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Eng (Bot Cav ic t Mo s t f Bux cen)

bot. 198 Cav. ic. 2. t. 101 Mo. s. 9. t. 14. f.5 Bux. cen. 3. t. 33 Mo. s. 9. t. 14. f.2 Sch. han. 1. t. 61 Jac. aus. 1. t. 54 3498 3501 3486 3493 3503 History, Use, Propagation, Culture, 3500 622. Eryngium. From the Greek verb ερuγεiv, to belch. Dioscorides positively declares that the plant is a specific for all complaints arising from flatulence. These are singular plants, somewhat like thistles in general appearance: they are generally of a bluish hue, prickly, and with large involucres, and dry coriaceous leaves. E. maritimum has long been in esteem as an aphrodisiac; the roots were formerly and are now, in some cases, kept in the shops candied, and formed in Shakspeare's time the kissing comfits of Falstaff. The Arabs regard the plant as an excellent restorative, and English grooms often mix the dried plant with the corn they give to stallions in the covering season. The virtue is said to reside chiefly in the roots: the tops, Linnæus says, are eaten like asparagus in Sweden. 623. Sanicula. From sanare, to cure. This a vulnerary, to which marvellous virtues were formerly ascribed. S. europæa used to be considered a powerful vulnerary, but is now wholly rejected in medicine. Sir J. Smith says it partakes of that virose acrimony which is found in most umbelliferous plants growing in a moist fat soil. 624. Echinophora. From εχivoς, a hedgehog, and φερω, to bear. In allusion to the strong rigid spines of the ORDER II.

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 3486 Stem smooth with tumid joints, hairy at base 3487 Stem scabrous, joints tumid 3488 Stem equal, Leaflets cut acute, Fruit with two awns 3489 Stem equal, Leaflets cordate serrate entire, Fruit with two awns 3490 Leaves ternate smooth, Radical leaflets about 3-lobed, Cauline rhomb. ovate cut finely serrate 3491 Stem above smooth, Joints tumid, Leaves biternate pubescent, Styles persistent 3492 Stem equal, Leaves supra-decompound, Involucres colored 3493 Stem equal, Leaflets cut, Seeds furrowed colored awnless 3494 Radical leaves lanceolate serrate, floral many cut, Stem dichotomous 3495 Leaves gladiate serrate spiny, Flowers undivided, Stem simple 3496 Leaves linear-lanceolate ensiform very long, Leaflets reflexed and paleæ trifid, Heads panicled 3497 Leaves all ovate cordate on very short stalks toothed, Stem virgate colored upwards 3498 Radical leaves oval flat crenate, Heads stalked 3499 Radical leaves oblong cut, Stem dichotomous, Heads sessile 3500 Radical leaves cordate: cauline palmate with the auricles reflexed, Paleæ tricuspidate 3501 Rad. lvs. obl. lanc. toothed spiny, Stem trichotomous, Lvs. of involucre entire larger than the heads spiny 3502 Radical leaves roundish plaited spiny, Heads stalked, Paleæ 3-toothed 3503 Radical leaves stem-clasping pinnate lanceolate 3504 Leaves sessile digitate spiny very small, Stem slender and weak dichotomous, Heads sessile 3505 Radical leaves trifid at the base somewhat pinnate 3506 Rad. lvs. cordate obl. obt. cren. lobed, Branches col. Lvs. of the involucrum very long stiff pungent entire 3507 Leaves palmate cut, Bractes stiff pinnatifid pungent, Stem thick 3508 Radical leaves cordate: cauline ternate cut, Involucres spiny pinnated ciliated 3599 Radical and cauline leaves alternate 3-parted twice trifid, Involucres subulate many-leaved spiny 3510 Lower leaves palmate, Lobes trifid cut-serrate, Florets all sessile 3511 Leaves all compound subternate, Leaflets ovate attenuate at base mucronate serrate, Florets all sessile 3512 Leaves all digitate, Leaflets oblong cut-serrate, Male flowers numerous stalked 3513 Leaflets subulate prickly entire 3514 Leaflets cut unarmed 3515 Seeds hispid, Stalks nerved beneath 3516 Fruit hispid with compressed bristles, Leaflets dilated rounded fleshy hairy, Umbels in fruit convex 3517 Seeds hispid, Central floret sterile fleshy, Common receptacle hemisphærical 3518 Leaves shining, Stem hairy, Leafstalks smooth, No sterile central floret 3519 Stem rough simple, Lvs. bipinn. Leaflets rather whorled many-cleft rigid, Bristles of fruit hairy purple 3520 Rays of the involucre flat, Segments recurved 3521 Fruit large very prickly 3522 Stem and lvs. bipin. vil. Leafl. ovate lobed toothed, Involucres very broad, Prickles of fruit dilated at base 3523 Involucres each 5-leaved, One leaflet twice as large as the others 3524 Umbels trifid leafless, Umbellules 3-leaved 3-seeded 3525 Universal umbel trifid, partial 5-seeded, Leaves pinnated serrated 3526 Universal umbel about 5-cleft, partial 3-seeded, Leaves supra-decompound, and decumbent stem villous 3527 Umbels spreading, Partial leaflets supra-decompound cut with linear segments, Fruit woolly B Fruit bristly 3528 Universal involucre about 3-leaved, Umbel trifid, Involucels 3-leaved 3529 Common involucre scarcely any, Umbel bifid, Involucres 5-leaved 3512 3510 3513 3516 3515 3524 3526 3523 and Miscellaneous Particulars. ✓ involucrum, and indeed of the whole plant. Very much like an Eryngium, once said to have been found in England. 625. Daucus. From δaiω, to make hot; on account of its effects in medicine. D. Carota (from Kar, red, in Celtic), is well known for its esculent root. There are several varieties: the largest, and that best adapted for field culture, is called the Altringham, from a village of that name in Cheshire. The early horn and orange are the best garden sorts. The seeds do not retain their vegetative powers more than a year, for which reason the cautious cultivator ought to prove them before sowing. The last week of March and first of April is the best season for sowing for a main crop. On farms where a deep sandy loam occurs, few crops of the root kind afford a more valuable return. In Norfolk and Suffolk they are a good deal in use as a field crop, and especially near Lowestoft in the latter county. 626. Caucalis. According to Linnæus, derived from κεω, to trail along; on account of the low habit of the plants. It is supposed that Pliny's Caucalis was the same as the Caucalis grandiflora of the present day.

P2 627. TORILIS. Gærtn. 3530 Anthriscus W. 3531 infésta H.K. arvénsis W. 3532 nodósa W. 628. CLIVE'RIA. Vent. OLIVERIA. 3533 decúmbens Vent. Thyme-scented 629. LEDEBU'RIA. Lk. LEDEBURIA.

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

CLASS V.

TORILIS.

Umbelliferæ. Sp. 3-9. upright spreading 24 jl.au R Britain hed. S co