Class XXI
- MONŒCIA.
Male and female organs in distinct flowers, but upon the same plant. THIS class consists of a variety of plants of all kinds, natures, and affinities, combined by the character of having their flowers unisexual, but upon the same plant, in which respect Monœcia is distinguished from the next class, Diœcia. It contains nearly all the most important timber-trees of the temperate countries of the world, such as the oak, the pine, the birch, the beech, the walnut, the plane, the cypress, and many_others. The bread-fruit, so important an article of food in some parts of the world, is placed in Monandria. Various palms occupy a station in other parts of the class. The dangerous Manchineel-tree, and many poisonous or medicinal plants, are also placed here. To Monœcia Polyandria belongs the famous Upas-tree of Java, to which so many fables are attached. It is described in Rumphius's Herbarium Amboinense (2. 87.), under the name of Ipo, and is now ascertained to be a species of Antiaris. From Siphonia elastica, a plant of Monœcia Monadelphia, and native of Brazil, one of the kinds of Caoutchouc or gum elastic of commerce is obtained. Sprengel, and others, refer most of the genera of Monœcia to other classes, considering those only to be truly referable to it, of which the male and female flowers have some differences of structure. Order 1. MONANDRIA.
Stamen 1. 1935. Artocarpus. Male. A cylindrical catkin. Cal. O. Petals 2. Filament the length of cor. Female. Cal. O. Cor. O. Ovaries numerous, collected in a globe. Style filiform. Drupe compound. 1936. Casuarina. Male. Catkin filiform. Calyx 2-valved. Cor. O. Female. Catkin globose. Calyx an ovate scale. Cor. O. Caps. 2-valved, 1-seeded. Seed winged at end. 1937. Ceratocarpus. Male. Cal. 2-parted. Cor. O. Filament long. Female. Calyx 1-leaved, 2-horned, attached to the superior ovary. Cor. Ó. Style 2. Seed 1, tightly enclosed in the calyx. 1938. Zannichellia. Barren fl. Perianth. none. Fertile fl. Perianth. single of 1 leaf. Germens 4 or more. Style 1. Stigma peltate. Capsules sessile.
Order 2. DIANDRIA.
Stamens 2 2-seeded. 1939. Lemna. Male. Cal. 1-leaved. Cor. O. Female. Calyx 1-leaved. Cor. O. Style 1. Capsule 1-celled, Fruit inferior, 2-celled, 1940. Anguria. Male. Calyx 5-fid. Petals 5. Female. many-seeded.
Cal. 5-fid. Petals 5.
Order 3. TRIANDRIA.
Stamens 3. 1941. Comptonia. Male. A catkin. Calyx a scale. Petals 2. Filaments 2-forked. Female. A catkin. Calyx a scale. Petals 6. Styles 2. Nut ovate. 1942. Hernandia. Male. Calyx 3-parted. Petals 3. Female. Calyx truncate, entire. Petals 6. Drupe hollow, open at orifice, with a moveable kernel. 1943. Axyris. Male. Calyx 3-parted. Cor. O. Female. Calyx 5-leaved. Cor. O. Styles 2. Seed 1. 1944. Tragia. Male. Calyx 3-parted. Cor. O. Female. Calyx 5-parted. Cor. O. Style 3-fid. Caps. of 3 pieces, and 3 cells. Seed solitary. 1945. Typha. Flowers collected into cylindrical dense spikes or catkins. Barren fl. Perianth. O. Stam. 3. together, upon a chaffy or hairy receptacle, united below into 1 filament. Fertile fl. Perianth. O. Pericarp pedicellate, surrounded at the base with hairs resembling a pappus. 1946. Sparganium. Flowers in spherical dense heads. Barren fl. Perianth single, of 3 leaves. Fertile fl. single, of 3 leaves. Drupe dry, with 1 seed. 1947. Carex. Flowers collected into an imbricated catkin. Barren fl. Calyx of 1 scale, glumaceous. Cor. O. Fertile fl. Calyx of 1 leaf, glumaceous. Cor. of 1 leaf, urceolate, ventricose. Stigm. 2-3. Nut triquetrous, included within the persistent cor. 1948. Cobresia. Flowers in an imbricated catkin. Male. Calyx a solitary scale. Cor. O. Female. Cal. generally a double scale; one flat, the other involving the ovary. Cor. O. Stigmas 3. Nut somewhat threecornered, naked. 1949. Uncinia. Flowers in an imbricated catkin, androgynous. Male. Cal. a solitary beardless scale, Female. Cal. bearded ; beard hooked from the base of the inside of scale. Stigmas 3. 1950. Zea. Male in distinct spikes. Cal. a two-flowered blunt glume. Cor. a blunt glume. Female. Cal. a 2-valved glume. Cor. a 2-valved glume. Style 1, filiform, pendulous. Seeds solitary, immersed in an oblong receptacle. 1951. Coix. Male in remote spikes. Cal. a 2-flowered blunt glume. Cor. a blunt glume. Female. Calyx a 2-flowered glume. Cor. a blunt glume. Style 2-parted. Seed covered by the ossified calyx. 1952. Tripsacum. Male. Glume 2-flowered: outer male; inner neuter. Cor. a membranous glume. Female. Calyx a 1-fl. glume, surrounded by a 1-leaved involucrum, perforated at the recesses. Cor. a 2-valved glume. Styles 2. Seed 1. 1953. Heteropogon. Spike simple, monœcious. Flowers male on one side, female on the other. Male. Cal. 2-valved. Cor. 2-valved, beardless: the inner valve setaceous. Nectary 2-lobed, turgid. Female. Cal. twovalved. Cor. 2-valved, one thickish and bearded. Beard very long and hairy. 1954. Olyra. Male. Calyx a 1-flowered somewhat awned glume. Cor. O. Female. Cal. a 1-fl. spreading, ovate, awned glume. Cor. a 2-valved blunt glume. Style bifid. Seed cartilaginous. Order 4. TETRANDRIA.
Stamens 4. 1955. Alnus. Flowers collected into imbricated catkins. Barren fl. Scale of the catkin 3-lobed, with three flowers. Perianth. single, 4-partite. Fertile fl. Scale of the catkin subtrifid, with 2 flowers. Perianth. O. Styles 2. Fruit compressed. 1956. Betula. Barren flower in a cylindrical catkin, its scales 3-fl. Perianth. O. Stam. 10-12. Fertile fl. Scale of the catkin imperfectly 3-lobed, 3-flowered. Perianth. O. Styles 2. Germens compressed, 2-celled, one abortive. Nuts compressed, with a membranaceous margin, 1-seeded. CLASS XXI.
MONJECIA. 1957. Buxus. Male. Calyx 3-leaved. Petals 2. Rudiment of an ovary. Female. Calyx 4-leaved. Petals 3. Styles 3. Caps. with 3 beaks and 3 cells. Seeds 2. Styles 3.
Caps. with 3 beaks and 3 cells. Seeds 2. 1958. Cicca. Male. Calyx 4-leaved. Cor. O. Female. Cal. 4-leaved. Cor. O. Styles 4. Capsule 4-coccous, not splitting, somewhat fleshy. 1959. Morus. Male. Cal. 4-parted. Cor. O. Female. Calyx 4-leaved. Cor. O. Styles 2. Calyx berried. Seed 1960. Bœhmeria. Male. Cal. 4-parted. Cor. O. Nut O. Female. Cal. O. Cor. O, Style 1. Seed 1. 1961. Pilea. Male. Cal. 4parted membranous. Stamens 4 elastic. Female. Calyx 3-leaved, with one sepal fleshy and gibbous. Stigma sessile fringed. 1962. Urtica. Barren fl. Perianth. single, of 4 leaves, containing the cup-shaped rudiment of a germen. Fertile fl. Perianth. single, of 2 leaves. Pericarp 1-seeded, shining. 1963. Pachysandra. Male. Calyx 4-leaved. Cor. O. Female. Calyx 4-leaved. Cor. O. Styles 3. Caps. 3-horned, 3-celled. Seeds 2. horned, 3-celled. Seeds 2. 1964. Diotis. Male. Calyx 4-leaved. Cor. O. 1, villous at base, covered with the 2-horned calyx. 1965. Empleurum. Male. Calyx 4-fid. Cor. O. Female. Cal. 4-fid, inferior. Cor. O. Stigma cylindrical, seated on a lateral tooth of the ovary. Caps. splitting at side. 1966. 1966. Aucuba. Male. Cal. 4-toothed. Petals 4. Recept. with a square hole. Female. Cal. 4-toothed. Petals 4. Ovary inferior. Style 1, short. Nut ovate, 1-celled. 4. Ovary inferior. Style 1, short . Nut ovate, 1-celled.
Female. Calyx 1-leaved, 2-horned. Style 2-parted. Seed Seed 1, with an arillus. 1967. Littorella. Barren fl. Calyx of 4 leaves. Cor. 4-fid. Stam. very long. unequally 3-cleft. Style very long. Nut 1. 3-cleft.
Style very long. Nut 1.
Fertile fl. Calyx O. Cor. 1968. Serpicula. Male. Cal. 4-toothed. Petals 4. Female. Cal. 4-parted. Pericarp a downy nut. 1969. Maclura. Male. A catkin. Female.
Cal. O. Corolla O. Style 1, filiform, villous. Ovaries numerous, coalescing into a compound globose berry of many cells; cells 1-seeded. Seed obovate, compressed. Order 5. PENTANDRIA.
Stamens 5. 1970. Exocarpus. Male. Cal. 5-leaved. Cor. O. Stamens inserted in calyx. Female. Style simple, short. Stigma peltate. Drupe 1-seeded, placed on a fleshy receptacle. 1971. Nephelium. Male. Cal. 5-toothed. Cor. O. Female. Cal. 4-fid. Cor. O. Ovaries 2. Styles two to each. Drupes 2, dry, muricated, 1-seeded. . Drupes 2, dry, muricated, 1seeded. 1972. Schizandra. Male. Cal. 9-leaved in a triple row. male. Cal. of male. Cor. O. Ovaries numerous, capitate. Berries 1-seeded, inserted on a long filiform re-