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Montpel

1739. D co Ital 1775. D co Levant 1731. D co W.pu Kamtsch. 1801. D co past. D co Eng. bot. 601 Jac. obs. 4. t. 91 Al.ped.1.t.37.f.1 Jac. obs. 4. t. 92 Jac. obs. 4. t. 93 Mic. gen. 34.t.29 W. hort. ber. 33 12246 carinátum W. three-colored 12247 púmilum W. en. small pr 2 jl.o pr W.pu Barbary 1796. S co Bot. mag. 508 jl.o W 1806. S co 12248 sylvéstre W. en. field Apr 2 jn.jl W ...... 1804. D co 12249 ségetum W. corn Ow 1 jn.au Y Britain corn fi. S co Eng. bot. 540 12250 Mycónis W. tongue-leaved pr 12251 itálicum W.

Italian * pr 1 jl.au 2 jn.jl Y Italy Pa.Y Italy 1775. S co Jac. obs. 4. t. 94 1796. D co 12252 coronárium W. garden or 4 jl.s Y Sicily 1629. S co Lam.ill.t.678.f.6 12253 índicum L.

Indian un 2 s.n Y China Cr.m 12254 sinénse Sab.

Chinese spl 3 o.n China 1764. Cr.m 1 Purple Bot. mag. 327 2 Changeable White Bot. mag. 2042 3 Quilled White Bot. reg. 4 4 Superb White Bot. reg. 455 5 Tasselled White 6 Quilled Yellow 7 Sulphur Yellow 8 Golden Yellow Bot. reg. 4* 9 Large Lilac 10 Rose or Pink 11 Buff or Orange Garden Varieties. 12 Spanish Brown 13 Quilled flamed Yellow Hort. trans. 4. t. 14 14 Quilled Pink Bot. reg. 616 15 Early Crimson Hort. trans. 5. t. 3 16 Large quilled Orange Hort. trans. 5. t. 3 17 Expanded light Purple 18 Quilled light Purple 19 Curled Lilac Sweet's fl. Garden, t. 7 20 Superb clustered Yellow Sweet's fl. Garden, t. 14 21 Semidouble quilled Pink Hort. trans. 5. t. 17* 22 Semidouble quilled White 12223 12234 12225 12232 History, Use, Propagation, Culture, 12227 12233 12231 1765. Leysera. So called in honor of Frederick William Leyser, a German, and author of a Flora Halensis in 1783. 1766. Selloa. Named after Mr. Sello, a German botanist, employed by the Prussian government in collecting materials for a natural history of Brazil. An uninteresting stove perennial plant, remarkable for having for a natural history of Brazil. An uninteresting stove perennial plant, remarkable for having florets mixed among the leaves of the involucrum. 1767. Relhania. In honor of the Rev. Richard Relhan, an English botanist, and author of a Flora Cantabrigiensis. The genus was named by L'Heritier. Plants of no beauty and easy culture. . The genus was named by L'Heritier. Plants of no beauty and easy culture. 1768. Zinnia. John Godfrey Zinn, a German, published, in 1757, a Catalogue of the Plants in the Garden of Gottingen, &c. Handsome border annuals, with persistent flowers, of the same culture as Tagetes. , &c. Handsome border annuals , with persistent flowers, of the same culture as Tagetes. 1769. Chrysanthemum. From χρuσoς, gold, and avθoς, a flower; because many of the kinds bear flowers of a yellow color. Chrysantème, Fr., Goldblume, Ger., and Crisantero, Ital. C. sinense is one of the handyellow color. Chrysantème, Fr., Goldblume, Ger., and Crisantero, Ital. C. sinense is one of the handsomest of autumnal flowers, and of the easiest possible culture in any soil. It is a popular flower in China, whence all our numerous varieties have very recently been obtained, and chiefly through the exertions of the Horticultural Society. These are certainly a very great addition to the beauties of the flower garden in a dry autumn, and to the green-house or conservatory in the wet and foggy months of November and December, when scarcely any thing else is in flower. The plants are propagated by divisions, by suckers, and by cuttings; ORDER II.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA. 12223 Leaves linear subulate ciliate rough, Scales of invol, lanceolate 12224 Leaves filiform downy, Scales of invol membranous reflexed 12225 The only species 12226 Leaves oblong acuminate nerveless recurved at end 12227 Leaves linear somewhat pungent striated beneath, Heads sessile 12228 Leaves linear villous, Pedunc. lateral shorter than leaf 12229 Heads sessile, Leaves opp. cordate-lanceolate amplexicaul. sessile 12230 Heads stalked, Leaves opp. ovate-lanceolate somewhat stalked 12231 Heads stalked, Leaves whorled ovate-lanceolate stalked, Ray double 12232 Heads stalked, Leaves opp. cordate ovate sessile amplexicaul. Stem hairy, Paleæ serrated 12233 Heads stalked, Leaves opp. cordate lanceolate stalked, Ray linear-lanceolate reflexed 12234 Leaves cordate sessile rough at edge, Grains of disk with 2 awns: of the ray awnless 12235 Leaves smooth attenuated at base pinnatifid: segments cut 12236 Leaves all cuneiform oblong finely serrated, Stem simple 1-headed erect 12237 Leaves sessile: lower linear lanceolate serrated; upper spatulate 12238 Leaves amplexic. obl. obt. cut pinnatifid at base; radical ones obovate petiolate, Stem erect branched 12239 Lower leaves stalked spatulate serrate: upper lin. lanc. serrated, Stem 1-headed 12240 Leaves pinnated: pinnæ linear acute, Stem erect 1-headed 12241 Leaves linear nearly entire, Stem quite simple 12242 Lower leaves palmated: leaflets linear pinnatifid 12243 Leaves bipinnate: pinnæ oblong serrated, Heads corymbose 12244 Leaves bipinnate hoary: leaflets acute entire, Stem 1-headed simple 12245 Radical leaves 3-parted cut-toothed: cauline cuneiform 3-parted blunt 12246 Leaves bipinnated fleshy smooth, Scales of invol. keeled 12247 Leaves bipinnated linear subulate smooth, Stem erect somewhat branched 12248 Very near C. leucanthemum, but the lower leaves are more spatulate 12249 Leaves amplexic. glaucous inciso-serrate above toothed at the base 12250 Leaves lingulate blunt serrated, Scales of involucre equal 12251 Leaves bipinnate serrated, Rays length of disk, Stem procumbent 12252 Leaves bipinnatifid acute broadest externally, Stem branched 12253 Leaves flaccid stalked pinnatifid finely toothed: upper entire, Ray a little longer than flower 12254 Leaves coriaceous stalked sinuate-pinnatifid toothed glaucous, Ray very long Garden Varieties. 23 Semidouble quilled Orange Hort. trans. 5. t. 17** 24 Late pale Purple 25 Quilled Salmon Color Hort. trans. 5. t. 17* 26 Small Yellow Hort. trans. 5. t. 17** 27 Paper White 28 Pale Buff 29 Early Blush 30 Blush Ranunculus-flowered 31 Changeable pale Buff 32 Two colored Red 33 Starry Purple 12238 12242 34 Brown Purple 35 Late quilled Yellow 36 Double Yellow Indian 37 Parkes's small Yellow 38 Tasselled Yellow 39 Tasselled Lilac 40 Semidouble quilled pale Orange 41 Golden Lotus-flowered 42 Two colored incurved 43 Yellow Waratah 44 Double White Indian 12241 12252 12239 12246 12249 12254 12250 and Miscellaneous Particulars. as they are very apt, in every case, to throw up suckers, the latter mode is decidedly the best. The cuttings may be taken from the side branches at any season from April to September; taken off before the end of May, they will flower the succeeding autumn; those taken off afterwards will not flower till next year. Chrysanthemums are so very prolific in suckers, that they soon become unsightly plants, and produce small and degenerate blossoms, unless frequently renewed from cuttings. The Chinese are said to do this every year; they take off the cuttings in May, strike them as we do, and then put each plant in a very small pot, in which it flowers the succeeding autumn. The plants are thus kept in a dwarf state, and clothed with it flowers the succeeding autumn. The plants are thus kept in a dwarf state, and clothed with green foliage from the ground to the flower. In order that the blossoms may be strong, they leave only one or two flower-buds on the summit of each plant, and they remove all suckers and side shoots till the blossom is over. This mode is now generally adopted with us; but sometimes the plants are retained a second, or even a third year, in which case care is requisite to leave no more stems, and to have no more suckers growing at one time than the roots can support in a vigorous state. As under this management the stems attain a great height, they require to be supported by a rod, and adjusted so as to form a symmetrical figure by a nice application of black threads, or small copper wires.

Sometimes the Chrysanthemum is grown in beds or borders, in which case the plants should be taken up every year and their superfluous suckers removed; or, which is better, they should be totally renewed by cuttings. 3 A SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

CLASS XIX.

Barbary 1810. S co Desf. atl.2. t. 238 12255 paludósum Desf. marsh Opr 1 jn.jl W 12256 rotundifolium W. & K. round-leaved Apr 1 jn.jl W Hungary 1817. D co 12257 anómalum Lag. anomalous Apr 1 jn.jl W Spain 1816. D co. 1770. PYRETHRUM. W. FEVERFEW.

Composite.

Sp. 32-47. 12258 fœniculáceum W.en. Fennel-leaved or 3 ja.d W Teneriffe 1815. C co Bot. reg. 272 12259 crithmifólium W.en. Samphire-leav. or 12260 anethifolium W.en. Dill-leaved 3 ja.d W Teneriffe 1815. C co or 3 ja.d W Teneriffe 1815. C co 12261 latifólium W. en. broad-leaved Apr 2 jn.jl W Pyrenees 1820. D co 12262 Halléri W.

Haller's Apr 1 jn.jl W Switzerl. 1819. D co Barr, ic. 458. f. 2 12263 ceratophylloides W. Buckshorn-lvd.

Apr 1 jn.jl W Piedmont 1819. D co 12264 frutescens W. shrubby 登or 3 ja.d W Canaries 1699.. C p.l 12265 coronopifólium W.en. Horn-leaved or 2 ja.d W Canaries ...

Cl.p 12266 grandiflórum W.en. great-flowered or 3 ja.d W Canaries 1815. C l.p 12268 pulveruléntum W. powdery 12267 pinnatifidum W. pinnatifid 2 my.jn W 1823. D co ......

Apr 1 jn.au W Caucasus 1806. D co 12269 seríceum Bieb. silky pr 1 jn.au W Iberia 1823. D co 12270 parviflórum W. small-flowered Oun 2 jn.au W ...... 1820. S co 12271 speciósum W.en. large-flowered or 3 ja.d W Canaries 1815. C l.p 12272 ptarmicæfólium W. Sneezewort-lv. pr 1 jl.au W Caucasus 1803. D co 12273 serótinum W. creeping-rooted Apr 1 s.o W N. Amer. 1731. D co Jac. obs. 4. t. 90 12274 uliginósum W. marsh Apr 1 jl.s W Hungary 1816. D co 12275 alpínum W.

Alpine pr jl.au W Switzerl. 1759. D co 12276 Balsamíta W. various-leaved pr 2 jl.au W Levant 1779. D co Jac. obs. 4. t. 89 12277 macrophýllum W. large-leaved pr 3 jl.au W Hungary 1803. D co 12278 róseum W.en. scarlet-flower'del 1 au.s Pk Caucasus 1804. D co Pl. rar.hu.1. t.94 Bot. mag. 1080 Chrysánthemum coccíneum B. M. 12279 achilleæfólium Bieb. Milfoil-leaved Apr 2 au.s Y 12280 corymbósum W. mountain pr 1 jn.au W 12281 Parthenium W. common W 2 jn.s W ẞ flore pléno double-flowered or 2 jn.s W 12282 parthenifólium W. Parthenium-lv.

Apr 2 jn.jl W 12283 caucásicum W.

Caucasian pr jl.au W 12284 tenuifólium W. en. slender-leaved A A pr 1 jl.au W 12285 inodórum W. scentless pr 1 au.s W 12286 marítimum W. sea Apr 1 jn.o W 12287 millefoliátum W. many-leaved Apr 2 my.s Y Siberia Caucasus 1823. D co Germany 1596. D co Britain rubb. D co ... ...

Cr.m Caucasus 1804. D co Caucasus 1804. D co Caucasus 1806. D co Britain dry fi. S co Britain sea sh. D co 1731. D co Gm. sib. t.86. f.2 Jac. aust.4. t.379 Eng. bot. 1231 Vent. cels. t. 43 Eng. bot. 676 Eng. bot. 979 Mill. ic. 1. t. 9 12288 bipinnátum W. wing-leaved 12289 índicum H. K, Indian OD pr jn.jl Y Siberia 1796. S co Gm.sib.2.t.85.f.1 un jn.s Y E. Indies 1810. C p.l Bot, mag. 1521 1771. MATRICARIA. W. MATRICARIA.

Composite.

Sp. 4. 12290 suavéolens W. sweet un 1½ jn.au W 12291 Chamomilla W.

WildChamomile W 12292 capénsis W.

Cape un jl.s 12293 pusílla W.en. small Oun jl.s 1 my.jl W W W Europe Britain C. G. H. 1781. S co ro.sid. Sco 1699. S co Eng. bot. 1232 Seb.th. 1. t. 16. f.2 ...... ...

Sco 1772. POLTONIA. W. BOLTONIA.

Compositæ.

Sp. 2. 12294 asteroídes W.

Starwort-flow.pr 2 au.o F 12295 glastifólia W. glaucous-leav'dpr 1s Pk N. Amer. 1758. D s.l N. Amer. 1758. D s.l Bot. mag. 2554 Bot. mag. 2381 '1773. LIDBECK'IA. W. LIDBECKIA. 12296 pectináta W. silver-leaved pr 2 my.jn Compositæ. my.jn Y 12297 lobáta W. lobed 1774. CE'NIA. J.

CENIA. 12298 turbináta P. S. turbinated M 1775." COʻTULA. W.

COTULA. 12299 anthemoídes W. 12300 coronopifólia W.

Anthemis-like Buckshorn-lvd. w un 12258 12278 pr 2 my.jn Y Compositæ. un 1 jl.au W Compositæ. 1 jl.au Y 12285 Sp. 2-3.

C. G. H.

C. G. H. 1774. C 1.p 1800. C l.p Ber.ca.306.t.5.f.9 Lam. ill.t.701.f.3 Sp. 1.

C. G. H. 1713. S co Sp. 5-29.

St. Helena1696. S co C. G. H. 1683. S co 12289 Lam. ill.t.701.f.1 Dill. elt. t.23.f.25 Lam. ill.t.700.f.1 12262 12280 12276 12273 History, Use, Propagation, Culture, Though these plants will grow in any soil, yet when in small pots they require a rich loam, and are the better for being watered, as in China, with liquid manure. The different varieties are well described by Mr. Sabine, in the fourth and fifth volumes of the Horticultural Transactions. 1770. Pyrethrum. An ancient Greek name, applied to this plant from its supposed resemblance to the πuρεθρov of Dioscorides. That plant is believed to have been the Anthemis pyrethrum, or Pellitory of Spain, of the moderns, and to have received its name from the burning qualities of its root; πuς, fire. All the plant of Pyrethrum Parthenium has a strong unpleasant smell, and a bitter taste. It is used externally, in the form of lotion and of poultice, and internally as an infusion for colic, hysterical affections, and weak digestion. There are some double-flowering varieties, which are very ornamental. 1771. Matricaria. So named on account of the use which is made of it in disorders of females. Matricaire, Fr., Mutterkraut, Ger., and Matricaria, Ital. It excites menstruation. Chamomilla is an alteration of the ORDER II.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA. 12255 Leaves all cuneiform oblong bluntly serrated, Stem branched diffuse 12256 Leaves stalked serrated: lower roundish; upper ovate, Stem 1-headed 12257 Leaves with very narrow segments, Petioles very short connate 12258 Leaves pinnatifid fleshy: segments linear entire, Pedunc. long corymbose 12259 Leaves trifid fleshy; segments somewhat toothed linear blunt, Pedunc. long subcorymbose 12260 Leaves bipinnatifid linear acute, Pedunc. 1-headed terminal 12261 Leaves lanceolate serrated: radical oblong, Stem 1-headed 12262 Cauline leaves lanceolate deeply toothed: radical pinnatifid, Stem 1-headed 12263 Leaves pinnatifid: segments of the lower linear lanc. entire or bifid; upper linear entire 12264 Leaves fleshy pinnatifid linear toothed: upper linear trifid 12265 Leaves pinnatifid: segments lanc, somewhat 3-toothed fleshy, Pappus unequally toothed 12266 Leaves pinnatifid: segm. lanc. deeply toothed somewhat fleshy: upper lin. toothed, Pappus uneq. toothed 12267 Leaves downy glaucous subsessile lyrate pinnatifid unequally toothed, Heads corymbose 12268 Leave pinnate powdery, Leaflets pinnatifid blunt toothed, Pedunc. corymbose, Pappus toothed 12269 Leaves woolly bipinnate, Pinnæ and pinnules obl. imbricated, Stem 1-headed, Invol. woolly 12270 Leaves bipinnate: pinnæ lin.-filiform 2 or 3-parted, Stem erect branched, Pappus 2-lobed 12271 Leaves pinnatifid: segm. lanc. finely serrated, Grains subulate, Pappus unequally toothed 12272 Leaves linear serrulate, Heads corymbose 12273 Leaves lanc.: lower serrated at end; upper entire, Branches corymbose 12274 Leaves lanc. all deeply serrated, Stem erect branched at end 12275 Lower leaves pinnatifid toothed: upper linear entire, Stem 1-headed 12276 Leaves ovate obl. serrated: radical stalked; cauline sessile auricled at base, Heads corymbose 12277 Leaves hairy subsessile pinnatifid toothed blunt, Corymb terminal compound 12278 Leaves pinnated smooth: pinnæ once or twice pinnatifid with acute diverging segments, Invol. smooth 12279 Leaves bipinnate linear silky: pinnæ crossing, Pedunc. corymbose, Ray shorter than involucre 12280 Leaves pinnated, Pinnæ lanc. pinnatifid finely serrated: upper confluent, Pedunc. corymbose 12281 Lvs. petiol. flat bipinnate the segm, ovate cut, Pedunc. branch. corymb. Stem erect, Invol. hemispherical [pubescent 12282 Leaves pinn.: pinnæ obl. obt. pinnatifid toothed; upper confluent, Stem virgate, Heads corymbose 12283 Leaves bipinnate: leaflets linear subulate, Stem 1-headed 12284 Rad. leaves bipinnate: pinnæ linear pinnatifid; cauline bipinnatifid, Heads corymbose 12285 Leaves sess. bipinnatifid with segm. capillary, Stem branched spreading, Pappus entire 12286 Leaves bipinnatifid the segm. linear fleshy awnless, Stem diffuse branched, Pappus lobed 12287 Leaves bipinnate linear blunt, Stem ascending somewhat corymbose, Ray length of invol. 12288 Leaves hoary bipinnate linear blunt, Stem simple, Pedunc. twin, Ray shorter than disk 12289 Leaves pinnatifid: pinnæ cuttoothed, Pedunc. long nearly naked 1-headed, Scales of invol. blunt 12290 Leaves triply pinnate, Scales of invol. acute 12291 Leaves glabrous bipinnatifid the segments capillary, Invol. nearly plane: its scales obtuse 12292 Leaves glabrous bipinnatifid: stem branched suffruticose 12293 Leaves pinn. somewhat fleshy, Pinnæ linear blunt, Scales of invol. blunt, Grains margined on one side 12294 Leaves all entire 12295 Lower leaves serrated 12296 Leaves pinnatifid glaucous beneath 12297 Leaves stalked 5-lobed 12298 Ray short white: red on the lower surface 12299 Leaves pinnate multifid dilated, Ray none 12300 Leaves lanc. lin. amplexicaul. pinnatifid toothed, Stem procumbent, Branches 1-headed 12291 12292 12294 12298 12299 12300 12297 and Miscellaneous Particulars.

Greek χaμai μηλov, a dwarf-apple, which Pliny informs us was applied to the plant, on account of its smelling of apples, or rather quinces. It is remarkable, that the Spaniards call it mancinilla, which also means a little apple. The chamomile of medicine is another plant. See Anthemis.

M. Chamomilla is supposed to possess the same qualities with the officinal chamomile (Anthemis nobilis), but in an inferior degree. Most of the species, and chiefly this one, are rejected by quadrupeds. in an inferior degree. Most of the species, and chiefly this one, are rejected by quadrupeds. 1772. Boltonia. Named after I. B. Bolton, an English botanist, who wrote a work upon the Ferns of Great Britain, and another upon the fungi growing about Halifax, published in 1788-9. 1773. Lidbeckia. E. G. Lidbeck, a German botanist, published some works upon agricultural matters. 1774. Cenia. From κεvoς, empty, in allusion to its inflated calyx. 1775. Cotula. A diminutive of Cota, an old name for some species of Anthemis, which this resembles in miniature. 3A2 SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

CLASS XIX. 12301 viscósa W. 12302 tanacetifólia W. clammy Tansy-leaved un au W Vera Cruz 1739. D l.p un jn.au Y C. G. H. 1783. S co Plu. ma, t.430.f.7 12307 latifólia Desf.

Cótula bícolor W. 12303 sphæránthus Link. round-headed 1776. GRAN'GEA. J. GRANGEA. 12304 cuneifólia Lam. wedge-leaved 12305 mínima W. 12306 maderaspátana Lam. Madras 1777. ANACY'CLUS. W. ANACYCLUS. un 2 my.jn Y Congo 1821. D co Compositæ.

Sp. 4-6. un jl.s Y China 1816. S co Lam. ill.t.699.f.2 least un lin jl.s Y China 1768. Sco Burm. in.t.58.f.3 un jl.au Y E. Indies 1780. S co Lam. ill. t.699.f.3 two-colored un 1 jl.au W.Y E. Indies 1804. S co Lam. ill. t. 699.f.1 Compositæ. 12308 créticus W. trailing pr 1 jn.au Y Sp. 6-11.

Candia 12309 orientális W. oriental Opr 1 jn.au Y 12310 aúreus W. golden-flowered 2 prjn.au Y 12311 valentínus W. fine-leaved pr 1 jn.jl Y 12312 radiátus Link. purple-stalked Opr 1 jl.au Y 1759. S co Levant 1731. S co Levant 1570. S co 1656. S co Spain S. Europe 1596. S s.l Ann.mus.11.t.22 Boe. lugd. 1.t.110 Lam. ill.t.700.f.2 Sch.ha.3.t.254.b.

Breyn. cent. t.75 12313 clavátus Link.

Anthemis valentína W. 1778. AN'THEMIS. W. CHAMOMILE. 12314 rigéscens W.en. 12315 Cóta W. 12316 altíssima W. 12317 marítima W. 12318 tomentósa W. 12319 pubéscens W. 12320 míxta W. 12321 saxatilis W. en. 12322 Chamomilla W.en. various-leaved 12323 chía W. 12324 nóbilis W. - flore pleno 12325 arvénsis W. 12326, austríaca W. 12327 Cótula W. 12328 fuscáta W. 12329 montána W 12330 Pyrethrum W. 12331 globósa W. 12332 tinctória W. 12333 discoídea W. 12334 arábica W. corn stinking brown-scaled mountain Pellitory of Spain globe Ox-Eye saw-leaved clubbed Opr 1 jl.au W Barbary 1801. S co Biv. cen. sic.1.t.7 Composite.

Sp. 29-47. rigid Venetian Apr 2 jl.s pr 1 jl.au W Caucasus 1805. D co W. hor. be. 1.t.62 W Italy 1714. S co Plu. alm. t.17.f.5 tall sea pr 6 au pr 1 jl.au W S. Europe 1731. S co W England sea co. S s.l Eng. bot. 2370 downy April.o W Levant 1795. D co pubescent Apr 1 jl.au W simple-leaved pr 1 jl.au W S. Europe 1803. D co France 1731. S co Mic. gen. t.30.f.1 rock cut-leaved pr A Apr 1 jl.au Opr 1 jn.o 1 jl.au W Hungary 1807. D co W S. Europe 1807. D co Chio W 1731. S co common Am jl.s W Britain gra.pa. D co Eng. bot. 980 double E W Austrian W pr or el 1 au.s Apr 1 jn.n pr 1 jl.au 1 my.au W Britain dr. fi. S co Austria 1759. S co Britain cor.fi. S co Portugal 1805. S co 1759. D co Italy S. Europe 1570. D s.p S. Europe 1570. D co Britain sto. pl. D co 1800. S co Italy Opr 1 jl.au D.Y Barbary China 1759. S s.l 1819. D co Barbary 1818. S co Tauria 1823. D co Caucasus 1820. D co Spain 1818. D co Eng. bot. 602 Jac. aust. 5. t.444 Eng. bot. 1772 Ger. prov. t. 8 Bot. mag. 462 Jac. schœ.3.t.371 Eng. bot. 1472 Smith spic.9.t.10 Bot. reg. 527 Desf. atl. t. 239 Austria 1824. D co Jac.aust.app.t.30 Carpathia 1820. D co Arabian 12335 apiifólia R. Br. 12336 punctáta W.

Parsley-leaved Apr 2 au.s W dotted pr 1 au.s W 12337 ruthénica Bieb.

Russian Opr 1 my.jn W 12338 fruticulósa Bieb. shrubby Apr 1 jn W 12339 coronopifólia W. 12340 alpína W.

Buckshorn-lvd.

A Apr 1 jn.jl W alpine 12341 carpática W.

Carpathian pr A jn.jl W 12342 fállax W. doubtful 0 pr jn.jl W pr 1 jl.au W 1825. S co 1.

O pr jl.au Y 1823. S co un 1 jl.au 12306 Y Mexico 1798. S co Bot. reg. 707 12307 2779. CENTROSPER MUM. Spreng. CENTROSPERMUM a Composite.sp.Sp 12343 chrysánthum Spreng. yellow 1780. SANVITA'LIA. Cav. SANVITALIA. 12344 procúmbens Cav. trailing 12302 Compositæ. Sp. 1. 1 jn.au W OW 1 jn.s W pr 1 jl.au W jl.o Pu 1 jn.jl W W Y Y 12308 12310 12343 12344 History, Use, Propagation, Culture, 1776. Grangea. A genus of Adanson's. The meaning of the word is unknown. 1777. Anacyclus. An abridgement of Ananthocyclus, which was the name originally proposed by Vaillant, and which does not appear to have been altered for the better. He formed it from a, privative, avθoς, a flower , and κuκλoς, a circle; on account of the rows of ovaries without flowers, which are placed in a circle round the disk. 1778. Anthemis. From avθoς, a flower, on account of the multitude of flowers with which the plants are covered. A. nobilis is in considerable repute, both in the popular and scientific Materia Medica. The flowers, which are the parts used, have a strong and fragrant smell, and a bitter aromatic taste; both are extracted by water and alcohol. The active principles appear to be bitter extractive, resin, and essential oil. Medicinally, the flowers are considered tonic, carminative, and slightly anodyne yet when a strong infusion of them is taken in a tepid state, it proves powerfully emetic. Given in substance, united with opium and astringents, if astringents, if the bowels be easily affected, they have been successfully used for the cure of intermittents; and the infusion, in combination with ginger, or other aromatics, and the alkalies, is an excellent stomachic in dyspepsia, chlorosis, gout, flatulent cholic, and chronic debility of the intestinal canal. The tepid strong infusion is a ready emetic, and is often employed to promote the operation of other emetics. By coction in water, the essential oil is ORDER II.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA. 12301 Leaves lyrate pinnated, Flowers radiant 12302 Leaves tripinnate: segment acute, Stem erect, Heads flosculose corymbose 12303 Stem hirsute, Leaves lyrate pinnatifid hairy, Heads terminal hemispherical 12304 Leaves cuneiform smooth 3-toothed stalked, Heads axill. sessile 12305 Leaves obl. cuneate repand-toothed stalked, Heads axill. sessile 12306 Leaves obl. sinuate toothed downy, Stem branched procumbent, Pedunc. 1-headed opp. the leaves 12307 Leaves obovate toothed cut at base stalked, Peduncles branched 12308 Leaves bipinnate, Leaflets oblong, Stem procumbent 12309 Leaves bipinnate, Leaflets linear subulate flat, Stem ascending, Peduncle naked terminal 12310 Leaves bipinnate roundish hoary with excavated dots 12311 Leaves decompound linear; segm. divided roundish acute, Heads flosculose 12312 Leaves 3-pinnate, Pinn. linear-subulate downy, Stem branched divaricating, Pedunc. thick 12313 Leaves bipinnate linear, Pedunc. inflated, Grains winged 12314 Leaves bipinnatifid: segm, somewhat toothed rigid, Paleæ oblong acuminate 12315 Leaves bipinnatifid: segm. lin. subulate toothed, Paleæ round pungent dilated at base 12316 Leaves bipinnatifid: segm. lanc. somewhat toothed; lower teeth reflexed, Paleæ lanc. cuspidate 12317 Leaves bipinnatifid dotted beneath: segm. lanc. entire, Grains naked, Stem herbaceous 12318 Snow-white, Leaves pinnate: pinnæ 3 or 5-fid, Invol. downy, Stem erect 12319 Leaves bipinnate: pinnæ linear, Stem erect and invol. downy, Inner scales sphacelate at end 12320 Leaves sessile pinnatifid: segments toothed, Stem erect branched 12321 Leaves pinnate: pinnæ linear entire subpubescent, Floral leaves simple, Branches 1-headed 12322 Rad. leaves bipinnatifid toothed : : cauline pinnatifid somewhat toothed 12323 Leaves bipinnatifid stalked: segm. trifid oblong acute, Petioles sheathing, Sheaths toothed 12324 Lvs. bipinn. the segm. lin. subul, a little downy, Scales of recept. membranous scarcely long. than the disk [entire pappus 12325 Lvs. bipinnatif. their segments lin. lanc. pubesc. Recept. conical its scales lanc. Pericarps crowned with an 12326 Recept. conical: paleæ obl. mucronate, Grains naked, Leaves bipinnate woolly 12327 Leaves bipinnatif. glabrous their segm. subul. Receptacle conical its scales setaceous, Pappus O. 12328 Recept. subconical, Paleæ obl. blunt, Grains naked, Lvs. bipinnate linear filiform 3-parted 12329 Leaves pinnated downy: pinnæ linear trifid bluntish, Stem ascending, Pedunc. long naked downy 12330 Leaves 3-pinnate: leaflets linear, Stem decumbent, Branches axillary 1-headed 12331 Leaves hairy bipinnatifid: segments trifid lanc. linear, Stem nearly erect divided 12332 Leaves bipinnatifid serrated downy beneath, Stem erect branched subcorymbose 12333 Leaves bipinnate serrated smooth, Stem erect branched, Pappus membranous toothed cut on one side 12334 Leaves pinnated: pinnæ linear 3-parted, Stem proliferous, Heads solitary axillary sessile 12397 Leaves woolly bipinnate: pinnæ lanc. acute, Flowering branches corymbose, Recept. conical 12335 Leaves smooth pinnatifid: lobes cuneate trifid or cut, Heads solitary 12336 Leaves bipinnatifid dotted beneath: segments entire, Crown of grains toothed 12338 Leaves stalked silky bipinnate: segm. linear acute, Invol. downy, Rays ovate 12339 Leaves linear sessile pinnatifid: segm. entire, Stem erect branched 12340 Leaves sessile pinnatifid: segm. linear subulate pectinate entire, Stem downy 1..headed 12341 Leaves pinnated: pinnæ linear entire blunt, Stem downy 1-headed [edge 12342 Leaves pinnated revolute at edge: segm. lin. subul, subtrifid, Upper scales of invol. blunt with a membran. 12343 The only species, resembling a Calendula 12344 Stem procumbent, Leaves ovate entire 12317 12315 12324 12325 12327 12330 12332 and Miscellaneous Particulars. 12334 dissipated: chamomile flowers, therefore, ought never to be ordered in decoctions. Externally, they are used as fomentations in cholic, intestinal inflammation, and to phagedenic ulcers and their infusion is also found to be an useful addition to emollient anodyne glysters in flatulent cholic, and in irritations of the rectum producing tenesmus. (London Disp. p. 158.) There is a double variety generally grown for the apothecaries it is more ornamental than the single, but much less efficacious as a medicine. A. cotula is said by Linnæus to be a very grateful plant to toads; to drive away fleas, and to annoy bees. It is a very common weed on soft rich soils and dunghills, and increases by seeds with amazing rapidity .

The tribe of Anthemideæ, of which this genus is the example, are nearly related to Heliantheæ. In their They style they resemble Inuleæ, Senecioneæ, and Nassauvieæ, but their floral organs are different. inhabit Europe, Asia, and Africa, scarcely one has been found in America, or the southern parts of the world. 1779. Centrospermum. From κεvτρov, a spur, and σπερμη, a seed, in allusion to the spiny points of the pappus. A small annual plant with the aspect of Calendula. 1780. Sanvitalia. Named by Lamarck without any explanation. A hardy annual plant, with flowers having a yellow ray and dark purple disk, like some species of Rudbeckia. 3A3 1781. ACHILLE'A. W. MILFOIL. 12345 linguláta W. tongue-leavedor 12346 Hérba-róta W.

Herbarota or jn.jl W 12347 grandiflóra M. B. 12348 Ptármica W. great-flowered or Sneezewort or 1 jl.au W 1 jl.n W ẞ flore pléno double-flowered or 1 jl.n W 12349 cristáta W. slender-branch.or jl.au W 12350 Agératum W.

Sweet Maudlinor 2 au.o Y 12351 decolórans W.en. pale-yellow or 1 jn.au W.Y 12352 speciósa W.en. spear-leavedor 1 jl.s W 12353 alpína W.

Alpine 12354 serráta W. 12355 Clavénnæ W. 12356 impátiens W. 12357 pectináta W. ochroleúca Waldst. 12358 squarrósa W. 12359 falcáta W. 12360 tenuifólia W. rough-headed or jl.n W SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

Composite. Sp. 50-69. 1 jl.au W ...... ...

Hungary 1815. D co France 1640. D co Caucasus 1815. D co Britain moi.pl. D co C co Italy 1784. D p.l S. Europe 1570. D s.p 1798. D co 1804. D co 1731. D s.p ...... ......

CLASS XIX.

Pl.rar.hun.1.t.2 All. ped. 1.t.9.f.3 Eng. bot. 757 Siberia Bo. mu. 144.t.101 saw-leaved or au.s Y Switzerl. 1686. D co silver-leavedor jn.jl W impatient Aor 2 jn.s W Austria 1656. D p.1 Siberia 1759. Dco Bot. mag. 1287 Gme.si.2.t.83.f.1 comb-leaved Aor 1 au.s Pa.Y Hungary 1801. D co Pl.rar.hun.1.t.34 or 1 jl.au W ...... sickle-leaved or jn.s Pa.Y Levant 1775. D p.l 1739. D co Lam. ill. t.683.f.3 slender-leaved or 1 jn.au Y Levant 1733. D co 12361 Santolína W.

Lavend.-cotton-lv. or 1 jn.au 12362 anthemoídes W.

Chamomile-like or jn.au Pa. Y Levant Pa. Y 1759. D p.l D co ...... ... 12363 atráta W. black-cupped or 2 jl.s W Austria 1596. D co Jac. aust. 1. t. 77 12364 biserráta Bieb. biserrate or 1 jn.jl W Albania 1820. D co 12365 coronopifólia W.

Buckshorn-lvd.or 1 jl.au 2 Pa. Y Levant 1823. D co Wil.achill.t.1.f.2 12366 álbida W.en. whitish or Pa.Y ...... 1819. D co 12367 chamæ melifólia Dec. dwarf or W France 1825. D co 12368 Gerbéri W.

Siberian Aor 1 jl.au 12369 moscháta W. musk or 2 jn.jl Pa. Y Siberia W Itally 1821. D co Gmel.sib.t.83.f.2 1775. D co Jac. aus.5.t.ap.33 12370 nána W. dwarf Aor jn.au W Italy 1759. D co All. ped. 1.t.9.f.2 12371 crética W.

Cretan or 1 jl.au W Candia 1739. D p.1 12372 ægyptíaca W.

Egyptian or 1 jl.s Pa.Y Levant 1640. R p.l 12373 macrophýlla W. large-leaved Aor 3 jl.au W Italy 1710. D co Bocc. mus. t. 34 Tourn. it. 1. t. 87 Triumf. obs. t.23 12374 aúrea W. golden-flower'd or 1 jn.s Y 12375 Eupatórium W.

Caspian or 2 jl.au Y 12376 compácta W. compact or 1 jl.au Pa.Y Levant 1739, D co Casp. Sho. 1803. D co ...... 12377 pubescens W. downy or 1 jn.s L.Y 12378 crithmifólia W. 12379 tanacetifólia W. 12380 distans W. 12381 lanáta W.en. 12382 mágna W. 12383 Millefólium W.

ẞ rúbra Samphire-leav. or jl.au W Tansy-leaved or 1 jl.au Pk branching or 3 jl.au W Levant 1739. D p.l Hungary 1804. D p.1 Switzerl. 1658, D co Italy 1804. D co Pl.rar.hun.1.t.66 Moris.6.t.11.f.14 All. ped. t. 53.f.1 woolly or 1 jl.au W 1804. D co great Aor 3 jn.n W Yarrow or 2 jn.o W S. Europe 1683.

Britain D co pas.

D co Eng. bot. 758 red-flowered or 2 jn.o W ......

D co ... 12384 asplenifólia P. S. 12385 micrántha W.

Rose-colored or 1 jn.au Pk N. Amer. 1803. D s.p Vent. cels. t. 93 small-flowered or 1 jn.o Y Levant 1805. D p.l 12386 tomentósa W. tomentose or 2 my.o Y Britain hea. D co Eng. bot. 2532 12387 ochroleúca W. cream-colored or 2 jl.s Pa.Y 1804. D co 12388 microphýlla W. small-leaved or 1 jl.s W Spain 1800. D co 12389 Ligústica W.

Ligurian or + jn.au W 12390 nóbilis W. showy or 2 jn.au W Italy 1791. Dico Germany 1640. D co Barr. ic. 1114 All.ped.1.t.53.f.2 Schk.han.3.t.255 12392 odoráta W. 12391 myriophýlla W. en. many-leaved or 1½ jl.s W sweet-scented or jn.au W 12393 setácea W. bristly or 1 jn.au W 12394 abrotanifólia W.

Southernw.-lv.or 2 jn.au Y 1798. D co Spain 1729. D co Hungary 1805. D p.1 Levant Jac. col. 1. t. 21 Pl.rar.hun.1.t.80 1739. D p.l 1782. TRI'DAX. W.

TRIDAX. 12395 procumbens W. long stalked un Compositæ. jl.au Sp. 1-2.

Y 1783. AMEL'LUS. W.

AMELLUS. 12396 Lychnítis W. 12397 villósus Ph. 12398 spinulósus Ph. trailing villous spiny pr pr 1 au.s Apr 2 au.s Compositæ. jn.jl Vi Y Y Sp. 3-4.

C. G. H.

Mexico 1804. S co 1768. C p.l Jac.co.su. t. 10.f1 1811.

Missouri 1811. D co Missouri 1811. D co 12345 12348 12356 12357 12363 12368 12369 History, Use, Propagation, Culture, 1781. Achillea. Named after Achilles, a disciple of Chiron, and the first physician who used it in healing wounds. A. Ptarmica is called sneeze-wort, because the dried powder of the leaves snuffed up the nostrils provokes sneezing. In the spring, the young tender shoots were formerly put into salads, to correct the coldness of other herbs . There is a variety with double flowers, which is very ornamental, especially in pots. A. moschata, the Genipi of the Swiss, is an excellent sudorific, aromatic, and acrid, and is a grateful food to cattle. ORDER II.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA. 12345 Leaves obl. linear blunt doubly serrulated downy ciliated, Stem villous 12346 Leaves linear narrowed at base serrated and stem smooth [at end 12347 Leaves lin. acute equally and finely serrulate smooth, Stem panicled, Corymbs few-headed, Paleæ bifid 12348 Leaves linear lanc. acuminate sharply serrated 12349 Leaves lin. plane acuminate toothed: teeth emarginate transversely ciliated, Stem diffuse 12350 Leaves obl. blunt serrated narrowed into the petiole fascicled glabrous, Corymb compound contracted 12351 Leaves linear acuminate equally and finely serrated smooth: serratures of the base deepest, Paleæ entire 12352 Leaves lanc . equally and finely serrated downy, Serratures of base deepest , Stem panicled, Paleæ entire 12353 Leaves linear pectinate pinnatifid glabrous: segm. subserrated, Corymb compound 12354 Leaves downy linear lanc. pinnatifid: segments deepest at base 12355 Leaves downy pinnatifid smooth: segm. linear blunt: upper toothed at end, Corymb simple 12356 Leaves pectinate pinnatifid smooth: segm. linear acute; lower 2-parted, Corymb simple 12357 Leaves pectinate pinnatifid: segm, linear subulate entire, Corymb compound contracted, Stem downy 12358 Leaves pinnatifid: segm. obl. cuneate unequally toothed vertically bent, Corymbs simple 12359 Leaves pinnated roundish pilose: pinnæ 3-parted toothed imbricated across, Corymbs simple 12360 Leaves pinnat. somew. downy, Pinnæ 3-part. blunt entire transversely imbr. Ray scarcely long. than invol. 12361 Leaves pinnated somewhat downy, Pinnæ 3-parted transverse distant: segm . 3-toothed, Stem branched 12362 Leaves pinnated downy: pinnæ linear entire blunt; lowest longest, Cymes simple 12363 Leaves pectinate pinnate smooth: pinnæ linear acuminate usually 3-parted 12364 Leaves linear-lanc. acuminate unequally and finely biserrate villous beneath 12365 Leaves downy pinnatifid: segm. lanc. serrated, Corymb compound 12366 Stem downy, Leaves pinnated minutely cut acute rigid bent upwards with a downy nerve 12367 Leaves pinnated: pinnæ long distant very narrow linear entire, Corymb compact branched 12368 Cauline lvs. pinnatifid with entire segm.: radic. pinnatifid with 3-fid segm. Ray scarcely larger than invol. 12369 Leaves pectinate pinnate smooth, Pinnæ linear bluntish entire dotted 12370 Leaves pinn. villous: pinnæ toothed linear; radical bipinnate, Stem quite simple 12371 Leaves pinn, downy: pinnæ roundish 4-fid concave spreading, Stem branched at end 12372 Leaves pinn. downy: pinnæ roundish bluntly toothed , Corymb compound 12373 Leaves pinn. smooth: pinnæ lanc. cut-serrated; outer confluent, Corymb compound 12374 Leaves bipinnate downy: pinnæ linear-lanc. toothed, Corymb simple, Peduncles long 12375 Leaves bipinnatifid hoary: segm. lin. lanc. serrated, Corymb compound globose, Flowers flosculous 12376 Leaves bipinnatif. setaceous villous: segm. lanc. entire, Corymb compound contracted, Flowers flosculous 12377 Leaves bipinnatifid pubescent: segm. linear lanc. unequal acute, Corymb compound 12378 Leaves downy: cauline bipinnatifid with linear blunt segm.; radical bipinnate, Corymbs compound 12379 Leaves bipinnatifid: segm. lanc. serrated, Corymb compound spreading 12380 Leaves bipinnatifid: segm. lanc. cut-serrated, Rachis winged cut-serrated, Corymbs fastigiate compound 12381 Leaves bipinnatifid villous: segm. lanc, blunt, Corymbs fastigiate compound 12382 Leaves thrice pinnatifid: segm. lanc. acute, Corymbs compound fastigiate 12383 Leaves bipinnate slightly hairy their segm. linear toothed acute, Stems furrowed 12384 Leaves pinnatifid downy beneath: segm. toothed, Stem branched fastigiate smooth 12385 Leaves bipinnatifid downy: segm. lanc. entire, Corymb compound abs comp. fastigiate 12386 Leaves bipinnatifid woolly: the segm. crowded linear acute, Corymbs repeatedly compound 12387 Leaves subbipinnatifid: pinnæ of the base undivided: segm . lin. lanc. Corymb compound, Invol. cylindr. 12388 Leaves bipinnatifid shorter than the intervals between them: segm. lin. entire, Corymbs 12389 Leaves bipinnatifid : bipinnatifid: segm. lin. finely serrated, Rachis winged entire, Corymb compound fastigiate 12390 Cauline leaves bipinnatifid: segm. lin. somew. toothed, Rachis winged toothed: radical thrice pinnatifid 12391 Leaves bipinnate downy: pinnæ pinnatifid, Segments linear-subulate, Corymbs compound fastigiate 12392 Leaves bipinnate pilose beneath: pinnæ linear entire, Corymb simple 12393 Leaves bipinnate: leaflets linear setaceous mucronate very compact pilose, Corymbs compound fastigiate 12394 Leaves bipinnate downy: pinnulæ very fine linear entire distant, Corymbs compound fastigiate 12395 The only species 12396 Leaves hoary linear lanc. opposite: those of the branches alternate 12397 Very villous, Leaves sessile oblong acuminate entire, Heads axillary on short stalks 12398 Hoary, Lvs. bipinnatifid cut-toothed, Segm. linear rigid mucronate, Heads lateral and terminal clustered 12346 12379 12392 12370 12388 and Miscellaneous Particulars. 1782. Tridax. From τρiδaκvoς, cut into three pieces. The rays of the flower are divided in three. 1783. Amellus. A name used by Virgil for a beautiful flower growing on the banks of the river Mella. The plant of Virgil is supposed to have been Aster Amellus. 3A4 SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA.

CLASS XIX. 1784. STAR'KEA. W. STARKEA.

Composite. Sp. 1. 12399 umbelláta W. umbel-flowered un 1 jn.jl Y Jamaica 1768. Dl.p Lam. ill.t.682.f.2 1785. COLUMEL/LIA. Jacq. COLUMELLIA.

Composite. Sp. 1. 12400 biénnis Jacq. biennial un 1 jn.jl C. G. H. 1821. S co Y Jac.schœ.3.t.301 1786. ECLIP TA. W.

ECLIPTA.

Composite. Sp. 2-10. 12401 erécta W. upright 12402 prostráta W. trailing un 2 jl.s W un jl.s W America 1690. $ 1.p Dil.el.t.114.f.137 E. Indies 1732. S l.p Dil.el.t.113.f.138 1787. MEYE'RA. Swz.

MEYERA.

Composite. Sp. 1. 12403 séssilis Swz. sessile un 1 jl.au Y W. Indies D co ...

Bot. rep. 429 1788. CHRYSANTHEL/LUM. P. S. CHRYSANTHELLUM. Composite. Sp. 1. 12404 procumbens P. S. procumbent un 1 jn.jl Y W. Indies 1768. S co Sw. ob.314.t.8.f.1 Verbesína mútica W. 1789. SIEGESBECKIA. W. SIEGESBECKIA.

Composite. 12405 orientális W. oriental 12406 flosculósa W. small-flowered pr 2 jn.jl pr 2 au.o Y Sp. 2-5.

India 1730. S co Y Peru 1784. S co Schk.han.3.t.256 L'Her. stirp. t. 16 1790. VERBESI'NA. W. VERBESINA.

Compositæ.

Sp. 10-23. 12407 aláta W. 12408 virgínica W. 12409 gigantéa W. 12412 serráta W. 12415 dichotoma W. 12416 fruticosa W. wing-stalked white-flowered tree American Coreopsis-like saw-leaved Oil-seed Ceylon forked shrubby Apr 2 my.o Or Ś. Amer. 1699. C l.p Bot. mag. 1716 পপপ Apr 2 jl.s un 8 un 3 o.n pr 5 s.n un 3 jl.o un 6 au.s un 2 jl.s un 3 jn.jl un 3 jn.au 12417 nodiflóra P. S. sessile-flowered w 12418 parviflóra W. small-flowered 12419 trilobáta W. three-lobed 1793. ACMEL/LA. P. S. ACMELLA. 12420 mauritiána P. S. Balm-leaved Spilanthes Acmella W. 12421 buphthalmoídes P.S. oval-leaved Oun 1 jl.s 1794. ZALUZA'NIA. P. S. ZALUZANIA. 12422 tríloba P.S. three-lobed un 1 jl.s 1795. PASCAʼLIA. W. PASCALIA. 12423 glaúca W. glaucous-leaved Apr 1 jn.au Y 12410 Siegesbéckia. W. 12411 Coreópsis Ph.

Coreopsis alternifólia W. 12413 satíva H. K. 12414 calendulácea W. 1791. SYNEDREL/LA. P. S. SYNEDRELLA. 1792. GALINSO'GEA. W. GALINSOGEA.

N. Amer, 1812. D co W. Indies 1758. C l.p Virginia 1731. D co N. Amer. 1640. D co Mexico 1803. Dl.p E. Indies 1806. S co Ceylon 1739. S co E. Indies 1789. S co W. Indies 1759. C co Jac. ic. 1. t. 175 Jac. vind. 2.t.110 Cav. ic. 3. t. 214 Bot. mag. 1017 Bur. zey. t. 22.f.1 M. co.go.1779.t.4 Plum. ic. t. 52 W. Indies 1726. S s.l Ex. flora, 60 Composite. Sp. 2-6.

Oun 3 my.s D.Y S. Amer. 1796. S co Cav. ic. 3. t. 281 un 3 au.n 0 Composite. un 1 jl.au Y Y Compositæ.

Peru 1797. S co Sp. 2-7.

Mauritius 1768. S s.1 S. Amer. 1798. S co Sp. 1-2.

Mexico 1798. D l.p Sp. 1.

Chili W ...

Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Compositæ. jn.jl Sp. 1-3.

Y Bot. mag. 1895 Rump. am.6.t.65 Jac. schœ.2.t.151 Y Compositæ. 1799. D co Bot. rep. 549 1796. HELIOP'SIS. P. S. HELIOPSIS.

Compositæ.

Sp. 1. 12424 læ'vis P.S.

Sunflower-lvd.or 6 jl.o Y Buphthalmum helianthoides W. 1797. BUPHTHAL/MUM. W. Ox-EYE. 12425 frutéscens W. shrubby or 12426 arboréscens W. tree or 12422 12400 12401 Compositæ. 2 jn.au Y 3 my.s Y N. Amer. 1714. D co L'Her.stirp.t.45 Sp. 9-27.

America 1696. C p.l Dill.elt. t. 28.f.44 Bermudas 1699. C p.1 Dill.elt. t.38.f.43 12402 12404 12399 12407 12412 History, Use, Propagation, Culture, 1784. Starkea. Named by Willdenow, after the Rev. Mr. Starke, of Gros Tchirna, in Silesia, who paid much attention to the Cryptogamous plants of that country. This genus was included by Linnæus in Amellus, from which Willdenow remarks that it differs in habit, and in its hairy receptacle. The flowers 1785. Columellia. So called by Jacquin, after the celebrated Geoponic writer, Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella, a Spaniard, born fortytwo years before Christ. A plant resembling Amellus annua. are yellow and sessile in the dichotomies of the branches. The Columellia of Loureiro is a different thing. dichotomies of the branches. The Columellia of Loureiro is a different thing . 1786. Eclipta. A translation of the Malay name Wangi-wangi-maihg, which signifies an eclipse of the sun, name Wangi-wangi-maing, which signifies an eclipse of the sun, to which the form and disposition of the radiated flower has been likened. Worthless weeds with white flowers. 1787. Meyera. Named after Gottlieb- Andrew Meyer, a German, who published, in 1694, a dissertation upon the Sycomorus of Scripture. 1788. Chrysanthellum. A diminutive of Chrysanthemum, which see. 1789. Siegesbeckia. Dr. John George Siegesbeck, a German physician, director of the garden at St. Petersburgh, published in 1736, a catalogue of it under the title of Flora of St. Petersburgh. There was also a Botanosophia from his pen in 1737.

ORDER II.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA. 12399 Leaves opp. 3-nerved downy beneath, Heads in umbels 12400 The only species 12401 Stem erect strigose, Leaves oblong lanc. sessile remotely serrated 12402 Stem prostrate strigose, Leaves obl, lanc. somewhat stalked subserrate somewhat wavy scabrous 12403 Stem erect, Leaves amplexicaul, ovate toothed 12404 Leaves alternate 3-parted toothed: radical oblong serrated, Stem creeping 12405 Leaves stalked ov, unequally toothed subtriangular at base somewhat cut, Outer invol, longer than inner 12406 Leaves sessile ovate toothed, Florets of disk 3-toothed triandrous 12407 Leaves alternate decurrent wavy blunt 12408 Leaves alternate lanc. subserrate, Corymb compound 12409 Leaves alternate deeply pinnatifid, Stem shrubby 12410 Leaves opposite ovate lanc. serrated acuminate at each end decurrent 12411 Stem winged, Lvs. lanc, acuminate somewhat stalked serrated, Heads corymbose, Cor. of ray lanceolate 12412 Leaves opposite ovate-lanc. serrated downy beneath 12413 Leaves opposite cordate-lane. amplexicaul. remotely serrated, Invol, simple 5-leaved 12414 Leaves opposite obl. lanc. bluntish strigose serrated at end, Pedunc. 1-headed long, Invol. simple 12415 Leaves opposite ov, acuminate serrated 3-nerved hairy, Pedunc. winged 1-headed, Invol. simple 12416 Leaves opposite ov. acuminate serrated 3-nerved scabrous on each side, Pedunc. 1-headed axillary 12417 Leaves opposite ov. serrated 3-nerved, Heads axillary subsessile, Invol. simple, Stem trichotomous 12418 Leaves ovate 3-nerved serrated 12419 Leaves oblong lanceolate toothed 3-nerved: lower hastate 3-lobed 12420 Stem procumbent downy, Lvs. ovate entire, Pedunc. lateral, Ray shorter than disk 12421 Leaves ovate serrated 3-nerved downy beneath, Ray many-flowered 12422 Leaves ternate 3-lobed: lower opposite, Stem suffrutescent 12423 The only species 12424 Leaves opposite ovate serrated 3-nerved, Invol. leafy, Stem herbaceous 12425 Leaves opposite obovate hoary, Petioles with 2 teeth 12426 Leaves opposite lanceolate narrowed at base not toothed smooth 12403 12405 12417 12423 12420 12419 12424 12425 and Miscellaneous Particulars. 1790. Verbesina. A name with the same meaning as Verbena, which see. The V. alata resembles Vervain in the appearance of its foliage. 1791. Synedrella. A name of unknown meaning. A little worthless weed. 1792. Galinsogea. Named after after Mar. Ma. Galinsoga, first physician to the queen of Spain, and intendant of the garden of Madrid. One of the species, G. trilobata, is sometimes cultivated as a hardy annual. But it does not possess much merit. 1793. Acmella. From aκωη, a point, on account of the pricking taste of the foliage. 1794. Zaluzania. Apparently an alteration of Zaluzianskia, a name applied in error to Marsilea trifolia, and formed in honor of an obscure Polish botanist. 1795. Pascalia. A genus dedicated by Ortega to Didan Pascal, doctor of medicine, and a professor at Parma. 1796. Heliopsis. A name with the same meaning, and a genus with the same habit, as Helianthus, which see. 1797. Buphthalmum. From ẞss, an ox, and oφθaλμoς, an eye, in allusion to the broad open disk of the flowers. It is believed that the Buphthalmum of Pliny is a species of Anthemis. SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA. 12427 seríceum W. 12428 spinósum W. 12429 aquáticum W. 12430 marítimum W. 12431 salicifólium W. silky prickly or 3 my.jl Y O ☐ or 3 jn.s Y sweet-scented Oor jl.au Y sea or 1 jl.s Y Willow-leaved or 1½ jn.o Y 12432 grandiflórum W. 12433 cordifólium W. great-flowered heart-leaved Aor 1 jn.o Y Aor 1 jn.au Y CLASS XIX.

Canaries 1779. C p.1 Bot. mag. 1836 Spain 1570. S co Barr. ic. 551 S. Europe 1731. Sco Breyn. cent. t.77 Sicily 1640. D s.l Bocc.mus. t.129 Austria 1759. D co Jac. aust. 4.t.370 Austria 1722. D p.1 Moris.s.6.t.7.f.52 Hungary 1739. D1.I Pl.rar.hu.2.t.113 1798. HELIANTHUS. W. SUN FLOWER.

FRUSTRANEA.

Compositæ.

Sp. 24-31. 12434 ánnuus W. annual or 6 jn.o Y S. Amer. 1596. S co Reneal.spec.t.83 12435 indicus W. dwarf annual or 3 jn.o Pa. Y Egypt 1785. S co Tabern. ic. 764 12436 tubæfórmis W. tube-flowered or 5 jl.au Y 12437 dentátus W. tooth-leaved or 6 s.n Y 12438 multiflórus W. many-flowered or 6 au.o Y Mexico 1799, S co Mexico 1798. C l.p N. Amer. 1597. D co Jac.schœ.3.t.375 Cav. ic. 3. t. 220 Bot. mag. 227 B plénus double-flowered or 6 au.o Y N. Amer.

D co 12439 tuberósus W.

Jerusalem Artich. cul 8 S.O Y Brazil 1617.

R co Jac. vind.2.t.161 12440 angustifólius Ph. narrow-leaved or 3 s.o Y N. Amer. 1789.

D co Bot. mag. 2051 12441 macrophýllus Ph. large-leaved or 6 au.o Y N. Amer. 1800.

D co W.hort. ber.t.70 12442 móllis W. soft △ or 4 jl.o Y N. Amer. 1805.

D co 12443 decapétalus W. ten-petalled or 6 au.n Y N. Amer. 1759.

D p.1 Rob. ic. 235 12444 prostrátus W. rough 2 jl.s Y N. Amer. 1800.

D co 12445 strumósus W. 12446 altíssimus W.

Carrot-rooted or 8 jl.s Y N. Amer. 1710.

D p.l Boc. sic. t. 27. f.4 tall or 8 jl.s Y N. Amer. 1731. D co Jac. vind. 2.t.160 12447 gigantéus W. 12448 longifólius Ph. 12449 diffúsus B. M. gigantic or 10 s.o Y N. Amer. 1714. D co Moris.s.6.t.7.f.66 long-leaved or 6 au.o Y diffuse or 3 au.o Y Georgia 1812. D co N. Amer. 1821. D co 12450 lineáris Cav. linear or 2 au.o Y 12451 trachelifólius W. 12452 excélsus W.

Trachelium-lv.or 6 s.o Y Mexico 1823. D co N. Amer. 1825. D co Bot. mag. 2020 Bot. reg. 523 lofty or 8 s.o Y Mexico 1820. D co Cav. ic. t. 219 12453 missúricus Link.

Missouri or 3 s.o Missouri 1821. D co 12454 trilobátus Link. three-lobed or 3 s.o Y Mexico 1824. D co 12455 divaricátus Ph. divaricate or 6 au.o Y N. Amer. 1759.

D p.l Mo.h. s.6.t.7.f.66 12456 pubéscens W. downy or 4 jl.o Y N. Amer. 1795.

D co Bot. reg. 524 12457 atrorúbens W. dark-purp.-eyed or 3 jl.o Br N. Amer. 1732.

D p.l Bot. reg. 508 1799. GYMNOLO'MIA. Kunth. GYMNOLOMIA.

Composite.

Sp. 1. 12458 maculátum Kunth. spotted pr 3 jn.jl Y W. Indies 1821. D p.1 Bot. reg. 662 1800. RUDBECK'IA. W. RUDBECKIA.

Compositæ.

Sp. 12-20. 12459 pinnáta Ph. fragrant or 3 au.s Y N. Amer. 1803. D co Bot. mag. 2310 12460 digitáta W. narr.-jagged-lv.or 6 au.s Y N. Amer. 1759. D p.1 Moris.s.6.t.6.f.54 12461 laciniata W. broad-jagged-lv.or 6 jl.s Y N. Amer. 1640. D p.l Moris.s.6.t.6.f.53 12462 columnáris Ph. high-crownedor 3 au.s Y N. Amer. 1811. D co Bot. mag. 1601 12463 subtomentósa Ph. downy-lobed or 3 au.s Y 12464 tríloba W. three-lobed or 4 au.s Y N. Amer. 1802. D co N. Amer. 1699. S co Bot. reg. 525 12465 hírta W. great-hairy 12466 fúlgida H. K. small-hairv A or 2 jn.n Y N. Amer. 1714. D p.l Sweet's fl.gar.82 or 3 jl.au Y 12467 lævigáta Ph. smooth or 3 jl.au Y 12468 amplexifólia W. stem-clasping or 3 jl.au Y 12469 purpúrea Ph. purple or 5 jl.o D.P 12470 serótina Sweet late or 2 au Y N. Amer. 1760. D p.1 Carolina 1812. C co Louisiana 1793. S co N. Amer. 1699. D p.1 N. Amer. 1823. D co Bot. mag. 1996 Jac. ic. 3. t. 592 Bot. mag. 2 Sweet's fl.gard.4 12427 12429 12465 12450 12469 12430 12431 12470 History, Use, Propagation, Culture, 1798. Helianthus. From ηλioς, the sun, and avθoς, a flower. Nothing can be a more complete ideal representative of the sun, than the gigantic sun-flower, with its golden rays; it is dedicated with great propriety to the sun, which it never ceases to adore while the earth is illuminated by his light. When he sinks into the west, the flowers of Helianthus are turned towards him; and when he rises in the east, the flowers are again ready to be cherished by the first influence of his beams. H. annuus is a well known border annual, which will grow in any soil. There are varieties with double flowers, the tubular florets being changed into ligular ones, like those in the ray. The whole plant, and particularly the flower, exudes a thin pellucid odorous resin, resembling venice turpentine. From the seeds an edible oil has been expressed, and they are also excellent food for domestic poultry. The flowers turning with the sun, is by some considered a popular error; Gerarde says he never could observe it; and Professor Martin has seen four flowers on the same stem pointing to the four cardinal points. H. tuberosus, Topinamboúr, Fr., Erdapfel, Ger., and Girasole, Ital., is called Jerusalem, from the corruption of the Italian word Girasole; and Artichoke, from the resemblance in flavor which the tubers have to the bottoms of artichokes. These tubers are in considerable esteem on the continent as a substitute for potatoes; and before the introduction of that vegetable, they were a good deal in use in this country. Their culture and treatment is the same as for that vegetable. H. multiflorus a showy autumnal flower. ORDER II.

SYNGENESIA SUPERFLUA. 12427 Leaves opposite close spatulate oblong silky, Scales of invol. setaceous hirsute 12428 Leaves alternate obl. lanc. amplexicaul. entire hirsute, Invol. leafy mucronate 12429 Invol. bluntly leafy sessile axillary, Leaves oblong blunt alternate nearly entire, Stem dichotomous 12430 Invol. bluntly leafy stalked, Lvs. alternate spatulate, Stem herbaceous 12431 Leaves alternate obl.-lanc. subserrated 3-nerved villous, Invol. naked, Stem herbaceous 12432 Leaves alternate lanc. somewhat toothletted smooth, Invol. naked, Stem herbaceous 12433 Leaves alternate: lower stalked cordate doubly serrated: upper sess. ovate serrated, Stems herbaceous FRUSTRANEA. 12434 Leaves all cordate 3-nerved, Pedunc. thick, Heads cernuous 12435 Leaves all cordate 3-nerved, Pedunc. evensized, Invol. leafy 12436 Leaves cordate cuneate at base villous 3-nerved, Pedunc. thick fistular 12437 Leaves ovate acuminate narrowed at base unequally serrate scabrous, Pedunc. filiform, Rays obovate 12438 Leaves 3-nerved scabrous: lower cordate; upper ovate, Ray many-fl. Scales of invol. lanceolate 12439 Leaves 3-nerved scabrous: lower cordate-ovate; upper ovate acum. alternate, Petioles ciliated at base 12440 Stems slender about 1-headed, Leaves linear revolute at edge rough 12441 Leaves ovate acuminate 3-nerved serrated scabrous above hoary beneath, Invol. squarrose 12442 Leaves ovate acuminate 3-nerved closely serrated scabrous above: hoary and soft beneath 12443 Lvs. ov, acum. remotely serrat. 3-nerv, scabr. Scales of invol. lanc. nearly equal subciliated, Rays 10 or 12 12444 Lvs. lanc. acuminate scabr. serrated 3-nerved: upper entire, Scales of invol. lanc. ciliated, Stem procumb. 12445 Lvs. ovate acuminate serrated 3-nerved scabrous beneath, Scales of invol. lin. lanc. ciliated at base 12446 Lvs. altern. lanc, serr. scabr. 3-nerved narrow. at end stalked, Petioles ciliated, Scales of invol. lanc. ciliat. 12447 Lvs. altern. lanc. serr. scabr. obsol. 3-nerv, narrow. at each end subsess. ciliat. at base, Scales of inv. lanc. cil. 12448 Smooth, Stem panicled, Branches few-flowered at top, Lvs. sessile very long entire: lower serrated 12449 Stem hispid spreading, Leaves ovate rigid scabrous, Peduncles very long 1-flowered 12450 Leaves altern. or opp. sessile linear revolute at edge entire 1-nerved, Heads corymbose 12451 Leaves ov. lanc. acuminate serrated 3-nerved very rough on each side, Scales of invol. lin. lanc. ciliated 12452 Leaves altern. lanc. serrated scabrous 3-nerved narrowed at each end woolly at base, Stem vill. in 2 rows 12453 Leaves amplexicaul. Heads on long stalks, Disk of head dark purple 12454 Stem erect hairy, Lvs. stalked 3-lobed very rough, Invol. hairy, Pappus with 2 setæ 12455 Stem smooth much branched, Lvs. opp. sessile lanc. ovate 3-nerved, Panicle trichotomous slender few-fl. 12456 Leaves subsess, cordate ovate 3-nerved amplexicaul. closely serrated downy, Scales of invol. lanc. villous 12457 Leaves opp. spatulate crenate 3-nerved scabrous, Scales of invol. erect the length of disk 12458 Leaves oblong-lanceolate subserrate, Heads 1-3, Ray 8-flowered [hispid 12459 Lvs. all pinnat.: one or other of the lower pinnæ 2-parted; the rest undivided, Pappus ent. Stem furrowed 12460 Rad. lvs. pinn.: leaflets sessile lanc. toothed somewhat cut; upper confluent, Pappus entire 12461 Rad. lvs. pinn. leaflets ovate unequal at base about 3-lobed toothed, Pappus 4-toothed 12462 Stem upright simple few-fl. at top, Leaves pinnatifid cut: segm. linear, Invol. simple 5-leaved 12463 Stem branched, Branches erect many-fl. Lvs. obl. lanc. acute serrated: lower 3-lobed 12464 Leaves spatulate: lower 3-lobed; upper undivided 12465 Leaves undivided spatulate ovate 3-nerved serrated hairy, Recept. conical, Paleæ lanceolate 12466 Leaves obl. lanc. toothletted hispid narrowed at base subcordate, Recept. hemispherical, Paleæ lanceolate 12467 Quite smooth, Peduncles long 1-headed, Lvs. ovate-lanc. acuminate each way 3-nerved 12468 Leaves obl. lanc. cordate amplexicaul.: lower serrated, Disk cylindrical conical 12469 Leaves lanc, ovate alternate undivided, Rays bifid 12470 Stem hispid, Lower leaves broad-ovate tapered at base remotely toothed very rough, Rays 3-toothed 12436 12441 12438 12449 12447 12439 12452 and Miscellaneous Particulars.

This genus has given rise to a most important and extensive tribe of plants, the Heliantheæ, which is at once the most numerous of the various tribes of Compositæ, and on account of its strict affinity with several others, the most difficult to characterize with precision. Although it is perfectly natural, yet there is scarcely a character belonging to it which is not subject to many exceptions, and to more or less important modifications. Almost all the species of Heliantheæ are natives of America, several of Asia, a few of Africa, and scarcely any of Europe. They appear to be entirely unknown in the southern parts of the world. 1799. Gymnolomia. From γuμvoς, naked, and λωμa, an edge; in allusion to the nature of the margin of the grains. 1800. Rudbeckia. Named after the famous Olaus Rudbeck, professor of botany at Upsal, who died of grief in 1702, at witnessing the destruction by fire of his laborious work, called Campi Elysii, which was nevertheless published in 1701 and 2, by the diligence of his son. He is also celebrated for having made the discovery that the Paradise of Scripture was situated somewhere in Sweden. Handsome border annuals or perennials. R. purpurea is remarkable for bearing purple flowers. 1801. GALAR DIA. W. GALARDIA. 12471 bícolor W. two-colored or SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA. 2 jl.o Or Carolina 1787. D co CLASS XIX.

Composite. Sp. 1-2.

Bot. mag. 1602 1802. TITHONIA. Desf. TITHONIA.

Compositæ. Sp. 1. 12472 tagetiflóra W.

Marigold-flow. pr 1 jl.o Or Vera Cruz 1818. D co Bot. reg. 591 1803. COSMEA. W.

COSMEA.

Compositæ.

Sp. 4-6. 12473 lútea B. M. yellow-flowered pr 2 o.n Y Mexico 1811. S co Bot. mag. 1689 12474 sulphúrea W.

Southernw.-lvd. pr 2 jlau Y Mexico 1799. S co Jac. ic. 3. t. 595 12475 bipinnáta W. purple-flowered pr 2 jl.au Pu Mexico 1799. C l.p Bot. mag. 1535 12476 parviflóra W. white-flowered pr 2 jl.au W Mexico 1800. S co Jac. 1804. COREOP'SIS. W. COREOPSIS.

Compositæ.

Sp. 19-32. 12477 ferulæfólia W.

Fennel-leaved A or Aor 3 o.n Y Mexico 1799. Dl.p Bot. mag. 2059 12478 verticilláta W. whorl-leaved or 3 jl.o Y N. Amer. 1759.

D p.l Bot. mag. 156 12479 tenuifólia W. slender-leaved or 2 jl.au Y N. Amer. 1780.

D co Pl.man. t.344.f.4 12480 chrysántha W.

Angelica-leav. or 2 jl.s Y W. Indies 1752.

S co Plum. ic. 53. f. 1 12481 aúrea W.

Hemp-leaved or 3 au.s Y N. Amer. 1785.

D p.l 12482 trípteris W. three-leaved or 6 au.o Y N. Amer. 1737.

D p.l Moris.s.7.t.3.f.44 12483 senifólia W. six-leaved or 4 au.o Y N. Amer. 1812.

D co 12484 álba W. climbing or 6 jn.jl W 12485 incísa B. reg. jagged-leaved or 6 s.d Y W. Indies ...

D co 12486 réptans W. 12487 lanceoláta W. 12488 tinctória Nutt. 12489 auriculáta W. 12490 latifólia W. 12491 argúta Ph. 12492 crassifólia W. trailing $or 6 jl.s Y lanceolate Dyer's ear-leaved broad-leaved ભજા 715 or 3 jl.s Y or 2 my.o Y or 6 au.o Y or 3 au.s Y sharp-notched or 2 au.s Y ... thick-leaved or 3 au.o Y 12493 angustifólia W. narrow-leaved or 2 jn.au Y 12494 aláta W. wing-stalked 12495 prócera W. tall A or 3 jl.au Y Jamaica 1699. Dl.p W. Indies 1792. Sco Carolina 1724. S co Missouri 1822. S co N. Amer. 1699. D p.1 N. Amer. 1786. D co Carolina D co Carolina 1786. D p.l N. Amer. 1778. D p.1 Mexico 1803. D co Bot. cab. 821 Bot. reg. 846 Plu. alm. t.83.f.5 Herm. para. 124 Bot. reg. 7 Smith spic. t. 22 Cav. lc. 3. t. 260 or 8 s.o Y N. Amer. 1765. D p.l SIMSIA. 12496 ficifólia Pers. fig-leaf 1806. OSMITES. W.

OSMITES. 1805. SIM'SIA. Pers. 12497 amplexicaúlis Pers. stem-clasping 12498 camphorína W. Camphire-scent. pr 1 ap.jl W Composite.

Sp. 2-3.

Oun 3. jl.au Y Mexico 1799. S co Cav. ic. 1. t. 77 un 4 jl.au Y ...... 1806. D p.l Compositæ.

Sp. 2-5.

C. G. H. 12499 dentáta Thunb. toothed pr 1 ap.jl W C. G. H. 1807. ENCE/LIA. Cav. ENCELIA.

Compositæ. 12500 canéscens Cav. 1808. SCLEROCARPUS. W. SCLEROCARPUS. 12501 africanus W.

African downy-leaved pr 12 jl Or 1809. CULLU'MIA. H. K. CULLUMIA.

Sp. 1-2.

Peru Compositæ.

Sp. 1. un 2 jl.au Y 1794. C 1.p Se. mu. 1.t.90.f.8 1820. Cl.p 1786, C l.p Bot. reg. 909 Guinea 1812. S co Jac, ic. 1. t. 176 Composite.

Sp. 3. 12502 ciliáris H. K. ciliated or 2 my.jn Y C. G. H. 1774. C p.l Bur. afr. t.54. f.1 12503 setósa H. K. recurv. smooth-lv. or 2 jn.au Y C. G. H. 1780. C l.p 12504 squarrósa H. K. recurv. awl-lvd. or 2 jn.au Y C. G. H. 1786. Cl.p Th. act. haf.3.t.5 1810. BERCKHEYA.

H. K. BERCKHEYA.

Compositæ.

Sp. 8-20. 12505 cynaroídes W.

Artichoke-cup. or 1 jn Y C. G. H. 1789. D 1.p 12506 obováta W. smooth-shrubb. or 2 jn.au Y C. G. H. 1794. C l.p Ho.n.h.6.t.34.f.2 12507 incána W. hoary or 2 jl.au Y C. G. H. 1739. C l.p Jac. ic. 3. t. 591 12508 cuneáta W. 12509 palmáta W. 12510 grandiflóra W. wedge-leaved or 2 jn.au Y C. G. H. 1812. C l.p Th.act. ha.3.t.10 palmated or 3 jn.au Y C. G. H. 1800. C l.p Th. act.ha.3.t.13 large-flowered or 2 jn.au Y C. G. H. 1812. C l.p Bot. mag. 1844 12511 uniflóra W. single-flowered or 3 jn.au Y C. G. H. 1815. D co Th. act. haf.3.t.7 12512 cérnua H. K. drooping-flow. or 2 my.jl Y C. G. H. 1774. S co Meerb. ic. 1. t.40 1811. DIDEL/TA. W.

DIDELTA.

Composite.

Sp. 2. 12513 carnósum W. 12514 spinósum W. alternate-leav'd opposite-leaved un 3 jn.jl Y C. G. H. 1774. C 1.p L'Her. stirp.t.28 un 3 jn.jl Y C. G. H. 1774. C l.p Wen.obs.t.4.f.32 12471 12472 12477 12486 12474 12494 12478 History, Use, Propagation, Culture, 1801. Galardia. Fougeroux de Bondaroy, the nephew of Duhamel, dedicated this genus to M. Gaillard de Charentonneau, an amateur of botany. 1802. Tithonia. A fanciful name given to this plant by Desfontaines, because of the color of its flower, which resembles Yellow Morning, or Aurora, whose husband was Tithonus. 1803. Cosmea. From κoσμoς, beautiful, on account of the elegance of the foliage. 1804. Coreopsis. From κoρiς, a bug, and oψiς, resemblance. Its seed is convex on one side, and concave on the other; it has a membranous margin, and it has two little horns at the end which gives it very much the appearance of some insect. C. verticillata is a handsome shrubbery plant, continuing long in flower; the florets are used in North America, to dye cloth red. C. tinctoria is a very handsome border annual. 1805. Simsia. Named by Persoon, after Dr. John Sims, the co-editor with Mr. König, of the excellent Annals of Botany, and for many years the sole editor of the Botanical Magazine. ORDER III.

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA. 12471 Stem branched, Leaves lanc. Paleæ of pappus entire awned 12472 The only species 12473 Leaves pinnate and bipinnatifid, Pinnæ serrated somewhat decurrent, Ray few-flowered neuter 12474 Leaves bipinnatifid: segm. lanc. Segm. of exterior invol. lanceolate 12475 Leaves bipinnate, Leaflets linear subulate, Scales of outer invol. ovate 12476 Leaves bipinnate, Leaflets filiform, Scales of outer invol. lanceolate 12477 Leaves bipinn. Pinnüles lin. lanc. not broader than their rib 12478 Leaves whorled 3 or 5-pinnated: pinnæ lin. 3-parted and undivided, Disk discolored 12479 Leaves whorled 3 or 5-pinnated: pinnæ lin. 3-parted and undivided, Disk same color as ray 12480 Leaves ternate ovate-obl. serrated, Ray same color as disk 12481 Leaves serrated: radical 3-parted: cauline trifid or entire lanc. linear 12482 Leaves entire: radical pinnated; cauline in threes lanc. stalked 12483 Leaves entire ternate sessile 12484 Leaves subternate cuneate serrated 12485 Villous, Leaves stalked quinate and ternate: leaflets ovate-lanc. subpinnatifid or cut serrated 12486 Leaves serrated ovate: upper ternate, Stem creeping 12487 Leaves lanceolate entire ciliated 12488 Rad. leaves pinnate or bipinnate entire, Outer leaves of involucre short, Ray discolored at base 12489 Leaves entire ovate: lower ternate 12490 Leaves ovate acuminate crenate toothed, Grains naked 12491 Leaves stalked lanc. ovate by degrees acuminate finely serrated, Corymbs dichotomous term. and axillary 12492 Leaves obovate oblong entire downy 12493 Leaves alternate lin. lanc. entire smooth, Ray oblong trifid: middle segm. largest 12494 Stem winged, Leaves alternate scabrous roundish ovate cuneate at base 3-nerved 12495 Leaves ellipt. acuminate serrated stalked veiny decurrent: lower whorled; upper alternate 12496 Leaves 3-lobed toothed roughish, Petiole naked at base 12497 Hoary, Leaves somewhat palmate 3-lobed, Petiole leafy at base amplexicaul. 12498 Leaves lanc. obsoletely serrated toothed at base smooth 12499 Leaves obovate toothed villous 12500 Cor. of ray 4-fid nearly equal to disk, Leaves hoary with down 12501 The only species 12502 Leaves ovate smooth imbricated at the edge and rib ciliate-spiny, Spine of the end reflexed 12503 Leaves alternate obl. recurved smooth ciliate-spiny, Leaves of invol. ciliated 12504 Leaves altern. lanc. subulate recurved smoothish ciliat. spiny decurr. at base, Segm. of invol. ciliate spiny 12505 Cauline leaves altern. amplexicaul. ciliate spiny: radical entire unarmed, Scales of invol. entire 12506 Leaves opp. obl. lanc. narrowed at base spiny-toothed smooth, Scales of invol. ciliate spiny 12507 Leaves altern. ovate spiny-toothed 3-nerved netted hoary villous, Scales of invol. toothed spiny villous 12508 Leaves altern. obl. cuneiform spiny-toothed villous on each side, Scales of invol. toothed spiny 12509 Leaves altern. lanc. pinnatifid downy beneath: segm. entire spiny at end, Scales of invol. 3 or 5-fid 12510 Leaves opp. lanc. 3-nerved spiny-toothed downy beneath, Scales of invol. spiny-toothed 12511 Leaves altern. lanc. spiny-toothed downy beneath, Stem herbaceous 1-headed, Scales of invol. lanc. spiny- 12512 Leaves altern. lanc. amplexicaul. spiny-toothed ciliated smooth on each side, Heads cernuous [toothed 12513 Leaves altern. lanceolate oblong fleshy 12514 Leaves opp, somewhat amplexicaul. ovate 12498 12513 12496 12502 12507 and Miscellaneous Particulars. 12501 12500 1806. Osmites. From oσμη, perfume. One of the species gives out a strong smell of Camphor. 1807. Encelia. A name of Adanson's, the meaning of which is unknown. A pretty half shrubby plant,. with grey soft leaves. 1808. Sclerocarpus. From σκληρoς, hard, and κaρπoς, fruit, with reference to the bony covering of the grain. 1809. Cullumia. Named after Sir Thomas Cullum, an English baronet, and one of the earliest promoters of the principles of Linnæus in this country. He is still living, at a very advanced age. 1810. Berckheya. Named after John Lefranc de Berckhey, a Dutch botanist. 1811. Didelta. From δiς, double, and δελτa, a Greek letter equivalent to the English D; because the receptacle resembles a double triangle.

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA. 1812. GORTERIA. W. GORTERIA. 12515 personáta W. procumbent 1813. GAZA'NIA. H. K. GAZANIA.

Compositæ. Sp. 1-3. or jlau Y CG. H. 1774. S co CLASS XIX.

Jac. col.4.t.21.f.1 Composite. Sp. 4-9. 12516 rígens H. K. great-flowered or 1 my.s Or C. G. H. 1755. C p.l Bot. mag. 90 12517 uniflóra B. M. garden or 1 jl.au Y C. G. H. 1816. C p.l Bot. mag. 2270 Bot. mag. 2270 12518 Pavónia H. K.

Peacock or 1 jn.jl Y C. G. H. 1804. C p.1 Bot. reg. 35 12519 subuláta H. K. awl-leaved or 1 jl.au Y C. G. H. 1792.

D I.p 1814. CRYPTOSTEM'MA. CRYPTOSTEMMA. 12520 calenduláceum H. K. Marygold-flow. 12521 hypochondríacumH.K.divided-rayed Oor 12522 runcinátum H. K. Dandelion-lvd.

Compositæ.

Sp. 3-5. or 1 jn.au Y.Pu C. G. H. 1752.

S co Bot. mag. 2252 1 jl.au Y C. G. H. 1731. S co or 1 jl.au Y C. G. H. 1794.

S co 1815. ARCTOTHECA. W. ARCTOTHECA.

Composite. Sp. 1. 12523 répens W. creeping Aor 1 jlau YC. G. H. 1793. D co Jac.schœ.3.t.306 1816. SPHENO GYNE. H.K. SPHENOGYNE. 12524 anthemoídes H. K. white-crowned Compositæ.

Sp. 7.

O el jl.s Y C. G. H. 1774.

S co Bot. mag. 544 12525 crithmifólia H. K. Samphire-leav. el 1 ap.au Y C. G. H. 1768. C l.p Bur. afr. t. 65.f.1 12526 scariósa H. K. scaly-cupped ☐ el 1 ap.au Y C. G. H. 1774.

C l.p 12527 abrotanifólia H. K. Southernw.-lv. el 1 my.au Y C. G. H. 1789. C 1.p 12528 dentáta H. K. small-leaved el 1½ jn.jl Y C. G. H. 1787.

C 1.p Burm. afr. t. 64 12529 odoráta H. K. smooth-seededel 1 ap.jn Y C. G. H. 1774. C l.p 12530 pilífera Ker. piliferous el 1 d Y C. G. H. 1821.

C l.p Bot. reg. 604 1817. ZŒ'GEA. W.

ZOE GEA.

Composite.

Sp. 1. 12531 Leptaúrea W. yellow-flowered un jl.au Or Levant 1779. S co Jac. ic. 1. t. 177 1818. LEU'ZEA. Dec.

LEUZEA.

Compositæ.

Sp. 2-5. 12532 conífera Dec. cone or jn.s Pu 12533 altáica Link.

Altai or jn.s Pu S. Europe 1683. D 1.p Ann. mu. 16.t.14 Siberia 1822. D co 1819. CENTAU'REA. W. CENTAURY.

Compositæ.

Sp. 101-182. 12534 phrýgia W. feathery-calyx.or 1 jn.o 12535 salicifólia Bieb.

Willow-leaved 12536 pectináta W. pectinated or 1 jl.o 12537 austríaca W.

Austrian or 1 12538 uniflóra W. one-headed or 1 jn.o 12539 flosculósa W. flosculous or 12540 nervósa W. en. nerved or 12541 trichocéphala W. 12542 rivuláris Brot. downy-calyxed or river-side or 12543 hyssopifólia W.

Hyssop-leaved or 12544 nígra W.

Black Knapweed 12545 nigréscens W. 12546 Triumfétti W. 12547 montána W. સસ્ત્ર માત્ર માતા 12548 axilláris W. 12549 Cyánus W.

Cyanus 12550 paniculáta W. 12551 spinósa W. 12515 dark Triumfetti's mountain axillary Blue-bottle panicled W 1 my.au Pu un 1 jn.au Pu un 1 jn.au Aor 1½ jn.au or 1 jn.au Pu O or 3 jn.au B or 1 jl.au Pu prickly-branch.or 12516 2 jl.s Switzerl. 1633. D co Caucasus 1823. D co France 1727. D co Austria 1815. D co S. Europe 1819. D co Italy 1818. D co S. Europe 1815. D co Siberia 1805. D co Portugal 1812. D co Spain 1812. C co Britain Gm.s.2.t.45.f.1.2 Barr. ic. 306 past. D co Eng. bot. 278 Hungary 1805. D co M. Cenis 1820. D co Austria 1596. D co Austria 1823. D co Britain corn fi. S co Europe 1640. S co Candia 1640. C p.1 Pu Fl. dan. 520 or 1 jn.o Pu Pu jn.o Pu Pu 1 jn.o Pu 1½ jn.s Pu 1 jl.au Pu 2 jl.s Br jl.au Pu Pu B Pu 12517 Bot. mag. 77 Eng. bot. 277 Jac. aust. 4.t.320 Bot. mag. 2493 12518 12520 12523 12524 12530 History, Use, Propagation, Culture, 1812. Gorteria. Named after David Gorter, a Dutchman, professor of botany at Harderwych, and afterwards physician to Elizabeth, Empress of Russia. He published published a Flora Belgica in 1767, and assisted Kraschenninikoff in his Flora Ingrica. G. Rigens is a very showy plant when the flowers are fully expanded. All the species are of easy culture. 1813. Gazania. Supposed to have been so called from γaζa, riches, in allusion to the splendour of the flowers. 1814. Cryptostemma. From κρuπτov, concealed, and σεμμa, a crown; the scaly crown of the grains being involved in wool. Tender annuals, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. 1815. Arctotheca. See Arctotis, from which this has been divided. 1816. Sphenogyne. So called from σφηv, a wedge, and γuvη, a female, in allusion to the wedge-shaped stigmas. Pretty annual flowers. 1817. Zoegea. Named after Dr. J. Zoega, who published a Flora Islandica in 1775. Leptaurea is an abbreviation of Lepto-centaurea, small centaurea. 1818. Leuzea. Divided by M. Decandolle, from Centaurea, from which it differs in not having the outer florets barren, nor the pappus with simple hair, nor the insertion of the fruit oblique. He named it after his friend Deleuze.

ORDER III.

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA. 12515 Leaves lanc. entire and sinuated, Stem erect, Flowers stalked 12516 Leaves lanc. spatulate and pinnatifid entire white with down beneath, Pedunc. 1-headed terminal 12517 Stem shrubby decumbent, Leaves spatulate-lanceolate downy beneath, Ray same color as disk 12518 Leaves pinnatifid hairy above downy beneath: segm. oval-lanc. Scape 1-headed, Stem decumbent 12519 Stem leafy decumbent 1-headed, Leaves subulate linear revolute at edge downy beneath 12520 Ligulæ undivided, Leaves pinnatifid toothed downy beneath 12521 Ligulæ 3-5-parted, Leaves lyrate downy 12522 Ligulæ 3-5-parted, Leaves runcinate toothed downy beneath 12523 The only species 12524 Smooth, Lvs. bipinnatifid or pinnatifid linear-filiform, Lvs. of pappus white 12525 Smooth, Lvs. pinnatifid linear filiform, Outer leaflets of invol. subulate 12526 Leaves bipinnatifid or pinnatifid linear filiform smooth, Scales of invol. scarious blunt shining 12527 Leaves bitripinnatifid and invol. downy 12528 Leaves pinnatifid smoothish: segm. 2-3-toothed, Teeth piliferous, Outer scales of invol. lanceolate 12529 Leaves flat smooth cut pinnatifid at end, Outer Ívs. of invol. scarious at end, Pappus obsolete 12530 Leaves fleshy linear pinnatifid and bipinnatifid, Pappus much shorter than the florets of disk 12531 The radical and lower cauline leaves pinnatifid 12532 Leaves tomentose: root ones lanceolate; stem ones pinnatifid, Stem simple 12533 Flower very large §1. CYANUS. Involucrum ciliated, unarmed. * Involucrum with feathery setæ. 12534 Inv. recurved-feathery, Leaves oblong undivided scabrous mucronate serrulated 12535 Inv. recurved-feathery top-shaped, Leaves oblong undivided scabrous mucronate serrulated, Stem simple 12536 Invol. recurved feathery, Leaves mucronate-serrated: lower stem ones sinuate pinnatifid 12537 Invol. recurv. feathery, Lvs. egg-shap.undivid. scabr. gross. tooth.: upp. ones and those of branches undivid. 12538 Invol. recurved feathery, Leaves lanceolate sometimes toothed downy 12539 Invol, recurved feathery, Head without a neutral ray, Leaves hairy lanceolate remotely toothed 12540 Invol. recurved feathery, Leaves ovate lanceolate toothed at base nerved downy, Corollas flosculous 12541 Invol. recurved feathery pubescent, Leaves linear-lanceolate quite entire scabrous 12542 Invol. erect feathery, Lower lvs. lanc. attenuat. into the petiole serrul.; caul. ov.-obl. downy on each side 12543 Invol. recurved feathery pubesc. Head without a neutral ray, Lvs. lin. quite entire, Stem somew. shrubby ** Involucrum with ciliated appendages. 12544 Scales of the invol. ovate ciliated with capillary teeth, Lower leaves angular lyrate: upper ones ovate 12545 Innermost invol. scales scarious, Root lvs. obsoletely pinnatif.: lower stem ones somew. tooth. at the base; upper ones undivided quite entire 12546 Invol, serrated with white ciliæ, Leaves decurrent deeply pinnatifid, Pinnæ generally two 12547 Invol. serrated, Leaves smoothish lanceolate quite entire decurrent, Stem simple 12548 Invol. ciliated variegated, Leaves sessile linear downy, Stem 1-headed 12549 Scales of the involucre serrated, Leaves linear entire: the lowermost toothed 12550 Invol. ciliated egg-shaped, Scales flat close-pressed: Lower lvs. bipinnatif.: upper pinnatif. Stem panicled 12551 Invol. ciliated, Root lvs. undivided and pinnatifid smooth, Stem lvs. downy pinnatifid, Branches spinous 12531 12532 12534 12541 12544 12547 and Miscellaneous Particulars. 12549 1819. Centaurea. It is said, that with this plant, the Centaur Chiron cured the wound in his foot made by the arrow of Hercules. Crupina is from the Dutch verb kruipen, which signifies to creep; because the dark multifid pappus resembles the legs of a creeping insect. Phrygia signifies dry (φρuγioς), in allusion to its calyx. Jacea is said to have been so named from jacere, to lie down, on account of its prostrate habit. Calcitrapa, the Latin of a caltrop, or iron ball covered with stiff spines, formerly used in warfare to impede the operations of cavalry. Its calyx is very like one of these instruments. Centaurea Crocodilium is so named, because the spines of the calyx have been fancifully likened to the claws of a Crocodile.

Verutum, the name of another species, is the Latin of a short javelin used by the Roman foot-soldiers. The spines on its calyx resemble a small dart.

C. nigra is a harsh stubborn weed in meadows and permanent pastures, seldom touched by cattle either green or in hay, and with difficulty extirpated. C. cyanus, Bluet, Fr., Kornblume, Ger., and Ciano, Ital., is a common weed in corn fields, on gravelly soils, throughout Europe, and also a popular border annual. The expressed juice of the natural florets makes a good ink; it also stains linen of a beautiful blue, but the color is not permanent. C. benedicta was so called from its being supposed to possess extraordinary medical powers; it was or or or or 1 jl.au or or large-headed dark-purple or or winged-stalked ▲or long or Greater Knapw.w Succory-leaved or spotted-calyxed or wing-leaved or Caucasian or sheep's or evergreen or white-leaved or Tartarian or or 12552 Cinerária W. 12553 cinérea W. 12554 dealbáta W. 12555 argentea W. 12556 coriácea W. 12557 Fischéri W. en. 12558 macrocéphala W. 12559 átropurpúrea W. 12560 aláta W. 12561 elongáta W. 12562 Scabiósa W. 12563 intybácea H. K. 12564 maculósa P. S. 12565 Stœ'be W. 12566 ochroleúca W. 12567 ovína W. 12568 sempervirens W. 12569 ragusína W. 12570 tatárica W.

SYNGENESIA FRUSTRANEA. hoary-leaved gray mealy silver-leaved leathery-leaved Fischer's 12571 calocéphala W. en. smooth-stalked পপপ Italy 1710. D co Italy 1710. D co Caucasus 1804. D co Pa. Y Candia 1739. C p.1 Hungary 1804. D co Siberia 1816. D co CLASS XIX.