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Caps (Celled Pardanthus Flower)

3-celled. 118. Pardanthus. Flower 6-petaled, regular, equal. Caps. many-seeded. Seeds attached to a central loose receptacle. 4. Flowers glumaceous. a, Leaves with an entire Sheath. Sedges. 119. Schænus. Spikelets few-flowered, distichous: the lower scales empty, the upper enclosing flowers. No bristles under the ovarium. 120. Rhynchospora. Spikelets few-flowered, slender: the lower nearly empty, the upper enclosing flowers. Bristles under the ovarium. 121. Fimbristylis. Spikelets imbricated in all directions, many-flowered, none of the scales empty. Style jointed at the base, and deciduous. No bristles under the ovarium. 122. Isolepis. Spikelets imbricated in all directions, many-flowered, none of the scales empty. No bristles under the ovarium. Style not jointed at the base, and deciduous. 123. Scirpus. Spikelets imbricated in all directions, many-flowered, none of the scales empty. Bristles under the ovarium. Style not jointed at the base, and deciduous. 124. Eleocharis. Spikelets imbricated in all directions, many-flowered, none of the scales empty. Bristles under the ovarium. Style jointed at the base, and deciduous. 125. Eriophorum. Glumes chaffy imbricated in all directions. Seed surrounded by very long dense wool. 126. Trichophorum. Spikelets nearly ovate, imbricated in all directions. Bristles about the seed usually six, apillary, finally very much lengthened and exserted. 127. Cyperus. Spikelets in two ranks, imbricated; nearly all the scales enclosing flowers. No bristles under the ovarium. Style deciduous, not bulbous. 128. Papyrus. Spikelets many-flowered. Glumes imbricated in two rows, 1-flowered. Style 3-fid. Scales 2, membranous, contrary to the glumes. No bristles beneath the ovarium. Seed 3cornered. 129. Kyllinga. Spikelets 1-flowered. Glumes 4, imbricated in two rows, compressed: the 2 lower which are smaller and the upper one empty; the intermediate similar to the upper, and including a naked hermaphrodite flower. Style bifid. No bristles under the ovarium. Seed lenticular. 130. Mariscus. Spikelets few-flowered. Glumes imbricated in two rows, the lower empty. Stamens sometimes 2. Style trifid. Neither scales nor bristles below the ovarium. Seed triangular. β. Leaves with a split sheath, and a membranous ligule. True grasses. 131. Remirea. Spikelets 1-flowered, with imbricated scales; the outer ones nerved, the upper which bears the flower enclosed in them and unlike them. No bristles beneath the ovarium. Seed oblong, enclosed in the uppermost scale become thickened and corky. 132. Lygeum. Flowers 2 or 3 together, with two valved glumes, at the base united into a 2-celled villous pericarpium. Involucrum a convolute spatha. 133. Cornucopice. Involucre 1-leaved, cup-shaped or funnel-shaped, many-flowered. Glumes 2-valved, united at base, mitre-formed, equal. Palea 1, bladder-like, split on one side, with a beard below the middle.

Stigmas long. Seed not furrowed. Flowers in a head. 134. Cenchrus. Involucrum 1-3-flowered, many parted, bristly without, finally hardened. Glume 2-flowered, 2-valved: the outer valve smallest. Florets dissimilar the outer male or neuter, the inner hermaphrodite. No scales. valved: the outer valve smallest. Florets dissimilar: the outer male or neuter, the inner hermaphrodite.

No scales. 135. Pennisetum. Involucrum double, composed of many bristles: the outer unequal, the inner pinnated, bearded. Spikelets 2-3-5. Glume 2-valved, unequal. Lower floret male, upper hermaphrodite, both sessile.

Paleæ nearly cartilaginous. Spike compound, with sessile spikelets. 136. Spartina. Glume 3-valved, 1-flowered, unequal, keeled, very acute. Paleæ 2, beardless, bifid, emarginate and toothed, shorter than the glumes. Scales fringed. Style very long. Seed loose, covered with the and toothed, shorter than the glumes. Scales fringed. Style very long. Seed loose, covered with the paleæ. Spikelets 1-sided, inserted in a double row. Spike compound. 137. Nardus. Glume 1-valved, 1-flowered. Palea 1. Stigma simple. Seed covered by the palea. , a little longer than the hardened paleæ. Paleæ 2, the lower villous at the end with a jointed beard, the upper entire. Scales 2, linear, the length of the ova- rium. Panicle nearly simple and loose. the lower villous at the end with a jointed beard, the upper entire . Scales 2, linear, the length of the ovarium, Panicle nearly simple and loose. Order 2. DIGYNIA. 3 Stamens. 2 Styles. 1. Inflorescence spiked or panicled. Spikelets either solitary, in pairs, or several together, one or more usually 2-flowered, one of the flowers being sterile or of only one sex. Glumes usually of a thinner texture than the Paleæ, which are more or less cartilaginous, the lower one half enfolding the upper, and cither beardless or occasionally bearded; neither of them with a keel. (PANICEA.) 139. Paspalum. Glume 2-valved, 1-flowered, closely pressed to the two plano-convex paleæ. Seed coated with the paleæ. Flowers spiked, attached to one side of the toothed rachis. the paleæ. Flowers spiked, attached to one side of the toothed rachis.

TRIANDRIA.

The inflorescence digitate. Spikelets simple. Otherwise, as Paspalum. CLASS III. 141. Milium. Glume naked, beardless, 2-valved: the valves concave, larger than the paleæ, which are two, concave and equal. Seed coated with the indurated paleæ. 142. Knappia. Glume 1-flowered, 2-valved, truncate, beardless. Palea one, torn, the divisions setigerous and united at the base, enfolding the stamens and pistillum. Flowers alternate in a flexuose rachis. Seed loose. united Inflorescence digitate or fascicled. Spikelets 1-sided, flower-stalks 2-, or many-flowered. Of the or fascicled. Spikelets 1-sided, flower-stalks 2-, or many-flowered. Glume 2-valved, the lower valve very minute. Of the lower neuter floret the paleæ membranous. Of the upper hermaphrodite floret the paleæ subcoriaceous, hardened. Seed slightly furrowed. 144. Panicum. Glume 3-valved: valves unequal, the outer being very small. Paleæ two, concave, equal, beardless. Seed coated with the hardened paleæ. Panicle scattered and loose. 145. Setaria. Has the same character as Panicum, except that the panicle is spiked. 145. 146. Setaria. Echinochloa. Has the character of Panicum, except that the panicle is composed of alternate spike- Panicum, except that the panicle is composed of alternate spikelets, and the third valve of the glume is bearded. 147. Orthopogon. Has the character of Echinochloa, except that both the intermediate and third valves of the glume are bearded. 148. Penicillaria. Involucrum bristly: the bristles equal, pinnated, bearded. Glume 2-valved, very small, membranous. Lower floret male, upper hermaphrodite: the paleæ subcartilaginous and entire. Anthers villous at the end. Spike compound, cylindrical, with stalked involucrated spikelets. 149. Lappago. Glume 2-valved, valves unequal: the lower very minute, membranous, the upper cartilaginous, very large, with soft prickles. Paleæ 2-valved, membranous, shorter than the glume. Scales very small, fringed. Panicle simple spike-shaped; the branches 3-flowered. 2. Inflorescence panicled. Spikelets solitary, 1-flowered. Glumes membranous, the lower Paleæ coriaceous, bearded, enfolding the upper, which has not two Keels. (STIPACEA.) 150. Stipa. Glume 2-valved, 1-flowered, membranous, longer than the two cartilaginous paleæ, of which the lower is convolute, with a long beard at the apex; upper entire. Beard jointed at the base, deciduous. Scales oblong, entire. Seed furrowed. Panicle almost simple, lax. 3. Inflorescence panicled, sometimes contracted into the form of a spike. Spikelets solitary, 1-flowered. Glumes and Paleæ of nearly similar texture, most usually with a Keel. Lower Paleæ either bearded or beardless, the upper never with two Keels. (AGROSTIDEA.) 151. Muhlenbergia. Glume 2-valved: valves very minute, fringed, three times as short as the paleæ, the lower of which has a bristle. Scales ovate, obliquely truncate, gibbous. Seed naked, not furrowed. Panicle nearly simple, contracted or spreading. 152. Chæturus. Lower valve of the gluma with a long bristle, upper acute. Paleæ membranous, the lower valve trifid, upper bifid. Flowers spiked, inserted into the elongated teeth of the rachis. 153. Lagurus. Glume 2-valved, 1-flowered, each valve ending in a villous beard. Outer paleæ with two terminal beards, and a third, which is dorsal and twisted back. Panicle spike-shaped, ovate, hairy. 154. Polypogon. Glume 2-valved, 1-flowered: valves nearly equal, obtuse at the end with a long bristle, much longer than the somewhat cartilaginous paleæ. Lower palea below its end, which is entire, with a straight short tender bristle, upper bifid, toothed. Panicle contracted, like a spike. 155. Gastridium. Glume 2-valved: valves ventricose at the base, 3 times as long as the hardened coriaceous paleæ. Paleæ 2, the lower 3-4-toothed with a bristle under the end, the upper bifid, toothed. Panicle compound, contracted like a spike. 156. Agrostis. Glume naked, beardless, 2-valved: valves concave, longer than the paleæ, which are 2, and enclose the seed. 157. Trichodium. Glume 2-valved, 1-flowered. Palea one, shorter than the glumes, bearded, and supported at the base by one or two fascicles of hairs. Seed loose, covered by the palea. 158. Tristegis: Glume naked, 3-valved: valves concave, the outer very small, the intermediate longer than the paleæ, the third bearded. Paleæ 2, concave , equal, obtuse, beardless. Seed inclosed in the paleæ. 159. Sporobolus. Glume naked, beardless , 2-valved: valves concave, much shorter than the paleæ, which are two, concave, nearly equal, beardless. Seed not inclosed in the paleæ. 160. Airopsis. Glume 2-flowered: valves nearly equal, navicular, longer than the florets. Lower paleæ trifid at the end, upper entire. Seed loose, not furrowed. Panicle contracted, compound. 161. Cinna. Glume naked, beardless, with 2 concave valves shorter than the paleæ, which are 2, nearly equal, concave, with long points: the outer one being bearded or beardless. Seed enclosed in the paleæ. concave, Psamma. Glumes nearly beardless. Paleæ under the end emarginate, mucronate, shorter than the beardless. Paleæ under the end emarginate, mucronate, shorter than the glumes. Scales 2, subulate. Style 3-parted.

Seed turbinate. Spike compound, erect, cylindrical. glumes. 163. Crypsis. Glume 2-valved, I-flowered, compressed, unequal. Paleœ 2, unequal, longer than the glume. compressed, unequal. Palee 2, unequal, longer than the glume.

Seed loose, covered by the paleæ. 164. Alopecurus. Glume 2-valved, 1-flowered: valves somewhat equal, connate, distinct. Paleæ united into a bladder-like glume split on one side, below the middle (generally), bearded. Scales linear, entire. Spike compound, contracted, without involucrum, branches very small, branching. 165. Phleum. Glume 2-valved, naked, with a point or little beard out of the nerve at its back: valves navicular, including the paleæ, which are 2, navicular and beardless. Beard of the glume lengthened. Second floret sessile. 166. Achnodonton. The character of Phleum, except that the beard of the glume is very minute.