Chilochloa
The character of Phleum, except that the second floret is stalked. 168. Phalaris. Glume 2-valved, naked, beardless: the valves navicular, inclosing the paleæ, which are two, and navicular also, beardless and naked at the base, but supported by hairs or accessory glumes. 4. Inflorescence panicled. Spikelets solitary, 2 or many-flowered. Glumes with a keel. Paleæ of nearly the same texture as the glumes, the lower carinate or concave, always bearded, the upper with two keels. (BROMEA) 169. Corynephorus. Glume 2-flowered. Valves membranous, longer than the florets. Lower palea entire , having at its base a beard, jointed in the middle, woolly, twisting and small below, clavate above; upper bifidtoothed. Panicle compound. 170. Aira. Spikelets slender. Glume 2-flowered, rarely 3-flowered, beardless, 2-valved, equal to the florets or shorter. One of the florets on a stalk.
Paleæ 2, equal, enclosing the seed when ripe. 171. Avena. Glumes membranous, 2-7-flowered, longer than the florets. Lower palea twice torn, or, with the upper, bifid-toothed, sometimes eroded, having at the back a plaited twisted beard. Scales ovate. Seed coated, furrowed. Panicle compound , loose. 172. Trisetum. Lower palea with 2 bristles and a tender flexuose beard above the middle of its back. Scale lanceolate. Other characters of Avena. 173. Danthonia. Lower palea 2-toothed, with a plaited twisted beard from between the teeth, upper obtusely truncated. Seed loose, not furrowed. Panicle simple. Other characters of Avena. 174. Gaudinia. Glume unequal, obtuse. Lower palea bifid-toothed, bearded at the back above the middle: the bearded twisted and plaited. Upper palea 2-4 -toothed. Seed coated, furrowed. Spikelets sessile, alternate, with 9-11 2-ranked flowers. 175. Arundo. Glume naked, beardless, 2-valved: the valves wrapping up the paleæ which are 2-bearded and surrounded by bristles. Seed inclosed in the paleæ. 176. Chrysurus. - Neuter spikelet. Glume linear, subulate, with remote florets. Paleæ 1, sterile. Hermaphrodite spikelet, 1-flowered. - Glumes subulate, linear. Floret stalked. Lower palea below its end, is . Floret stalked. Lower palea below its end, which is entire, setigerous, the upper entire. Seed with two beards, not furrowed. Panicle compound, branching. 177 Sesleria. Common involucrum many-leaved: the leaflets sometimes deciduous. Glume 3-4-flowered. CLASS III.
TRIANDRIA.
Valves unequal, shorter than the stalked florets. Lower palea irregularly 2-toothed, setigerous. Scales longer than the ovarium, subulate. Spike compound. 178. Cynosurus. Involucrum 1-leaved, with pinnatifid divisions, containing two spikelets. Glume 4-5flowered, shorter than the florets. Lower palea very acute, upper bifid-toothed. Scales hairy. Seed coated, furrowed. Spike compound 179. Köleria. Spikelets compressed. Glume 2 or 3-flowered, beardless, 2-valved: the valves shorter than the lowest floret. Paleæ 2, the outer beardless or bearded under the point. 180. Dactylis. Many spikelets heaped in a head, 1-sided. Glume 2-7-flowered. Lower palea under the end, which is emarginate, setigerous, upper bifid, toothed. Scales hairy. Seed loose, not furrowed. Panicle compound with short branches . 181. Glyceria. Spikelet slender. Glume 5-7-flowered. Valves 2, truncate, with transparent membranous edges, shorter than the florets. Lower palea eroded or many-toothed, navicular, embracing the upper, which is bifid-toothed. Scales connate.
Seed furrowed. Panicle nearly simple. 182. Festuca. Glume beardless, 2-valved: valves nearly equal, shorter than the lowest floret. Paleæ 2, the outer one bearded at the end. Seed inclosed in the paleæ. 183. Mygalurus. Glume 1 or 2-valved, many-flowered, shorter than the spikelet: one valve very small. Paleæ 2, one of them bearded near the end. Seed inclosed in the paleæ. 184. Bromus. Glume 3-20-flowered. Valves shorter than the florets, which are imbricated in two rows. Lower palea cordate, emarginate below the end, sometimes torn in two, with a straight beard. Scales ovate, smooth. Seed coated , furrowed. Panicle compound. 185. Brachypodium. Spikelets stalked, alternate in each tooth of the rachis. Stalks broad and thick. Glume 3-15-flowered. Valves shorter than the florets. Paleæ entire, lower setigerous at the end, upper bluntly trun- -flowered. Valves shorter than the florets. Paleæ entire, lower setigerous at the end, upper bluntly truncated , generally edged with stiff reflexed hairs. Scales pilose. Seed coated, furrowed. 186. Uniola. Spikelets compressed. Florets imbricated in two rows, the lower only abortive. Glume 3-20-flowered, shorter than the florets. Lower palea navicular at the end, abruptly cut off and m. cronate be- -flowered, shorter than the florets. Lower palea navicular at the end, abruptly cut off and m. cronate between the lobes, the upper subulate, somewhat bifid-toothed. Scales bifid. Seeds turbinate, with two horns, not furrowed. Panicle compound, loose. 187. Tricuspis. Glume 5-7-flowered. Valves navicular, shorter than the florets. Lower palea bifid-toothed, between the teeth and on each side mucronate: the upper truncate, almost emarginate. Seed 2-horned. 188. Diplachne. Glume 7-9-flowered: the upper valve mucronate at the end. Lower palea twice torn, with branching. Branches alternate, filiform. a bristle beneath the divisions, upper sub-truncate, emarginate. Seed not furrowed. Panicle simple, much bristle beneath the divisions, upper sub-truncate, emarginate. Seed not furrowed. Panicle simple, much branching. Branches alternate, filiform. 189. Ceratochloa. Glume 12-18-flowered. Valves shorter than the florets. Paleæ bifid-toothed: the lower mucronate between the teeth. Ovarium 3-horned. Seed coated, furrowed, 3-horned.
Spikelets compressed . Florets imbricated in two rows.
Panicle nearly simple.
Lower palea cordate, 190. Schismus. Glume 3-6-flowered. Valves the length of the florets, or longer. emarginate, its rib extended between the lobes into a filiform mucro, the upper entire. Seed obtuse, nearly furrowed. Panicle simple, contracted, spike-shaped. 191. Triodia. Glume 3-5-flowered. Valves navicular, longer than the florets. Paleæ bifid-toothed: lower with a thick tooth-shaped mucro between the teeth. Scales lanceolate, smooth. Ovarium with a bifid diverging beak . 192. Beckmannia. Spikelets 1-sided, 3-5-flowered. Glumes unequal, navicular, with a little stalk at the base, obtuse at the end, spatulate, nearly the length of the florets. Paleæ nearly equal. Scales lanceolate. Seed loose, not furrowed. Spike compound. 3 spikelets in each tooth of the rachis. , obtuse at the end, spatulate, nearly the length of the florets. Paleæ nearly equal. Scales lanceolate.
Seed loose, not furrowed.
Spike compound. 3 spikelets in each tooth of the rachis. 193. Melica. Glume unequal, 2-5-flowered, membranous, nearly the length of the florets, of which the upper are incomplete, abortive and stalked. Scales truncate, fringed. Seed loose, not furrowed. Panicle simple or compound. 194. Molinia. Glume 2-4-flowered, unequal. Paleæ conical, lanceolate, acute, much longer than the glume, the upper barren and abortive, or often in its place, a formless rudiment. Scales subtruncate. Seed with two upper barren and abortive, or often in its place, a formless rudiment. Scales subtruncate. Seed with two points from the remains of the style, with a broad furrow. Panicle compound.
Spikelets slender. 195. Briza. Glumes navicular, compressed, nearly cordate at the base, many-flowered (3-14), shorter than the florets which are imbricate in two rows. Lower palea cordate at the base, embracing the upper, which is nearly round and much shorter. Seed with two short filiform beaks.
Panicle compound, loose, branches pendulous. 196. Poa. Glume 2-20-flowered. Valves shorter than the florets. Paleæ sometimes woolly at the base, the upper bifid-toothed. Scales smooth. Seed furrowed. Panicle more or less branching or scattered. 197. Eragrostis. Glume 4-10-flowered. Valves shorter than the paleæ, which are imbricated in two ranks. Upper palea reflexed, its edges folded back, shell-shaped, entire, fringed, persistent . Seed loose, 2-horned, not furrowed . Panicle compound, more or less scattered. 198. Megastachya. Spikelets elongated: the florets imbricated in two rows. Glume 5-20-flowered. Valves shorter than the florets. Lower palea emarginate, with a point between the divisions, upper bifid-toothed.
Seed loose, not furrowed. Panicle compound. 5. Inflorescence spiked. Spikelets solitary, seldom many-flowered, with the upper flower abortive and differently formed. Glumes with a keel, not opposite. Lower paleæ generally bearded, seldom beardless, the upper with two keels. (CHLORIDEA.) 199. Sclerochloa. Glume 3-5-flowered. Valves obtuse, shorter than the florets. Lower palea cordate, emarginate, obtuse, upper entire. Scales emarginate. Seed with a bifid beak. Spike simple. Spikelets 1-sided or dichotomous. 200. Eleusine. Glume 5-7-flowered. Valves obtuse. Paleæ obtuse, upper bifid-toothed. Scales truncate, fimbriate. Seed inclosed in a separate membrane, broadly and deeply furrowed. Inflorescence digitate.
Spikelets 4-5, erect, 1-sided. 201. Dactyloctenium. Spikelets 1-sided. Glume 5-7-flowered. Lower valve with a falcate spine-shaped mucro. Lower palea navicular, ventricose, subulate, upper bifid-toothed. Scales truncate, fringed. Seed square , warted, obtuse, loose. Spikelets digitate, 4-5, erect or horizontal. 202. Leptochloa. Glume 3-5-flowered. Valves lanceolate, acute, nearly as long as the florets. Lower palea navicular, acute, upper bifid-toothed. Seed loose, furrowed. Panicle simple. Branches alternate, simple, with nearly 1-sided spikelets. 203. Cynodon. Spikelets 1-sided in a simple row. and only embracing them at the base. Fertile floret with the upper palea bifid-toothed. A rudiment of an 203. Cynodon. Spikelets 1-sided in a simple row. Glumes membranous, persistent, shorter than the florets, only embracing them at the base. Fertile floret with the upper palea bifid-toothed. A rudiment of an abortive floret, stalked, smooth, clavate. Scales truncate. Seed loose, not furrowed. Spike digitate. Spikelets 4-5-filiform, simple, slender.
Glumes membranous, persistent, shorter than the florets, 204. Dinebra. Glume 2-5-flowered. Valves subulate. Paleæ bifid, emarginate, the lower setigerous under the end. Scales truncate, or somewhat lanceolate. Inflorescence spiked, acuminate, the point of the rachis end. Scales truncate, or somewhat lanceolate. Inflorescence spiked, acuminate, the point of the rachis protruding beyond.
Spike simple or compound. Spikelets 1-sided, alternate, remote, pendulous. 205 Echinaria. Spikelets close together. Glume 2-4-flowered. Valves mucronate, shorter than the florets. Lower palea truncate, fringed, terminated by 5 lanceolate unequal bristles, upper cordate, emarginate, with two similar bristles. Scales truncate. Seed loose, gibbous, not furrowed, with two diverging beaks. Spike simple, capitate. 6. Inflorescence spiked. Spikelets solitary, in pairs, or several together, 1-flowered, or many-flowered. Glumes opposite, equal. Lower palea bearded or beardless, upper with two keels. opposite, equal. Lower palea bearded or beardless, upper with two keels. (CEREALIA.) 206. Triticum. Glume 2-valved, many-flowered, shorter than the spikelet: the valves nearly equal, beardless , or with one beard enclosing the florets. Paleæ 2, one of them being bearded from the end. Seed inclosed in the paleæ, rarely otherwise.
CLASS III. 207. Lolium. Spikelets sessile, to the lowest a glume of one valve, to the uppermost of two opposite valves. Lower palea with a mucro or bristle at the end, upper membranous, bifid-toothed. Scales with two unequal teeth. Seed furrowed. 208. Elymus. Spikelets in each tooth of the rachis two or more, 3-9-flowered. Glume 2-valved, nearly equal, rarely (as in E. Hystrix) absent or nearly so. Lower palea entire with a bristle which is sometimes very short, upper somewhat bifidtoothed. Scales ovate, hairy. Seed furrowed. Spike simple. 209. Secale. Spikelets in each tooth of the rachis solitary, 2-3-flowered, the two lower florets fertile, sessile, opposite, the upper abortive. Glumes subulate, opposite, entire, shorter than the florets. Lower palea entire, with a very long bristle, upper bifid-toothed. Scales obovate, hairy. Seed coated, furrowed. . 210. Hordeum. Spikelets 1-flowered, three together, the two lateral often barren. Glumes 2, subulate. Paleæ 2, the lower bearded. Scales 2. Stigmas feathery. Seed coated with the paleæ. 211. Microchloa. Spikelets 1-flowered. Glumes 2, membranous, beardless. Paleæ 2, much shorter than the glumes, villous. Stigmas very finely divided. 212. Ophiurus. Glumes cartilaginous, half immersed in hollows of the rachis, longer than the floret. Paleæ membranous, transparent. Ovarium cordate. Spike simple. 213. Monerma. Spikelets half immersed in hollows of the rachis. Glume 1-valved, cartilaginous, furrowed. half immersed in hollows of the rachis.
Paleæ membranous, transparent. Scales lanceolate, entire, smooth. Spike simple. Rachis jointed, toothed. . Scales lanceolate, entire, smooth . 7. Inflorescence spiked, or panicled, jointed. Spikelets generally in pairs, 1 or 2-flowered, the one sessile, the other stalked, and usually of one sex only. Glumes of a stouter texture than the paleæ, neither keeled nor opposite. Paleæ very delicate and membranous, not with a keel, the lower commonly bearded. (SACCHARINA.) membranous, not with a keel, the lower commonly bearded. (SACCHARINA.) 214. Perotis. Glume 2-valved: valves with a long bristle at the end. Palea 1, nearly as long as the calyx. Spike nearly simple, involucrated at the base, with woolly hairs. 215. Saccharum. Glume 2-valved, 2-flowered, enveloped in long wool. Lower floret neuter with one palea, upper hermaphrodite with two paleæ, the upper of which is very small or obsolete. 216. Imperata. Glume 2-valved: valves herbaceous, at the lower part of the back clothed with very long hairs the length of the paleæ, which are two, and beardless, the lowest only half the size of the other. Scales none. Stamens 2-3.
MONOGYNIA. 78. VALERIA'NA. W. VALERIAN. 544 dioíca W. 545 officinális W.
Valerianeæ. Sp. 12-47. diœcious or 1 my.jl F Britain great wild m 3 546 Phu W. garden or 3 547 trípteris W. three-leaved 548 montana W. mountain A or 1 549 céltica W. celtic A or 1 or 2 jn.jl F my.jl W mr.my W jn.jl jn Britain L.R W 550 tuberósa W. tuberous-root.or 551 saxátilis W. rock or 552 elongáta Ja. elongated or my.jn L.R jl W jn.jl Y 553 pyrenáica W. heart-leaved or 3 my.jn Pk 554 sambúcifolia Mik. elder-leaved Aor 1 my.jn Pk 555 supína Vahl. prostrate or my.jn Pk mar. D co mar. D co Germany 1597. D co Switzerl. 1752. D co Switzerl. 1748. D co Switzerl. 1748. D co S. Europe 1629. D co Austria 1748. D co Austria 1812. D co Scotland sc.wo. D co Germany 1819. D co S. Europe 1822. D co Eng. bot. 628 Eng. bot. 698 Blackw. t. 250 Jac. aus. 3. t. 268 Bot. cab. 317 Jac. coll. 1. t. 1 Mor.h.3.t.15.f.20 Jac. aus. 3. t. 267 Jac. aus. 3. t. 219 Eng. bot. 1591.
Jac. mi.2.t.17.f.2 9. PATRI'NIA.
PATRINIA.
Valerianeæ. Sp. 2. 556 sibírica W.
Siberian Oor 1 my.jn Y Siberia 557 ruthénica W.
Russian or 1 jn Y Siberia 1759. S co 1801. D co Bot. mag. 714 Bot. mag. 2325 80. VALERIANE'LLA. LAMB'S LETTUCE.
Valerianeæ. Sp. 11-26. 558 echináta W. prickly capsul. cul 1 1 jl.au Pk S. Europe 1807. S co