves. (B. M. 5649.) D. marmoratum (marbled). fl. white, tipped with purple; lip purplish, ciliated. Burmah, 1875. A very pretty stove species, allied to D. transparens. D. moniliforme (beaded).* fl. white, with a few purple spots on the lip, deliciously fragrant, borne on the upper part of the previous year's leafless stems, in clusters of two or more blossoms from a joint. May. Pseudo-bulbs thin, about 10in. high, clothed with grass-like leaves. China and Japan, 1824. Greenhouse. (B. M. 5482, under name of D. japonicum.) The D. moniliforme of Lindley (B. R. 1314) is D. Linawianum.
D. moschatum (musk-scented).* fl. creamy-white, tinged with rose, large, over 2in. across; lip slipper-shaped, pale yellow, base darker, ornamented on each side with a large eye-like blotch of deep blackish-purple; racemes from the upper part of one-year and older pseudo-bulbs, drooping, eight to fourteen flowered. June. Pseudo-bulbs 3ft. to 5ft. high, 1/2in. in diameter; from twenty to thirty large leaves clothe the stem. East India, 1828. A very handsome but much neglected stove species, with an erect, evergreen, strong-growing habit. SYN. D. cupreum. (B. R. 1779.) D. mutabile (changeable). fl. white, or pinkish-white, with an orange mark on the lip, produced from the old pseudo-bulbs; spikes compactly eight to twelve-flowered. May. Pseudo-bulbs 4ft. to 6ft. long, frequently branched, and very leafy. East Indies, 1844. A delicate upright-growing stove evergreen species. SYN. D. triadenium. (B. M. 5285.) D. nobile (noble).* fl. large, very freely produced from two-year-old pseudo-bulbs; sepals and petals white, tipped with rosy-pink; lip white, rosy-pink in front, blotched at the base with deep velvety crimson. January to April. Pseudo-bulbs 2ft. to 3ft. high, 1/2in. in diameter, bearing from ten to sixteen bright green leaves. China, 1836. (G. C. n. s., xi. 564.) This greenhouse species is at once one of the oldest in cultivation, one of the best known, one of the easiest grown, one of the cheapest in commerce, and, withal, one of the most beautiful. It is an evergreen, and should be treated with pot culture if a large specimen is required; smaller examples may be grown in a basket. When growth is complete, remove it to a cool house, and keep it dry, or with just sufficient moisture to preserve its pseudo-bulbs from shrivelling. It usually flowers during spring and early summer; if required to blossom in winter, it should be placed in the stove during the autumn months. This is one of the species which vary their scent at different times of the day. According to M. Andre, the blossoms have an odour of grass in the morning, of honey at noon, and a faint Primrose scent in the evening. There are several varieties, including the following: D. n. intermedium (intermediate). fl., sepals and petals white; lip white, with a crimson spot in the centre. A rare, but distinct and desirable form. D. n. pendulum (pendulous). fl. large, richer in colour than the type; with a pendulous habit. Other varieties are: caerulescens, nobilius (a very splendid form), and Wallichianum.
D. nodatum (noded). A synonym of D. Aphrodite.
D. ochreatum (yellowish). fl. produced on the young growth, about 2in. across, very thick in substance; sepals and petals bright orange; lip with a crimson blotch in the centre. Pseudo-bulbs 8in. to 10in. long, nearly 1in. in diameter. Northern India, 1837. A very handsome pendulous stove deciduous plant. SYN. D. Cambridgeanum. (B. M. 4450.) D. Parishii (Parish's).* fl. purplish-rose, fading into white towards the centre, generally twin; lip shorter than the sepals and petals, very woolly, rose-coloured, with two eye-like purple blotches in front of the column. June. Pseudo-bulbs enveloped in a tissue-paper-like epidermis, 8in. to 14in. long, 1/2in. in diameter. Moulmein, 1863. A beautiful semi-erect stove de-ciduous species, allied to D. nobile, but quite distinct. (B. M. 5488.) D. Paxtoni (Paxton's). A synonym of D. fimbriatum oculatum. D. Pierardii (Pierard's).* fl. creamy-white or delicate pink, produced on long, beautifully festooned stems; lip Primrose-colour, with a few purple lines near the base. Winter. Pseudo-bulbs 2ft. to 4ft. long, 1/3in. in diameter. East Indies, 1815. A pendulous greenhouse deciduous species, best grown in a basket or on a block. (B. M. 2584.) There are several varieties, some of which are very inferior. One of the best is D. P. latifolium, in which the flowers are much finer than those of the type, and are rather more freely produced. It is rare. India, 1830.
D. primulinum (Primrose).* fl. produced in two rows along the stem; sepals and petals small, pinkish-white; lip downy, very large, shell-shaped, white, with a very faint tint of blue. February and March. Pseudo-bulbs 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. long, 1/2in. in diameter. Moulmein, 1864. A rare but handsome stove deciduous species, with a pendulous habit. (B. M. 5003.) D. pulchellum (beautiful).* fl. freely produced from the last matured growth; sepals and petals pinkish-white; lip rose, with an orange base; margin beautifully fringed or ciliated. March. Pseudo-bulbs branched, 6in. to 10in. long. North India. A dwarf stove deciduous species, requiring to be grown in a basket, and, when at rest, to be kept cool. (B. M. 5037.) D. rhodocentrum (red-spurred). fl. light rosy, produced from the upper portions of the two-year and older pseudo-bulbs, and disposed in hanging bunches of from six to twelve; petals tipped with purple; lip white, with a purplish stain at the apex, and a yellowish base. Autumn. Pseudo-bulbs 2ft. to 3ft. long, 1/4in. in diameter. 1872. A pendulous stove evergreen species. D. rhodopterygium (rose-winged). fl. deep rose; lip light purple, woolly, pouched. May. Pseudo-bulbs 1ft. to 1/2ft. high, 1/2in. in diameter. Burmah, 1875. An erect deciduous stove species, resembling D. Parishii, but with much larger pseudo-bulbs.
D. Ruckeri (Rucker's). fl. greenish-yellow, almost white externally, fragrant; lip with brown marking. Philippines, 1843. A pretty species, similar in habit to D. aureum.
D. sanguinolentum (blood-stained).* fl. produced in bunches of six or eight, from the upper parts of the old pseudo-bulbs; sepals and petals amber, veined with rose, and with purple tips; lip large, with its point heavily marked with purple. Autumn. Pseudo-bulbs 3ft. to 4ft. high, 1/2in. in diameter, thickly clothed with large dark green leaves. Ceylon, 1842. An erect stove evergreen species, with violet or lilac-coloured stems and leaves. (B. R. 1843, 6.) Mr. Williams mentions a variety named superbum, which he describes as a great improvement upon the typical form; it is much stronger in growth, with longer spikes and larger flowers. Borneo.
D. scabrilingue (rough-tongued).* fl. at first greenish, but soon changing to pure white, except the lip, which is shaded with green and yellow, and striped with orange; rather small, produced in pairs, and yielding a very delicious Wallflower-like perfume. Spring. Pseudo-bulbs 6in. to 10in. long, and about 1/3in. in diameter. Burmah, 1862. An erect stove evergreen species. SYN.D. hedyosmum. (B. M. 5515.) D. sculptum (carved). fl. pure white, about 2in. across, produced from the top of the matured growth, three or four on a spike; lip white, a square orange blotch on its centre. Pseudo-bulbs 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. long, 1/3in. thick. Borneo. An erect stove evergreen species.
D. secundum (side-flowering). fl. purple, with a yellow lip, small, disposed in short, dense racemes, which are produced from near the top of the two-year and older pseudo-bulbs. Winter. Pseudo-bulbs 2ft. to 3ft. high, 1/2in. in diameter, bearing short broad leaves. Malayan Islands, 1829. Erect stove evergreen. (B. M.4352.) D. senile (white-haired). fl. bright golden-yellow, about 1in. across, in short spikes of twos or threes from the sides of the last matured growth; lip with a few reddish transverse stripes. Spring. Pseudo-bulbs 4in. to 6in. long, 1/2in. in diameter. Moulmein, 1865. (B. M. 5520.) A rare but pretty erect stove deciduous species, having the stems and leaves densely clothed with long white hairs. This plant should be grown upon a block of wood, and kept surrounded with a genial atmosphere; but it does not enjoy overhead syringing. D. speciosum (showy).* fl. wax-like, creamy or yellowish-white, fragrant, small, but numerously disposed in a long terminal raceme (from 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. in length), curiously resupinate or inverted, the lip appearing at the upper part of the flower; sepals and petals incurved, narrow; lip with black specks. Autumn. Pseudo-bulbs very stout, 6in. to 10in. long, 1 1/2in. in diameter, crowned with two or three large coriaceous dark shining leaves. Eastern Australia, 1824. An erect greenhouse evergreen species, extremely easy to manage. When making its young growths, little heat is necessary; but when these are mature, it should be removed to the open air for two or three months, giving only sufficient water to keep the sun from shrivelling it up. It should be grown in a pot, and a little loam and leaf mould may be added to the compost with considerable advantage. (B. M. 3074.) D. s. Hillii (Hill's). fl., sepals and petals narrower and paler, and with longer but more slender spikes than those of the type. Pseudo-bulbs about double the length, and half the thickness, of those of D. speciosum. 1861. A remarkably floriferous plant. (B. M. 5261.) D. suavissimum (very sweet-scented).* fl. rich yellow, about 2 1/2in. across, with a strong Hawthorn-like fragrance, produced in erect spikes of eight to twelve, from the leafy part of one-year and older pseudo-bulbs; lip the same colour, with a conspicuous central blotch of brownish-purple; outer edge very delicately fringed. June. Burmah, 1873. Habit of growth the same as D. chrysotoxum. Stove. (Gn., Feb. 23, 1878.) D. sulcatum (furrowed). fl. in a drooping raceme from the leafy joints; sepals and petals amber, with crimson veins; lip amber, with deep crimson markings. February. Pseudo-bulbs 6in. to 9in. high, swelling upwards, bearing two or three large leaves in the upper part. India, 1837. An erect stove evergreen species. (B. R. 1838, 65.) D. superbiens (superb).* fl. usually light purple, but sometimes claret, shaded with brown, about 2in. across; spikes erect or arching, bearing from eight to twelve flowers, and produced from the upper part of the pseudo-bulbs; sepals and petals undulated or waved. Autumn. Pseudo-bulbs 1ft. to 3ft. high, 1in. in diameter. North Australia, 1876. An erect stove evergreen species. (Gn., Sept. 14, 1878.) D. s. Goldiei (Goldie's). A very elegant form, with violet-coloured flowers. North Australia, 1878.
D. superbum (superb). fl. pink, tinged with rose, about 3in. or 4in. across, proceeding in a row on each side of the stems; lip rich purple. April. Pseudo-bulbs 1 1/2ft. to 2 1/2ft. long, 1/4in. in diameter. Philippines. A pendulous stove semi-deciduous species, with flowers having a strong odour, like Turkey rhubarb; this objection will be unnoticed if the plant is grown in a basket suspended from the roof. (B. M. 3970, under the name of D. macranthum.) D. s. anosmum (scentless).* fl. large, from 2in. to 3in. across, produced in pairs down the stem; sepals and petals rosy-pink; lip purple. Spring. Pseudo-bulbs 1ft. to 2ft. long, and about 1/4in. in diameter. Manilla, 1840. A drooping stove deciduous species, best grown in a basket. Reichenbach considers this a variety of D. superbum, but the petals and sepals are broader, and the flowers are better-shaped and have no rhubarb scent. (P. M. B. xv. 97.) D. s. giganteum (gigantic). fl. from 5in. to 7in. across; sepals and petals rose-purple; lip same colour, fringed and marked at the base with two purplish-red spots. Pseudo-bulbs much shorter and thicker than in the type. Manilla.
D. s. Huttonii (Hutton's). fl., sepals and petals pure white; lip downy, brilliant purple on the inside. This splendid, but rare, variety is almost entirely without the rhubarb scent of the type. Malay Archipelago. There are two or three other varieties.
D. Tattonianum (Tatton's). A synonym of D. canaliculatum. D. taurinum (bull-headed). fl., sepals yellowish-green; petals deep purple, long, curling, and spread out like the horns of a bull (whence the specific name); lip white, margined with purplish-violet. Autumn. h. 5ft. Manilla. 1837. A strong-growing stove evergreen species, with upright stems; it is best grown in a pot. (B. R. 1843, 28.) D. teretifolium (terete-leaved). fl. white, numerously produced in short bunches from the base of the pseudo-bulb; lip with black specks. October. Pseudo-bulbs small, much jointed, branching, bearing at their points a solitary terete pendulous leaf, which is 9in. long by 1/4in. in diameter. North-east Australia, 1823. A pendulous stove evergreen species. (B. M. 4711.) D. thyrsiflorum (thyrse-flowered). A synonym of D. densiflorum albo-luteum. D. tortile (twisted). fl. pale yellow, almost white, suffused with purplish-rose; sepals and petals long, slightly twisted. June. Pseudo-bulbs 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. high, 3/4in. in diameter. Moulmein, 1847. An erect stove evergreen species, flowering in the same manner as D. nobile. (B. M. 4477.) The variety roseum is extremely pretty, having flowers of a delicate rose, shaded with yellow. It resembles the type in every other respect. D. transparens (transparent).* fl. transparent white, tinged with purplish-rose towards the tips, 1in. to 1 1/2in. across, produced in pairs along the stems; lip stained in the middle with a blotch of deep crimson encircled by a yellow zone. March. Pseudo-bulbs 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. high. Assam, &c. An elegant, slender, erect stove deciduous plant. (B. M. 4663.) D. triadenium (three-gland-lipped). A synonym of D. mutabile. D. Wardianum (Ward's).* fl. about 3 1/2in. in diameter, thirty to forty to a pseudo-bulb; sepals and petals white, upper portion bright rich magenta, broad, thick, wavy, blunt at the tips; lip large, white above, rich orange in the lower part, with two deep eye-like spots of crimson-magenta. May. Pseudo-bulbs 2ft. to 4ft. long, 1in. in diameter; nodes about 1 1/2in. apart. Assam, 1863. A splendid stove deciduous species, requiring to be cultivated in a basket or upon a block of wood, as its stems are long and pendulous, the joints much swollen. During the growing season, it enjoys an abundant supply of water, with a good heat; but, when the growths are complete, the plant should be removed to a cooler atmosphere, and less water, as a matter of course, will suffice. The two following varieties are both rare and very desirable: candidum (=album) sepals and petals pure white; lip the same, but with an orange-coloured base. (F. M. n. s. 212.) Lowii, flowers white, rose, purple-brown.
D. Williamsonii (Williamson's). fl. ivory-white, slightly tinged with brown; lip large, with a blood-red spot. Stems erect, bearing strap-shaped leaves, clothed with short soft hairs. Assam, 1869. Stove plant, somewhat difficult to cultivate.
D. xanthophlebium (yellow-veined).* fl. produced in pairs upon the last matured and older pseudo-bulbs; sepals and petals white; lip medium-sized, spotted with orange; margin white. Pseudo-bulbs very small. h. 1ft. Moulmein, 1864. Stove.
HYBRIDS. The hybrid forms, although not numerous, are well worth cultivating. Unlike those of many other genera, they do not materially outdistance their progenitors in either form, colour, beauty, or other respect. Those mentioned below are fairly representative:
D. Ainsworthii (Ainsworth's).* fl. about 3in. across, with a strong, Violet-like perfume; sepals and petals white, with a slight tinge of rose; lip white, with a large central blotch of claret-colour. February and March. Pseudo-bulbs 1ft. to 2 1/2ft. long, about 1/2in. in diameter. A strong, erect, stiff-growing stove plant, the foliage of which is retained on each pseudo-bulb for two years. Obtained from D. heterocarpum and D. nobile. (G. C. n. s., viii. 166.) D. Dominyanum (Dominy's). fl. rose-coloured, very pretty, produced upon two-year old bulbs. Spring. A very pretty hybrid between D. nobile and D. Linawianum, with habit and growth of the former. It is interesting from being the result of one of Mr. Dominy's first efforts in hybridising Orchids. Stove. D. endocharis (side-flowering).* fl. produced from the sides of the two-year old pseudo-bulbs; sepals and petals nearly pure white; lip the same, but with brown lines. January. Pseudo-bulbs 1ft. long, 1/2in. in diameter. A very handsome stove plant, the result of a cross between D. heterocarpum and D. moniliforme.
D. Leechianum (Leech's).* fl. sepals and petals white, tipped with rose-purple; lip margined with white; centre a large dark purple blotch. Hybrid between D. aureum and D. nobile. Green-house. (Gn., July 7, 1883.) D. rhodostoma (red-mouthed). fl. three or four together in a pendulous bunch, which is produced from the upper parts of one-year and older pseudo-bulbs; sepals and petals deep rose; lip large, well expanded, rosy-purple, with deep purple markings. Autumn. Pseudo-bulbs 2ft. to 2 1/2ft. high, 1/4in. in diameter. A very handsome Veitchian hybrid between D. Huttonii and D. sanguinolentum. Stove.
D. splendidissimum (very splendid). fl., sepals and petals cream-coloured, tipped with purple; lip yellowish, with a blackish-purple disk. A fine hybrid between D. aureum, and D. nobile or D. macrophyllum. Stove. DENDROCHILUM (from dendron, a tree, and cheilos, a lip; in allusion to the plant having lipped flowers and growing as an epiphyte on trees). ORD. Orchideae. A small genus of two or three species of stove Orchids, with long pendulous racemes of rather in-conspicuous yellowish flowers, and narrow, one-leaved pseudo-bulbs. The two species which have been in cultivation are D. aurantiacum and D. pallidiflavens.
D. Cobbianum. See Platyclinis Cobbiana.
D. filiforme. See Platyclinis filiformis.
D. glumaceum. See Platyclinis glumacea.
DENDROSERIS (from dendron, a tree, and seris, a kind of endive; referring to its habit and form of leaves). ORD. Compositae. Handsome greenhouse trees, thriving in a rich loam. There are seven species, all natives of Juan Fernandez, but probably the only one hitherto introduced is that described below. Propagated by seeds. It is, however, usually cultivated from imported plants.
D. macrophylla (large-leaved). fl.-heads deep orange. Summer. Stem usually simple, surmounted by a crown of leaves and a drooping panicle of large flowers. h. 10ft. 1877. (B. M. 6353.) DENTARIA (from dens, a tooth; referring to the fanged roots). Toothwort. ORD. Cruciferae. A genus of very ornamental hardy herbaceous perennials. Radical leaves none or few, on long stalks; cauline ones stalked, placed on the middle of the stem, alternate or in whorls, palmately or pinnately cut. Stem erect, bearing the raceme at the top; pedicels filiform, bractless. Rootstocks creeping, scaly. They are of very simple culture in a rich, light soil, and a moist, shaded situation. Propagated by carefully-made divisions of the root; or by seed. There are about twenty species, all confined to North temperate regions.
D. bulbifera. (bulb-bearing). fl. purple, few, rather large. April. l., cauline ones alternate, pinnate; upper ones undivided, or with few segments, for the most part bearing bulbs in the axils. h. 1 1/2ft. to 2ft. Europe (England). (Sy. En. B. 107.) D. digitata. (digitate).* fl. rich purple. May. l., cauline ones many, alternate, stalked, palmately cut into five oblong-lanceolate, pointed, grossly serrated segments. h. 1 1/2ft. South Europe, 1659. (L. B. C. 757.) D. diphylla. (two-leaved).* fl. white on the inside, purple on the outside. May. l., cauline ones two, alternate, on short stalks, cut into three ovate-lanceolate, grossly and unequally serratelobed segments. h. 6in. to 1ft. North America, 1810. (B. M. 1465.) D. glandulosa (glandular). fl. purplish. May. l. three in a whorl, stalked, ternate; segments oval-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated, bearing glands in the axils. h. 1ft. Hungary, 1815.
D. laciniata. (jagged). fl. rose-coloured, or almost white, large. April. l. three in a whorl, on short stalks, three-parted; lobes or segments linear, entire, or deeply serrated or jagged. h. 1ft. North America, 1823. D. pinnata. (pinnate). fl. white, or pale purple, large. May. l., cauline ones alternate, stalked, pinnate; segments oblong, acuminated, serrate-toothed. h. 1ft. Switzerland, &c., 1683. (R. G. 623.) D. polyphylla. (many-leaved).* fl. cream-coloured, large. May. l. three in a whorl, or alternate, stalked, pinnate; segments seven or nine, approximate, lanceolate, acuminated, serrated. h. 1ft. Hungary, 1817, (R. G. 171.) D. tenella. (slender). fl. purple, about the size of those of Cardamine pratensis. April. l. two, alternate, sessile, cut into three linear-elliptical entire segments. h. 9in. North America, 1826.