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Summer (I glabrous radical ones)

i. glabrous; radical ones narrow-oblanceolate, toothed; cauline ones amplexicaul, broadly linear. Stem 1ft. to 2ft. high, loosely branched above. South Africa, 1882. A pretty, half-hardy perennial. (B. M. 6713) S. diversifolius pinnatifidus (variable-leaved, pinnatifid). fl.-heads purple, discoid; peduncles elongated, simple or branched, scaly. June. l. lanceolate-oblong, acute or acuminate, deeply pinnatifid; lobes in many pairs, toothed or incised, the upper-most two or three pairs confluent in a pinnatifid, terminal lobe. Stem erect, leafy below. h. 2ft. South Africa. Half-hardy perennial. SYN. Brachyrhynchos albicaulis. S. Doria (Doria).* fl.-heads yellow; accessory involucral scales linear-subulate; ray flores five or six; corymbs compound, loosely sub-paniculate. August. l. toothed, rather thick, sub-glaucescent; radical ones petiolate, oval-oblong; cauline ones slightly amplexicaul, sub-decurrent, oblong-lanceolate. Stems erect, striated, glabrous. h. 4ft. South Europe, 1570. Hardy perennial. (J. F. A. 185.) S. Doronicum (Leopard's Bane).* fl.-heads yellow, 2in. in diameter, solitary or few; involucre bracteate, campanulate, the scales lanceolate, acuminate; ray flores twelve to twenty-five, flat; achenes glabrous, striated. Summer. l. rather thick, toothed; radical ones lanceolate, elliptic, or ovate-cordate, on short or long petioles, sub-elliptic or obtuse. h. 1ft. South Europe, 1705. Hardy perennial. (J. F. A. v. 45.) S. D. hosmariensis (Beni-Hosmar). fl.-heads rich yellow, on a scape 3in. to 5in. high. l., radical ones 1in. to 1 1/2in. long, ovate elliptic-ovate, or ovate-cordate, acute or obtuse, irregularly toothed, dark green, rugose, and glabrous above, greenish-white beneath; cauline ones few, narrow. Beni-Hosmar, Morocco, 1874. A pretty rockwork plant. (B. M. 6101.) S. elaeagnifolius (Elaeagnus-leaved). fl.-heads yellow, 1/3in. long, campanulate, rayless; panicle terminal, stout, branched, buffwoolly. l. 1/2 in. to 1in. long, on stout petioles, obovate or lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, entire; branches buff-tomentose. h. 6ft. to 8ft. New Zealand. Greenhouse shrub.

S. elegans (elegant).* fl.-heads radiate, showy, on long, scaly pedicels; involucre calycled with many ciliated, black-tipped bracteoles; ray florets purple; disk yellow. l. 1 1/2in. to 3in. long, ear clasping at base, petioled, extremely varied in shape and degree of incision. Stems erect, 1ft. to 2ft. high, or diffuse South Africa. A viscous-pubescent, half-hardy annual or biennial. A variety with double flowers is the well-known "American Groundsel" of our gardens.

S.e. erectus (erect). fl.-heads, involucral scales glabrous. l. frequently pinnate or bipinnatipartite. Stem erect, slender. (B. M. 238, under name of S. elegans.) S. fulgens (brilliant). fl.-heads bright orange-vermilion, erect or inclined, 1 1/2in. long; involucre terete, the leaflets eight to ten, acute; florets slender, tubular, with lienar-oblong lobes; peduncles 4in. to 8in. long, erect, loosely clothed with succulent bracts. May. l. succulent, 4in. to 6in. long, on short, broad petioles, obovate-oblong, sub-acute, remotely serrated, smooth. Stems branched, terete. h. 2ft. to 3ft. Natal, 1866. A greenhouse, succulent sub-shrub, covered with pale green, glaucous bloom. (B. M. 5590, under name of Kleinia fulgens.) S. Ghiesbreghtii (Ghiesbreght's). A synonym of S. grandifolius. S. glastifolius (wood-leaved). fl.-heads purple, radiate; involucre amply calycled with subulate bracteoles; panicle many-headed, loosely corymbose. June. l. oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1in. to 3in. long, acute, coarsely and unequally toothed, halfamplexicaul, the lower ones more or less decurrent. Stems erect, branching. h. 4ft. South Africa, 1826. Greenhouse subshrub. (B. R. 1342, under name of S. lilacinus.) S. grandiflorus (large-flowered). fl.-heads in a loosely corymbose panicle; involucre amply calycled with many subulate, spreading bracteoles; ray florets purple; disk yellow. August. l., cauline ones sessile, half-amplexicaul, 3in. to 6in. long, pinnatipartite; lobes several on each side, linear, acuminate. Stems 4ft. to 5ft. high, naked at top. South Africa, 1774. Greenhouse perennial. (B. R. 901, under name of S. venustus.) S. grandifolius (large-leaved). fl.-heads yellow, in a terminal corymb. l. deep green, about 1ft. long, coarsely toothed or lobed. Stems deep purple, curiously spotted or warted. h. 3ft. to 4ft. Mexico. A half-hardy shrub, useful for massing or isolating on the lawn as a foliage plant. SYN. S. Ghiesbreghtii. (R. G. 296.) S. Haworthii (Haworth's). fl.-heads orange-yellow, solitary, erect, 1 1/4in. long, cylindric, discoid; involucral scales appressed, shorter than the florets; peduncle terminal, 2in. long. July. l. 1in. to 2in. long, cylindric or ellipsoid, acute, narrowed into short petioles. Stem erect; branches cylindric. South Africa, 1873. A small, succulent, greenhouse under-shrub, clothed with soft, snow-white wool. (B. M. 6063.) S. incanus (hoary). fl-heads yellow, disposed in a simple, somewhat crowded corymb; involucre about half as long as the florets; calyces few. August. l. bright silvery; lower ones obovate, with incised lobes, the upper ones overlapping; upper leaves oblong, with separate, linear leaflets. Stems tufted. h. 3in. to 6in. Alps. A pretty and compact, hardy perennial, altogether white with adpressed hairs.

S. Kaempferi aureo-maculata (Kaempfer's gold-spotted). A synonym of Ligularia Kaempferi aureo-maculata.

S. laciniatus (torn). "l. slender, pale green, finely cut into long, narrow lobes, drooping gracefully from the upper part of the slender, half-woody stems. This half-hardy sub-shrub is one of the most elegant of all foliage plants. It should not be allowed to flower" ("Thompson's Gardeners' Assistant").

S. Lagopus (hare's foot). fl.-heads bright yellow, radiate, 1/2in. to 1in. in diameter, on slender pedicels; pappus hairs white; scape 2in. to 6in. high, branched above, two to eight-headed. Summer. l. 1in. to 4in. long, on short, stout, villous petioles, broadly cordate-oblong, rounded at the tip, white-woolly beneath, wrinkled and covered with bristles above. Crown of the root loaded with matted hairs. New Zealand, 1882. Hardy, perennial, rockwork plant.

S. macroglossus (large-tongued).* Cape Ivy. fl.-heads on long, axillary peduncles; ray florets eight to twelve, pale yellow, forming a limb about 3in. across, multiseriate. Summer. l. petiolate, hastate, with acuminate basal lobes, or cordate, acute or acuminate, entire, or with one or two broad teeth or lobules on each side. Stems smooth and glossy. South Africa, 1875. A greenhouse, evergreen, soft-wooded climber, with Ivy-like leaves; it is well suited for training to a rafter. (B. M. 6149; F. d. S. 2188; G. C. n. s., fii. p. 749.) S. mikanioides (Mikania-like).* German Ivy. fl.-heads yellow, discoid; involucre sparingly calycled, of eight or nine narrow scales; corymb generally much-branched. December. l. somewhat fleshy, petiolate sharply five to seven-angled or lobed, hastate or cordate at base, the lobes deltoid or obsolete, with broad, shallow interspaces; petioles 1in. to 1 1/2in. long. h. several feet. South Africa, 1855. A much-branched, climbing, green-house sub-shrub, forming an admirable window creeper. SYN. Mikania senecioides (of gardens).

S. multibracteatus (many-bracted). fl.-heads sub-corymbose, on very long, copiously scaly pedicels; involucre of many dark-tipped, glabrous scales, amply calycled with many imbricating bracts; ray florets purple; disk yellow.