Yucca
(a native name of the genus). Adam's Needle; Bear's Grass; Spanish Bayonet. ORD. Liliaceae. A genus (comprising, according to Engelmann twelve, according to Baker twenty-one, species) of handsome, stove, greenhouse, or hardy plants, allied to Dracaena and Cordyline; they inhabit the Southern United States, Mexico, and Central America. Flowers rather large, shortly pedicellate at the sides of the panicle branches, pendulous; perianth segments distinct or scarcely connate near the base, lanceolate-ovate, rather thick, more or less connivent in a globe; stamens six, hypogynous, erect, much shorter than the perianth; filaments rather thick; anthers small, sessile or adnate with the tips of the filaments; panicle terminal, showy, many-flowered, sub-sessile amongst the leaves, or supported on a bracteate peduncle. Fruit sometimes fleshy, pulpy, or nearly spongy, sometimes dry, septicidally or loculidally three-valved Leaves clustered at the apex of the caudex, linear-lanceolate, thick and rigid or rarely flaccid, usually spinescent at apex, the margins entire or filamentose. Caudex or stem woody, sometimes dwarf, sometimes at length tall and arborescent, branched. All the Yuccas thrive in a rich, light soil, and may be propagated either by divisions, planted in the open ground, or by means of pieces of the thick, fleshy roots, cut into lengths, and inserted in sandy soil, in heat. Seeds of any of the species are rarely, if ever, produced in this country. Many of the plants make noble objects if properly placed and suitably treated. The greenhouse ones may be plunged in their pots, &c., and used for subtropical effects in the open air during the summer months. Except where otherwise indicated, the under-mentioned species are hardy.
Most of the descriptions are translated from Mr. Baker's admirable Monograph of Aloineae and Yuccoideae, which appeared in the "Journal of the Linnean Society," vol. xviii.
Y.acuminata (taper-pointed), of Sweet. A form of Y. gloriosa. Y. acuminata (taper-pointed), of gardens. A synonym of Y. flexilis. Y. acutifolia (acute-leaved). fl. large, pendent, moderately expanded; perianth strongly striated and spotted with dark brown; panicle columnar, about 5ft. high, the flowering branches short and erect. Summer. l. sub-erect, stiff, channelled, shortly acuminate, 2 1/2ft. long, bordered by a line of deep red. French gardens, 1869.
Y. agavoides (Agave-like). A garden synonym of Y. Treculeana. Y. albo-spica (white-spiked). A synonym of Y. constricta. Y. aloifolia (Aloe-leaved).* fl., perianth white, 1 1/2in. to 2in. long, the segments oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1/2in. to 1in. broad; lower pedicels 1in. to 1 1/2in., upper ones 1/2in. to 3/4in., long; panicle rhomboid, dense, 1ft. to 2ft. long, the branches ascending; peduncle very short. May and June. l. fifty to 100 rigid, ensiform, 1ft. to 1 1/2ft long, 1in. to 1 1/4in. broad, green, glaucous-tinged, with a pungent, reddish-brown horn at the tip, the margins whitish, serrulated. Stem slender, sometimes 15ft. to 20ft. high, usually simple. West Indies to North Carolina. Greenhouse. (B. M. 1700; P. M. B. iii. 25.) The following, most of which are often classed as species, are regarded, by Baker, as varieties of Y. aloifolia: Atkinsi and purpurea, dwarf, with purplish leaves; arcuata, crenulata, and tenuifolia, small forms, with narrow, more or less arched leaves; conspicua, leaves looser, broader, recurved, 1 1/2in. broad; Draconis (G. C. 1870, p. 828), leaves looser, longer, recurved; quadricolor, leaves reddish-tinged; tricolor (=lineata-lutea), a common form in gardens, having leaves variegated with white and yellow; variegata, leaves with whitish stripes. Y. angustifolia (narrow-leaved), of Pursh.* fl., perianth greenish outside, campanulate, the segments oblong, acute, 2in. to 2 1/2in. long, 3/4in. to 1 1/4in. broad; pedicels 1/2in. to 1in. long; raceme terminal, thirty to forty-flowered, sometimes simple, often with a few ascending branches at the base, 3ft. to 4ft. long; peduncle nearly 1ft. long. July. l. 100 or more, dense, rigid, linear, 1 1/2ft. to 2ft. long, three to four lines broad, channelled above, pungent-pointed, the pale reddish-brown margins copiously filamentose. Missouri, &c., 1811. Plant nearly stemless.(B. M. 2236.) Y. a. stricta (straight). fl., inflorescence more compound; peduncle 2ft. to 3ft. long. l. 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad, narrowed at base, less rigid, and less pungent-pointed. Arkansas, 1817.(B. M. 2222, under name of Y. stricta.) Y. angustifolia (narrow-leaved), of Carriere. A synonym of Y. constricta. Y. angustifolia (narrow-leaved), of gardens. A synonym of Y. flexilis. Y. antwerpensis (Antwerp). A form of Y. filamentosa. Y. arcuata (arcuate). A form of Y. aloifolia.
Y. argospatha (white-spathed). fl., perianth pure white, large; pedicels long and slender; bracts satiny-white, undulated; panicle pyramidal. Summer. l. numerous, channelled, 2ft. to 2 1/2ft. long, having reddish, finely-denticulate margins, and a sharp, brownish-yellow, spiny point. Stem short. Grenoble Botanic Garden, 1869. Allied to, and perhaps a form of, Y. Treculeana.
Y. argyrophylla (silvery-leaved). A synonym of Furcraea Bedinghausii. Y. Atkinsi (Atkins'). A form of Y. aloifolia.
Y. baccata (berried). fl., perianth white, 2in. to 3in. long, the segments oblong-lanceolate, 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad; bracts large, lanceolate; inflorescence 5ft. to 6ft. long, on an elongated peduncle, the branches 6in. long, often glabrous. Summer. fr. purple, ovoid or oblong, baccate, 3in. to 5in. long, edible. l. ensiform, thick, very rigid, 1 1/2ft. to 3ft. long, 1in. to 2in. broad, scabrous, slightly concave above, pungent-tipped, the reddish-brown margins copiously filamentose, very squarrose. h. 8ft. to 10ft.; or plant stemless. Colorado, 1873. Hardy or half-hardy. (I. H. n. s. 115.) Y. b. australis (Southern). A synonym of Y. filifera. Y. b. circinata (curled-threaded). l. 2ft. to 2 1/2ft. long, five to six lines broad, copiously circinate-thready.
Y. b. fragilifolia (fragile-leaved). l. weaker than in the type, the outer ones recurved, 1 1/2ft. long, six to seven lines broad, the margins having a few threads above only. Trunk short and slender.
Y. b. periculosa (dangerous). l. straight, 2 1/2ft. to 3ft. long, eight to nine lines broad, channelled from base to apex, copiously filamentose in the upper half.
Y. b. scabrifolia (scabrous-leaved). l. rather fragile, the outer ones recurved, 1 1/2ft. to 2ft. long, four to five lines broad, of a pleasing green, paler in the middle, and channelled above, rounded at back, the margins arcuate-filamentose.
Y. Boerhaavii (Boerhaav's). l. about 200, linear, straight, the lower ones only recurved, 2ft. or more long, 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad, acuminate, much dilated at base, green (young ones slightly glaucescent), scarcely pungent at apex, the margins entire, narrowly bordered with red-brown or paler. Mexico (?), 1870. Greenhouse.
Y. canaliculata (channelled). A form of Y. Treculeana. Y. circinata (curled-threaded). A form of Y. baccata. Y. concava (concave), of Haworth. A form of Y. filamentosa. Y. concava (concave), of gardens. A synonym of Y. Treculeana. Y. conspicua (conspicuous). A form of Y. aloifolia.
Y. constricta (constricted). fl., perianth white, 2in. long, the segments oblong, acute; pedicels four to six lines long; panicle deltoid, 3ft. to 4ft. long, the branches ascending, 6in. to 9in. long, ten to fifteen-flowered; peduncle elongated. Summer. l. 100 to 200, dense, rigid, linear, 1 1/2ft. to 2ft. long, six to eight lines broad, slightly narrowed at base, channelled above, pungent-tipped, the narrow, red-brown margins very filamentose. Stem simple, 3ft. to 5ft. high. Utah to North Mexico, 1862. Half-hardy. SYNS. Y. albo-spica (F. d. S. ser. ii., vii., p. 110), Y. angustifolia, of Carriere (R. H. ix. 1860, f. 3).
Y. contorta (twisted). A name applied in gardens to both Y. rupicola and Y. Treculeana.
Y. cornuta (horned). A garden synonym of Y. Treculeana. Y. crenulata (crenulate). A form of Y. aloifolia.
Y. Desmetiana (De Smet's). l. 100 to 200, rather loosely disposed, linear, nearly 1ft. long, 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad, all recurved, the young ones purple, glaucous, the old ones green, not pungent at apex, with narrow, pale, serrulated margins, dilated at base. Mexico, 1868. Greenhouse. Y. Draconis (dragon's). A form of Y. aloifolia.
Y. Ellacombei (Ellacombe's). A form of Y. gloriosa.
Y. ensifolia (sword-leaved). A form of Y. flexilis.
Y. exigua (dwarf). fl., perianth white, tinged with green outside, the segments oblong, acute, 1 1/2in. long; bracts large, lanceolate; pedicels very short; panicle loose, 3ft. long, the branches pubescent, ascending, 6in. long; peduncle elongated, furnished with much-reduced, lanceolate leaves. Summer. l. thirty to forty, ensiform, 1 1/2ft. long, 1in. to 1 1/4in. broad, similar to those of Y. gloriosa, the margins brown, entire. Western North America, 1873. Plant stemless. (Ref. B. 314.) Y. falcata (sickle-leaved). A form of Y. flexilis.
Y. filamentosa (thready). Silk Grass. fl., perianth white, tinged with green outside, 1 1/2in. to 2in. long, the segments oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1/2in. to 3/4in. broad; pedicels drooping, 1/4in. to 1/2in. long; bracts large, scarious; panicle rhomboid, the branches flexuous, ascending, 6in. long; peduncle elongated; inflorescence 4ft. to 8ft. long. June. l. thirty to fifty, in a dense rosette, ensiform, 1 1/2ft. to 2ft. long, 1 1/2in. to 2in. broad, rather firm, Reed-like, slightly glaucescent, the whitish margins clothed with thread-like filaments. North America, 1675. Plant stemless or nearly so.(B. M. 900; Ref. B. 324; R. H. 1860, p. 214.) Y. f. antwerpensis (Antwerp). fl., panicle 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. long, the branches four to six, shortly pubescent; inflorescence 2ft. to 3ft. long, l. fifteen to twenty, erecto-patent, 1ft. to 1 1/4ft. long, 1in. broad, the marginal threads few and very slender. 1875. (B. M. 6316, under name of Y. orchioides major.) Y. f. aureo-variegata (golden-variegated). l. marked with bright yellow, longitudinal bands. 1884. Greenhouse.
Y. f. concave (concave). l. 1 1/2ft. long, 3in. to 4in. broad, erect-incurved, concave on the face. 1810.
Y. f. flaccida (flaccid).* fl., perianth segments broad; panicle branches pubescent. l. slenderer and weaker than in the type, much recurved, the marginal fibres stronger. 1816. SYN. Y. flaccida (B. R. 1895; Ref. B. 323; R. H. 1859, p. 556).
Y. f. glaucescens (glaucescent). fl., perianth segments fifteen to sixteen lines long; panicle and rachis densely clothed with bluish-grey pubescence. l. more glaucous than in the type, 1in. broad, the marginal threads rarely slenderer. 1819. SYN. Y. glaucescens (S. B. F. G. 53). Y. f. grandiflora (large-flowered). A synonym of Y. f. maxima. Y. f. major (greater). A synonym of Y. f. maxima.
Y. f. maxima (largest). fl., perianth 2 1/2in. to 3in. long, the segments more acuminate than in the type. 1873. (Ref. B. 325.) This is also known as Y. f. grandiflora and Y. f. major. There is a white-variegated form. Y. f. orchioides (Orchis-like).* fl., perianth segments ovate, 1in. long; raceme simple, 9in. long; peduncle 1 1/2ft. long. l. ten to twelve, 6in. to 9in. long, eight to ten lines broad, scarcely filamentose on the margins. 1861. SYN. Y. orchioides (R. H. 1861, p. 370).
Y. f. puberula (puberulous). fl., perianth segments oblong-lanceolate, 1 1/2in. to 1 3/4in. long; panicle branches pubescent. l. weaker and more recurved than in the type. SYN. Y. puberula (Ref. B. 322; S. B. F. G. 251). Y. filifera (thread-bearing). fl., inflorescence 6ft. to 8ft. long, on a short peduncle, the branches sometimes 2ft. long. fr. fleshy, indistinctly ribbed, pendulous in a young state, erect afterwards. l. 1 1/2ft. long, obscure green, lightly channelled, 1in. to 1 1/4in. broad. Trunk sometimes 50ft. high, 2ft. to 3ft. in diameter. Mexico, 1826. Greenhouse. (R. H. 1876, p. 433.) SYN. Y. baccata australis (of Baker).
Y. flaccida (flaccid). A form of Y. filamentosa.
Y. flexilis (flexible). fl., perianth white, 3in. long, the segments oblong, acute; pedicels 1/2in. to 3/4in. long, the bracts small; inflorescence 4ft. long, the central branches 6in. long, six to nine-flowered. Summer. l. dense, linear, 2ft. to 2 1/2ft. long, 1in. to 1 1/2in. broad, obscurely plicate, moderately firm, pungent-pointed, the margins horny, red-brown, entire or sometimes obscurely serrulated. Caudex simple, short. Mexico, 1859. Greenhouse. (R. H. 1859, p. 400.) SYNS. Y. acuminata, Y. angustifolia, Y. longifolia, Y. mexicana, Y. stenophylla (all of gardens). Y. f. ensifolia (sword-leaved).* fl., perianth slightly tinged with red outside, 2in. long; peduncle rather shorter than the leaves. l. forty to eighty, nearly erect, pale green (at first slightly glaucescent), 2ft. to 2 1/2ft. long, 1 1/4in. to 1 1/2in. broad. Stem slender, sometimes 4ft. to 5ft. high. 1870. SYN. Y. ensifolia (Ref. B. 318).
Y. f. falcata (sickle-shaped). fl., perianth white, slightly tinged with green on the outside, 2in. to 2 1/2in. long; panicle rhomboid, rather loose, 2ft. long; peduncle 1ft. long. l. 100 to 150, green, straight, 2ft. long, 1 1/4in. to 1 1/2in. broad. Plant nearly stemless.
Y. f. nobilis (noble). l. sixty to eighty, nearly straight, 1ft. to 1 1/4ft. long, 1 1/4in. to 1 1/2in. broad, concave on the face, the margins horny, pale or red-brown; young ones very glaucescent.
Y. f. semi-cylindrica (half-cylindrical). l. forty to fifty, 1 1/2ft. to 2ft. long, nine to ten lines broad, pale green (at first slightly glaucescent), the outer ones recurved, channelled above from base to apex, the margins red-brown. 1870.
Y. fragilifolia (fragile-leaved). A form of Y. baccata. Y. funifera (cord-bearing). l. not numerous, ensiform, 6ft. to 7ft. long, thick, rigid, dingy-green, striolated, the margins furnished with robust, tenacious processes, often 10in. to 12in. long. Mexico, about 1866. Greenhouse. Perhaps a variety of Y. Treculeana.
Y. Ghiesbreghtii (Ghiesbreght's). A garden synonym of Y. guatemalensis. Y. gigantea (gigantic). Fl., perianth white, 3in. to 3 1/2in. long; panicle 2ft. to 2 1/2ft. long, with twelve to fifteen branches, the central ones nearly 1ft. long, eight to ten-flowered. Summer. l. ensiform, straight, spreading, shining-green, 4ft. to 5ft. long, 3in. to 3 1/2in. broad, acuminate, pungent-pointed, the margins whitish; lower ones scarcely recurved. Stem (in gardens) simple, slender, 3ft. to 4ft. high. Mexico (?), 1859. Greenhouse.
Y. glauca (glaucous).* fl., perianth white, broadly campanulate, the segments oblong, 1 1/2in. long; lower pedicels five to six lines long; bracts small, lanceolate; panicle rhomboid, 2ft. to 3ft. long, the branches ascending, glabrous; peduncle 3ft. long. Summer. l. twenty-five to thirty, dense, ensiform, 1 1/2ft. long, 1 1/4in. to 1 1/2in. broad, the young ones slightly glaucous, somewhat pungent at apex, with very narrow, red-brown, entire or slightly filamentose margins, the outer ones recurved. North America, 1814. Plant stemless, half-hardy. (B. M. 2662; Ref. B. 315.) Y. glaucescens (glaucescent). A form of Y. filamentosa. Y. gloriosa (glorious).* Mound Lily. fl., perianth tinged with red outside, campanulate, 1 1/2in. to 2 1/2in. long, the segments oblong, acute; pedicels four to twelve lines long; bracts small, lanceolate; panicle rhomboid, rather dense, 4ft. to 6ft. long, with erecto-patent, glabrous or pubescent branches, the lower ones 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. long; peduncle elongated, furnished with reduced leaves. July. l. 100 or more in a dense rosette, 1 1/2ft. to 3ft. long, 2in. to 3in. broad, rigid, erect, obscure-green, slightly glaucescent, somewhat concave on the face and scabrous at back, pungent-pointed, the narrow, red-brown margins entire, or in young forms obscurely serrulated. Stem when old 4ft. to 6ft. high, simple or branched. United States, 1596. See Fig. 247. (B.M. 1260; Ref. B. 320.) Y. g. acuminata (taper-pointed). fl. fewer; perianth 1 1/2in. to 2in. long; panicle smaller. l. fifty to sixty, 6in. to 2ft. long, 1 1/2in. to 1 3/4in. broad, green, straight, acuminate. 1800. Nearly stemless. SYN. Y. acuminata (Ref. B. 316; S.B.F.G. 195). Y. patens is a similar form, with more numerous, broader, and more glaucescent leaves.
Y. g. Ellacombei (Ellacombe's). fl., perianth segments acuminate, 2 1/2in. to 3in. long; lower pedicles 1in. to 1 1/2in. long. l. forty to fifty, nearly straight, 2ft. to 2 1/2ft. long, 1 1/2in. to 1 3/4in. broad, concave on the face at length smooth. Nearly stemless. SYN. Y. Ellacombei (Ref. B. 317). Y. g. medio-striata (middle-striped). l. having a broad, whitish-green band down the centre on each side. 1880 (F. d. S. 2393-4.) Y. g. minor (lesser). fl., perianth 1 1/2in. long; pedicels short; inflorescence 3ft. to 4ft. long. l. straight, 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. long, 1 1/4in. to 1 1/2in. broad. Dwarfer than the type (Ref. B. 319.) Y. g. obliqua (oblique). l. glaucous, 1 1/2in. to 2in. broad, oblique, bending. 1808.
Y. g. plicata (plaited). fl., perianth 2in. long; panicle large. l. slenderer than in the type, but straight, much plaited, 1 1/2ft. to 2 1/4ft. long, 2in. to 2 1/2in. broad, slightly scabrous at back.
Y. g. pruinosa (pruinose). l. seventy to eighty, straight, nearly flat in the middle, 2ft. to 2 1/2ft. long, fifteen to sixteen lines broad, glaucescent. Nearly stemless.
Y. g. recurvifolia (recurved-leaved).* fl., perianth segments more narrowed at apex than in the type. l. 100 to 150, weaker than in the type, 2ft. to 3ft. long, the outer ones much recurved, less pungent at apex, flat and obscurely plicate in the middle above, concave only just above the base and below the apex; young ones glaucous. Stem short, often branched. 1794. See Figs. 248 and 249. SYNS. Y. japonica (of gardens), Y. pendula (R.H. 1859, p. 490), Y. recurva, Y. recurvifolia (Ref. B. 321). The garden form foliis-variegatis has a pale greenish-red stripe down the centre. 1883. (I.H. 1883, 475.) Y. g. rufocincta (reddish-girdled). l. slightly recurved, sub-glaucescent, 2in. broad, smooth on both sides, with clearly-defined, reddish-brown margins. 1816. Nearly stemless.
Y. g. superba (superb). fl. larger than in the type; panicle branches much spreading. l. broad and straight. Trunk at length 10ft. high. (A. B. R. 473, under name of Y. gloriosa.) Y. g. tortulata (slightly-twisted). l. about forty, straight, glaucescent, 1 1/2in. to 1 3/4in. long, fourteen to fifteen lines broad, often oblique, flexuous. 1873. Stemless.
Y. guatemalensis (Guatemala). fl., perianth white, 2 1/2in. to 3in. long, the segments oblong-lanceolate, acute, 3/4in. to 1in. broad, the outer ones broader; pedicels 3/4in. to 1 1/2in. long; bracts white, scarious; panicle dense, rhomboid, 2ft. to 3ft. long, the central branches 6in. long; peduncle very short. Summer. l. fifty or more, loosely disposed, ensiform, 2ft. to 3ft. long, 2in. to 3in. broad, shining-green, scarcely pungent at apex, the whitish margins obscurely serrulated; upper ones ascending, much recurved. Stems sometimes 15ft. to 20ft. high, usually simple and tuberous at base. Mexico and Guatemala, 1873. Habit of Y. aloifolia. (Ref. B. 313.) SYNS. Y. Ghiesbreghtii and Y. Roezlii (of gardens).
Y. japonica (Japanese). A garden synonym of Y. gloriosa recurvifolia. Y. laevigata (smooth). A garden synonym of Y. Peacockii. Y. lineata-lutea (yellow-lined). A form of Y. aloifolia. Y. longifolia (long-leaved). A synonym of Y. flexilis. Y. lutescens (yellowish). A synonym of Y. rupicola.
Y. macrocarpa (large-fruited). fl., panicle sub-sessile, with lanceolate, white, fleshy bracts. fr. pale yellowish, cylindrical, obtuse, not marked by any ridges, pulpy, 4in. to 6in. long, 6in. to 7in. in circumference, of a pleasant, sweetish, acidulous taste. l. spreading, sharp-pointed, concave, with entire margins. Trunk 1ft. to 4ft. high. Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona. This species is closely allied to Y. baccata.
Y. mexicana (Mexican). A synonym of Y. flexilis.
Y. nobilis (noble). A form of Y. flexilis.
Y. obliqua (oblique). A form of Y. gloriosa.
Y. orchioides (Orchis-like). A form of Y. filamentosa. Y. o. major (greater). A synonym of Y. filamentosa antwerpensis. Y. Parmentieri (Parmentier's). A synonym of Furcraea Bedinghausii. Y. patens (spreading). A form of Y. gloriosa.
Y. Peacockii (Peacock's). l. about 100 (forming a dense rosette 3ft. in diameter), straight, linear, 1 1/4in. to 1 1/2in. long, 1in. broad, obscure-green, smooth and channelled on the face, rounded and slightly scabrous at back, pungent-pointed, the margins entire, reddish-brown. Mexico (?), 1879. Greenhouse. SYN. Y. laevigata (of gardens). Y. pendula (pendulous). A synonym of Y. gloriosa recurvifolia. Y. periculosa (dangerous). A form of Y. baccata.
Y. polyphylla (many-leaved). A synonym of Y. constricta. Y. pruinosa (pruinose). A form of Y. gloriosa.
Y. puberula (puberulous). A form of Y. filamentosa.
Y. purpurea (purple). A form of Y. aloifolia.
Y. quadricolor (four-coloured). A form of Y. aloifolia. Y. recurva (recurved). A synonym of Y. gloriosa recurvifolia. Y. recurvifolia (recurved-leaved). A form of Y. gloriosa. Y. revoluta (revolute). A garden synonym of Y. Treculeana. Y. Roezlii (Roezl's). A garden synonym of Y. guatemalensis. Y. rufocincta (red-girdled). A form of Y. gloriosa.
Y. rupicola (rock-loving). fl., perianth white, slightly greenish externally, 2in. to 3in. long, the segments oblong, acute, nine to fourteen lines broad; pedicels 1/2in. to 3/4in. long; bracts small, lanceolate; panicle loose, with ascending branches, the lower ones 6in. long; peduncle 3ft. long, furnished with reduced leaves. Summer. l. dense, ensiform, 1 1/2ft. to 2ft. long, 3/4in. to 1 1/2in. broad, often twisted, pungent-pointed, smooth above, slightly scabrous at back, with pale, serrulated margins. Texas. Plant stemless. SYNS. Y. contorta and Y. tortilis (of gardens), Y. lutescens. Y. scabrifolia (scabrid-leaved). A form of Y. baccata. Y. semi-cylindrica (half-cylindrical). A form of Y. flexilis. Y. stenophylla (narrow-leaved). A synonym of Y. flexilis. Y. stricta (straight). A form of Y. angustifolia.
Y. superba (superb). A form of Y. gloriosa.
Y. tenuifolia (slender-leaved). A form of Y. aloifolia. Y. Toneliana (Tonel's). A synonym of Furcraea Bedinghausii. Y. tortilis (twisted). A garden synonym of Y. rupicola. Y. tortulata (slightly-twisted). A form of Y. gloriosa. Y. Treculeana (Trecul's).* fl., perianth white, campanulate, 1 1/2in. to 2 1/2in. long, the segments oblong, acute, five to six lines broad; lower pedicels 1 1/4in. to 1 1/2in. long; bracts white, as long as the pedicels; panicle dense, 2ft. to 4ft. long, the glabrous branches often 1ft. long; peduncle short. Summer. l. dense, ensiform, 2ft. to 4 1/2ft. long, 2in. to 3 1/2in. broad, coriaceous, dull green, scabrous, deeply concave on the face, rounded at back, pungent-pointed, the red-brown margins paler outside, at first obscurely serrulated; adults sometimes slightly filamentose. Stem 20ft. to 25ft. high, 1ft. to 2ft. in diameter, copiously branched. Texas and North Mexico, 1858. Greenhouse. See Fig. 250. (R.H. 1869, p.406). SYNS. Y. agavoides, Y. concava, Y. contorta, Y. cornuta, Y. revoluta, Y. undulata (all of gardens). Y. canaliculata (B.M. 5201) is a form having small flowers, and deeply-channelled leaves about 2ft. long. 1858.
Y. tricolor (three-coloured). A form of Y. aloifolia. Y. undulata (wavy). A garden synonym of Y. Treculeana. Y. variegata (variegated). A form of Y. aloifolia.
Y. Whipplei (Whipple's). fl., perianth white, tinged with green externally, the segments lanceolate, three to six lines broad; pedicels ascending, 1in. to 1 1/2in. long; bracts white, minute; panicle dense, oblong-lanceolate, the slender branches 6in. long; peduncle elongated, with many reduced leaves; inflorescence 4ft. to 12ft. long. Summer. l. 150 to 200, dense, rigid, straight, linear, 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. long, four to six lines broad, green, glaucous-tinged, dilated at base, flat above, channelled at back, sub-triquetrous, pungent-pointed, the pale margins minutely serrulated. California and Arizona, 1876. Plant stemless or nearly so, stoloniferous, half-hardy. (G. C. n. s., vi., p. 197.) Y. W. violacea (violet).* A striking variety, with violet-tinted flowers. 1884. (R. H. 1884, p. 324.)
