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Davallia (Named after E Davall a Swiss)

(named after E. Davall, a Swiss botanist). Including Acrophorus, Humata, Leucostegia, Loxoscaphe, Microlepia, Odontoloma, Prosaptia, Saccoloma, Scyphularia, and Stenoloma. ORD. Filices. A large genus of greenhouse ferns, upwards of a hundred being described in "Synopsis Filicum." Rhizomes creeping, scaly. Involucre terminal on the veins, various in shape, united or free at the sides; the apex always free. Capsules stalked. Sori intra- or sub-marginal, globose or elongated either laterally or vertically. For general culture, see Ferns.

D. affinis (related).* rhiz. thick, densely scaly. sti. 4in. to 9in. long, erect. fronds 1ft. to 2ft. long, 6in. to 12in. broad, deltoid-lanceolate, trior quadripinnate; lower pinnules with oblong-rhomboidal lobes, the segments of which are deeply inciso-pinnatifid. Ceylon, &c. (H. S. F. 1, 52.) D. alata (winged). A synonym of D. Emersoni.

D. alpina (alpine). rhiz. creeping, scaly. sti. 2in. to 4in. long. fronds 2in. to 3in. long, 1in. to 1 1/2in. broad, deltoid in outline; upper segments of barren frond slightly dentate, blunt at the apex of the fertile fronds, distant, deeply, and sharply toothed; the lower ones cut nearly to the rachis with sharply-toothed lobes. sori placed in the teeth on both sides. Java, Borneo.

D. angustata (narrow). rhiz. creeping, scaly. fronds sub-sessile 3in. to 8in. long, 1/4in. to 5/8in. broad, linear, slightly crenate at the margin; barren ones entire. sori in a row along the edges. Malay Peninsula. D. bullata (blistered-leaved). rhiz. creeping, stout, densely fibrillose. sti. strong, erect, 3in. to 4in. long. fronds 8in. to 12in. long, 4in. to 8in. broad, deltoid, quadripinnatifid; pinnules of the lower pinnae lanceolate, 2in. to 3in. long, with deeply inciso-pinnatifid oblong-rhomboidal segments. sori deeply half cup-shaped. East Indies, &c. (H. S. F. 1, 50 B.) D. calvescens (naked). A synonym of D. marginalis.

D. canariensis (Canaries).* Hare's-foot Fern. rhiz. creeping, densely scaly. sti. strong, erect, 4in. to 6in. long. fronds 1ft to 1 1/2ft. long, 9in. to 12in. broad, deltoid, quadripinnatifid; pinnules of the lower pinnae lanceolate - deltoid, 2in. to 3in. long, more than 1in. broad, with ovate-rhomboidal deeply inciso-pinnatifid segments. sori occupying a whole ultimate division. Spain, &c. This fern derives its popular name from the peculiar form of the rootstock, which curves over the side of the pot in which it grows, and, being covered with close brown hair, it very much resembles a hare's foot. (H. S. F. 1, 56 A.) D. chaerophylla (Chervil-leaved). rhiz. wide-creeping, scaly. sti. 4in. to 6in. long, naked. fronds 9in. to 15in. long, 4in. to 8in. broad, lanceolate deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid; lowest pinnules 1in. to 2in. long, 1in. broad, cut into deeply pinnatifid segments; ultimate lobes narrow and acute in the fertile, rather broader in the barren, frond. sori copious. North India. SYN. D. pulchra. (H. S. F. 1, 51 A.) D. disseeta (dissected).* rhiz. stout, wide scandent, densely scaly. sti. 6in. long, naked. fronds 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. long, deltoid, quadripinnatifid; pinnae stalked, lanceolate, the lowest deltoid, 5in. to 6in. long; pinnules close, deltoid, sub-sessile; segments oblong, deeply pinnatifid. sori minute, oblong. Java, 1855. (G. C. 1855, 469.) D. divaricata (divaricate). rhiz. creeping, stout, scaly. sti. firm, erect, 6in. to 12in. long. fronds 2ft. to 3ft. long, tripinnatifid; lower pinnae often 12in. long by 6in. broad; segments deltoid, or cut down to the rachis in the lower part. sori half cup-shaped. Malay Archipelago. SYN. D. polyantha. (H. S. F. 1, 59 A.) D. dubia (doubtful). fronds ample, deltoid, quadripinnatifid; pinnae oblong-lanceolate, 1ft. or more long, 2in. to 4in. broad; pinnules close, lanceolate, stalked, with close oblong sessile segments, the lower pinnatifid, upper entire. sori minute, one to each final lobe. Australia. (H. S. F. 1, 24 c.) D. elegans (elegant).* rhiz. stout, creeping, densely fibrous. sti. firm, erect, 4in. to 8in. long. fronds 1ft. to 2ft. long, 9in. to 15in. broad, deltoid, tripinnatifid; pinnules of the lower pinnae 2in. to 3in. long, 1in. broad, deltoid-lanceolate, cut down to the rachis on the lower part with oblong-deltoid segments, which are slightly toothed. sori several to a segment, marginal. Tropics of Old World.

D. e. elata (tall) is a form with larger and less leathery fronds, the segments of which are narrower, more deeply and sharply cut. (H. S. F. 1, 55 A.) D. e. flaccida (feeble) is a tender, finely-cut form. D. Emersoni (Emerson's). fronds tufted, sessile, 6in. to 12in. long, nearly 1in. broad at the widest part, linear-lanceolate, cut into numerous linear-oblong lobes. sori one to six, placed around the edge of the lobes. Madras. SYN. D. alata.

D. fijensis (Fiji).* rhiz. creeping, stout, densely fibrillose. sti. 6in. to 9in. long, erect, strong. fronds 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. long, 6in. to 12in. broad, deltoid, quadripinnatifid; pinnules of the lower pinnae deltoid-lanceolate; the lobes of the segment cut down nearly to the rachis into linear divisions. sori half cylindrical. Fiji, 1879.

D. firma (firm). A synonym of D. hirta.

D. fumarioides (Fumaria-like). rhiz. creeping, stout, fibrillose. sti., including rachis, 4ft. long, scandent, spinoso-flexuose. fronds tripinnatifid; lower pinnae 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. long, 4in. to 6in. broad; segments small, deeply cut; lobes usually only one-veined. sori cup-shaped, as broad as the segment. West Indies.

D. gibberosa (swollen-rooted). sti. tufted, 6in. to 12in. long, erect, naked. fronds 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. long, 6in. to 9in. broad, lanceolate-deltoid, quadripinnatifid; pinnules of lower pinnae lanceolate-deltoid, 2in. to 3in. long, 1in. broad; segments cut down to the rachis. sori terminal in the ultimate divisions. Polynesian Islands, 1825.

D. Griffithiana (Griffith's). rhiz. wide-creeping, densely scaly. sti. erect, wiry, elongated. fronds deltoid, with an attenuated apex, 9in. to 12in. long, 4in. to 8in. broad; pinnae acuminate; pinnules oblong-lanceolate, obtuse; lobes short and blunt. sori large, cup-shaped, sub-marginal. Assam. (H. S. F. 1, 49 B.) D. hemiptera (half-winged). A synonym of D. repens.

D. heterophylla (variable-leaved). rhiz. creeping, scaly. fronds shortly stalked, 3in. to 6in. long, 1in. broad, glabrous; barren one ovate-lanceolate, entire, or slightly lobed at the base; fertile one narrower, and deeply sinuato-pinnatifid. Malayan Peninsula.

D. hirta (hairy).* sti. strong, 1ft. to 2ft. long. fronds 3ft. to 6ft. long, 1ft. to 2ft. broad, deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid; lower pinnae 6in. to 12in. long, 3in. to 4in. broad, ovate-lanceolate, pinnules lanceolate, cut down to the rachis into oblong, broadly toothed lobes. sori two to twenty to a segment. North India, &c. SYNS. D. firma and D. scaberula. D. immersa (immersed). rhiz. creeping, stout, fibrillose. sti. 4in. to 8in. long, strong, erect. fronds 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. long, 6in. to 9in. broad, deltoid, tripinnate; lowest pinnules lanceolate, deltoid, 2in. to 3in. long, 1in. broad, with broad segments. sori large, one to six to a segment. Hindostan, &c.

D. khasyiana (Khasyan). A synonym of D. strigosa.

D. lonchitidea (Lonchitis-like). A synonym of D. platyphylla. D. marginalis (marginal). rhiz. creeping, villous. sti. 1ft. to 2ft. long, erect, strong. fronds 1 1/2ft. to 2ft. long, 9in. to 15in. broad, pinnate; pinnae 4in. to 8in. long, about 1in. broad, linear, cut down into bluntish oblong lobes. sori two to eight to a lobe, sub-marginal. Ceylon. SYNS. D. calvescens, D. scabra, and D. villosa. (H. S. F. 1, 48 B.) D. Mariesii (Maries).* A pretty dwarf evergreen species, with slender creeping rhizomes. It is well suited for the cool green-house. In general aspect, much like D. bullata. Japan, 1879.

D. Mooreana (Moore's). A synonym of D. pallida.

D. Novae-Zelandiae (New Zealand). rhiz. creeping, scaly. sti. 4in. to 8in. long, firm, erect. fronds 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. long, 4in. to 8in. broad, deltoid, tripinnate; lower pinnules deltoid-lanceolate, cut down to the rachis, except toward the apex, into narrow, deeply pinnatifid segments. sori numerous. New Zealand. SYN. Acrophorus hispidus.

D. pallida (pale).* rhiz. as thick as a finger, wide-creeping, scaly. sti. 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. long, naked. fronds 2ft. to 3ft. long, sub-deltoid, quadripinnatifid; pinnae deltoid, lowest largest, 6in. to 8in. broad; pinnules and tertiary segments deltoid, stalked; ultimate lobes obovate, cuneate, blunt, one to one-and-a-half lines broad; involucres marginal, funnel-shaped. Borneo, 1869. SYN. D. Mooreana. next page. (G. C. 1869, 964.) D. parvula (little). rhiz. wide-creeping, scaly. sti. 1in. to 2in. long, or fronds sub-sessile, 1/2in. to 3/4in. long by 1/2in. broad, deltoid in outline, bi- or tripinnate, with all the divisions of the frond almost filiform. sori placed at the sinuses of the ultimate forks. Borneo, 1868. D. pectinata (combed). rhiz. creeping, scaly. sti. 2in. to 4in. long, erect, scaly. fronds 4in. to 8in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad, ovate-lanceolate, deeply cut into long parallel. linear-oblong, entire, or inciso-pinnatifid pinnae. sori obliquely placed in two sub-marginal rows. Tropical Polynesian Islands. D. pedata (pedate). rhiz. creeping, scaly. sti. 2in. to 4in. long, rather scaly. fronds 2in. to 4in. long, 1 1/2in. to 2in. broad at the base, deltoid in outline, deeply cut; upper segments linear-oblong, acute, inciso-dentate, lower pair broader. sori placed in rows on the teeth on both sides of the lobes. Tropical Asia, &c.(H. S. F. 1, 45.).

D. pentaphylla (five-leaved).* rhiz. creeping, stout, densely fibrillose. sti. erect, strong, 2in. to 4in. long. fronds with a terminal segment, and two to three pairs of lateral pinnae; terminal segments of fertile fronds linear, 4in. to 6in. long, 1/2in. broad, those of the barren fronds broader and shorter. sori in two rows along the slightly toothed margins. Java, &c. D. pinnata (pinnate). rhiz. creeping, fibrillose. sti. strong, erect, 6in. to 12in. long. fronds 9in. to 15in. long, 4in. to 8in. broad, with distant linear, slightly toothed pinnae, 6in. long, 1/4in. to 3/8in. broad. sori one to each tooth, small. Malayan Peninsula. D. serrata, D. gracilis, and D. Luzonica are either identical with this species, or else unimportant forms. (H. S. F. 1, 60.) D. platyphylla (broad-leaved).* rhiz. creeping, stout. sti. 2in. to 3ft. long, firm, erect. fronds 3ft. to 4ft. long, tripinnatifid; lower pinnae 1ft. to 1 1/4ft. long, 6in. to 9in. broad, lanceolate, with distant linear-lanceolate pinnules, which are deeply cut into broad, bluntish toothed lobes. sori two to twelve to a segment. East Indies. SYN. D. lonchitidea. (H. S. F. 1, 46 B.) D. polyantha (many-fruited). A synonym of D. divaricata. D. pulchra (fair). A synonym of D. chaerophylla.

D. pyxidata (Box-like).* rhiz. stout, creeping, densely scaly. sti. strong, erect, 4in. to 6in. long. fronds 9in. to 18in. long, 6in. to 9in. broad, deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid; pinnules of the lower pinnae lanceolate, 2in. to 3in. long, 1in. broad, with deltoid or oblong segments. sori deeply half cup-shaped in the teeth. New South Wales, 1808. (H. S. F. 1, 55 c.) D. repens (creeping).* rhiz. wide-creeping, climbing. fronds simply pinnate, 8in. to 18in. long, 1/2in. to 1 1/2in. broad; pinnae 1/4in. to 1/2in. long, about half as broad as deep. sori marginal, large. Borneo, &c., 1869. SYNS. D. hemiptera, Odontoloma repens.

D. scaberula (slightly rough). A synonym of D. hirta. D. scabra (rough). A synonym of D. marginalis.

D. solida (solid).* rhiz. stout, densely scaly. sti. strong, erect, 4in. to 6in. long. fronds 1ft. to 2ft. long, 1ft. to 1 1/4ft. broad, deltoid, tripinnatifid; segments ovate-rhomboidal, deeply toothed, narrower and sharper in fertile fronds. sori nearly or quite marginal. Isle of Luzon, 1844. (H. S. F. 1, 42.) D. ornata is a form with broad, slightly cut segments. D. strigosa (strigose). rhiz. stout, creeping, pubescent. sti. erect, strong, 6in. to 12in. long, pubescent. fronds 1ft. to 3ft. long, 6in. to 12in. broad, lanceolate, bipinnatifid; lower pinnae 4in to 8in. long, about 1in. broad, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, deeply cut into unequal-sided, bluntly-toothed, oblong, rhomboidal pinnules. sori two to twelve to a pinnule, small. Tropical Asia. SYN. D. khasyiana. (H. S. F. 1, 47.) D. s. rhomboidea (rhomboidal). Similar in texture and hairiness to type, but somewhat larger in all its parts; lower pinnules lanceolate-deltoid, 1 1/2in. long, cut down nearly to the rachis into oblong lobes. D. tenuifolia (slender-leaved).* rhiz. stout, creeping, densely fibrillose. sti, strong, erect, 6in. to 12in. long. fronds 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. long, 6in. to 9in. broad, ovate, quadripinnatifid; lower pinnae ovate-lanceolate, 4in. to 6in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad; pinnules lanceolate, their segments cut down to the rachis below with toothed cuneate lobes. sori terminal, usually solitary. Tropical Asia.

D. Tycrmanni (Tyermann's).* rhiz. wide-creeping, densely scaly; scales linear, white. sti. 2in. to 3in. long, naked, reddish. fronds 4in. to 6in. long, deltoid; three to four-pinnatifid; lower pinnae largest, stalked, deltoid, unequal-sided; lowest pinnules stalked, cuneate-oblong or deltoid, with falcate-deltoid entire upper, and cuneate-oblong pinnatifid lower, segments. sori at the base of ultimate lobes, three-quarters of a line broad. West Coast of Africa, 1871. (G. C. 1871, 870.) D. villosa (hairy). A synonym of D. marginalis.