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Division IV (III)

Liceoidei.

Flocci obsolete. 2458. Dichosporium. Flattened hemispherical. Peridium membranous, coated with a layer of granules. Sporules in globose masses. 2459. Licea. Peridium membranaceous, sessile, fragile, inclosing a pulverulent mass of sporules unmixed with filaments. (No subjacent membrane.) Class IV. MUCOROIDEI.

Peridium formed of flocci loosely woven together, vanishing in the middle. Sporidia in heaps. 2460. Mucor. Peridium membranaceous, globose, stipitate, pellucid, at length opake. Pedicel simple or branched, tubular, articulated. 2461. Thamnidium. Stipes branched at base; branches bearing solitary globules at their end. Peridium globose. 2462. Ascophora. Peridium membranaceous, stipitate, bursting at length, turned inside out, convex and subpersistent. Pedicel simple or branched, tubular, pellucid, articulated. Class V. PERISPORIA.

Perisporium thin, somewhat membranous, bursting. Sporidia immersed, scarcely distinct. 2463. Eurotium. Peridia membranous, subglobose, with an articulated floccose innate receptacle. Sporules naked in masses. 2464. Amphisporium. Subglobose. Peridium membranous, thin. Sporules naked of two forms. Observations.

Its extent is very great, ascending from the most simple forms to those which are very compound, but at the same time connected with the former by the most strict natural ties. The true place of the genera in the system has been a subject of doubt. Many authors have taken them for fungi in the most perfect state. Decandolle excludes them from fungi, and, with some analogous Lichens, refers them to a peculiar intermediate family.

They are found in every part of the world in which vegetation exists; for every perfect plant and all its decaying parts nourish Pyrenomycetes. The chief families of trees in the European Flora upon which they flourish are Coniferæ, Amentaceæ, Rosaceæ, Ericeæ, Rhamnoideæ, Acerinæ, and Tiliaceæ, and of herbs, Gramineæ, Umbelliferæ, and Liliaceæ. Many are peculiar to certain species of trees, and others are common to many species. For example, on the Betula alba may be found about ten peculiar species, and from forty to fifty which are common to it and other trees. Their qualities are unknown. Many species which are included by Fries under the name of Ectostroma, are probably not vegetables, and are here omitted. 3R4 CRYPTOGAMIA.

TRIBE III. HYPHOMYCETES.

Thallus flocculent.

Class I. CEPHALOTRICHI.

CLASS XXIV.

Receptacle distinct, covered over with flocci, with sporidia scattered among them. 2465. Ceratium. Filaments very short, pellucid, simple, minute, attached to a membranaceous, plicate, simple or branched, filiform receptacle. 2466. Isaria. Filaments minute and pellucid, attached to an elongated, simple or branched, clavate, carnose receptacle.

Class II.

Class II. STILBOIDEI.

Fibres grown together upon the receptacle. Sporidia inclosed in a separate naked head. 2467. Stilbum. Minute. Stipes slender, bearing a little round solid head, which is pellucid and semifluid at first, at length more dense and opake.

Class III. INOMYCETES.

Fibres genuine, somewhat separated by divisions.

Fibres genuine, somewhat separated by divisions. Receptacle none. Upon putrescent organic matter. Division I. Byssacei.

Opake fibres, bearing sporæ inside, when fertile jointed, when sterile contiguous. Repel moisture. 2468. Torula. Thallus composed of branched, rigid, fragile, moniliform, subopake filaments, the articulations minute, globose. 2469. Monilia. Fibres numerous, erect, opaque, distinctly articulated, permanent. Articulations ovate. 2470. Racodium. Thallus composed of branched, decumbent, interwoven, jointless, persistent, subopake filaments, among which are sometimes granules of moniliform filaments. 2471. Dematium. Fibres decumbent or ascending, rigid, opake, branched, continuous in all directions, permanent. 2472. Cladosporium. Thallus composed of erect, rigid, subopake, jointed, simple or branched, aggregate filaments. Sporules ovate, attached in a series to the filaments, deciduous. 2473. Helicosporium. Fibres erect, rigid, nearly simple, opake. Sporules spiral, remotely jointed, some that are fugacious scattered among them. 2474. Ozonium. Thallus composed of decumbent, branched, entangled filaments: primary ones thick, ⚫ irregular; ultimate ones fine-jointed. 2475. Khizomorpha. Receptacle much branched, elongated, coriaceous or ligneous. Perithecia arising from the branches, mostly clavate, dehiscent at the apex. Division II. Mucedines.

Flocci pellucid, with dissepiments, bearing sporæ on the outside. 2476. Sepedonium. Thallus formed of entangled filaments, spreading within putrefying fungi. Sporidia scattered, globose. (Bright yellow.) 2477. Acremonium. Thallus composed of decumbent, entangled, branched, pellucid filaments. Sporidia globose, solitary, pedicellate. 2478. Sporotrichum. Thallus minute, tufted or expanded. Sporidia scattered among the branched, tubular jointed filaments. 2479. Trichothecium. Filaments minute, branched, forming a tufted thallus. Sporidia scattered, subglobose, didymous. 2480. Acrosporium. Thallus composed of minute, tufted, pellucid, moniliform, simple filaments, the uppermost joints (sporidia) separating spontaneously. 2481. Botrytis. Thallus composed of decumbent, entangled, branched, pellucid filaments. Sporidia globose, solitary, pedicellate. 2482. Aspergillus. Thallus composed of minute, pellucid, scattered or tufted filaments, apex of the main filament mostly clavate, on which is a head of (often beaded) sporidia. 2483. Stachylidium. Thallus composed of tufted, pellucid filaments: sterile ones procumbent; fertile ones erect, whorled, with ramuli near the top, among which the sporidia are collected. 2484. Penicillium. Thallus composed of tufted, pellucid filaments: sterile ones procumbent; fertile ones erect, bearing a terminal pencil-like tuft of erect ramuli, to which the sporidia are attached. 2485. Trichoderma. Sporidia collected in the centre, free, the filaments woven into a web-like covering, at length opening at the apex and discharging the globose sporidia. Class IV.

Class IV. PHYLLERIACE.E.

Fibres spurious, contiguous, bearing sporæ inside. Receptacle none. On living leaves. 2486. Rubigo. Fibres infundibuliform or clavate, twisted, situated in patches upon sickly leaves. 2487. Erineum. Peridia flocciform, subdiaphanous, various, subsimple, aggregato-cæspitose, parasitic on living leaves. Sporules sometimes, but rarely evident. TRIBE IV. CONIOMYCETES.

Sporidia naked, without any heterogeneous receptacle. Class I. TUBERCULARIÆ.

Sporidia naked, simple, scattered over the receptacle. 2488. Tubercularia. Sporangium subglobose, sessile, or somewhat stipitate, carnoso-vesiculose (not gelatinous). Sporidia towards the circumference (color mostly red). 2489. Fusarium. Minute, subglobose, naked, almost wholly formed of fusiform, free, jointless sporidia. 2490. Exosporium. (See Notes.) Observations.

Tribe III. Hyphomycetes. Distinguished from other tribes by their flocculent thallus. In no other tribe do flocci occur in so perfect a state of developement, although they undoubtedly exist as subordinate organs in the Uterini and Hymenomycetes.

Class IV. Phylleriacea. These are perhaps morbid states of the outer integuments of plants. This at least seems obvious in Phyllerium Rubi, Gei, &c. which are nothing but the hairs of the leaves in a clustered and somewhat altered form. This also may be the reason why there are no sporidia. Tribe IV. Coniomycetes. To this are referred those fungi in which the sporidia are of a more obvious nature than the other parts of the plant, and so constitute the essence of the fungus. Hence they are more evolved than in any other class. The receptacle, if present, arises either out of united pedicels, or of united sporidia, ORDER IX.

FUNGI.

Class II. ENTOPHYTE.

Sporidia naked, separate, without a receptacle.

Division I. Stilbosporei.

Entophytes growing upon dead plants. 2491. Fusidium. Thallus plane, effused. Filaments short, branched. Sporidia fusiform, scattered. 2492. Polythrincium. (See Notes.) 2493. Stilbospora. Black. Receptacle O? or a pulverulent mass intermixed with naked sporidia, the whole bursting through gh the bark in the manner of a Stromatosphæria. 2494. Sporidermium. (See Notes.) 2495. Næmospora. Receptacle O. Spherules obvious, or somewhat obsolete, discharging sporuliferous pulp through the bark in the form of tendrils.

Division II. Hypodermia.

Parasites upon living plants. 2496. Cylindrosporium. Very minute, parasitic on the surface of living leaves. Sporidia pellucid, cylindrical, truncate, free, not divided. 2497. Uredo. Epidermis of the leaf forming a pseudo-peridium. Sporidia 1-celled, free, mostly globose. 2498. Æcidium. Peridium membranaceous, bursting through the epidermis, and dehiscent at the apex, with a dentate or lacerate orifice. 2599. Puccinia. Epidermis of the leaf forming a pseudo-peridium. Sporidia fixed by a pedicel, one or many-celled.

Observations. and is homogeneous with the immature sporidia. The thallus is never flocculent. The organs of nutrition and reproduction are the same.

Division II. Hypodermia. The genera of this division are furnished with a caliculus, which must not be confounded with the receptacle or thallus, &c. of other tribes, because it does not constitute part of the fungus, but is formed out of the epidermis of the plant on which the fungus grows. CRYPTOGAMIA.

HYMENOMYCETES.

Class I. HYMENINI. - Div. I. Pileati.

CLASS XXIV. 2365. AGA'RICUS. L.

AGARIC.

Sp. 308-715. §1. AMANITA. Pers. 15731 vérnus Bull. vernal stinking 3-6 spr. su. W 15732 phalloides Fries. Phallus-like scentless 4 jul.oct. W ẞ verrucosus Fl. Lond. warted scentless 4 jul.oct. Y woo.,dam.pl. Bulliard, t. 108 woody places Bull. t. 2. 577. bulbosus woody places Fl.lo.t. verruc. y viréscens Fl. Dan. greenish scentless 4 jul.oct. Pa. Gr woody places Flora danica, t. 1246 15733 porphýrius Fries. porphyry scentless 4 jul.oct. Livid among moss Michel. gen. t. 76. f. 3 15734 vaginátus Bull. a plúmbeus Schæff. yhyalinus Schæff. pulvinátus Bolton & fúlvus Schæff. sheathed eatable 6 aut.

W lead-colored eatable 6 aut.

Lead waste places Schæffer, tt. 85, 86 transparent eatable 6 sum. cushioned eatable 6 sum.

Br tawny eatable 6 sum.

Tawn. waste places Bolt. t. 38. f.2. trilobatus 15735 nivális Grev. alpine delicate 5 aug.

W 15736 muscárius L. 15737 pantherínus Dec. fly-blown mottled poisonous 4 au. oc.

Or.R woods warted 3 au. oc. Ol waste places Bulliard, t. 512 Cæs. waste places Schæffer, t. 244 waste places Bolton, t. 49 Scotch mou. Greville crypt. 1. 18 Greville crypt. 1. 54 moun. woods Schæff. t. 90. maculatus 15738 rubéscens Pers. flesh-colored nauseous 3 jul.sep. F.Col. heaths Schæff. t. 91. pustulatus 15739 ásper Alb. & Schwe, rough stinking 3 jul.oct. Rsh open woods Bull. t. 316. verrucosus §2. LEPIO'TA. Pers. 15740 prócerus Scop. gigantic 15741 excoriátus Schæff. flayed esculent 10 au. no. W.Br gardens Sowerby, t. 190 esculent 7 jul. au. Wsh fields