The Asterisks
(*) indicate plants that are especially good or distinct. TABEBUIA (said to be the native name in Brazil). ORD. Bignoniaceae. A genus embracing nearly sixty species of stove, glabrous, pubescent, or villous, erect trees or shrubs, natives of tropical America. Flowers often ample, racemose or cymose; calyx tubular, at first closed, afterwards variously cut at apex; corolla tube elongated, straight or scarcely incurved; limb spreading, sub-bilabiate, of five rounded, nearly equal lobes; stamens four, didynamous. Capsules oblong or elongated, subterete. Leaves opposite or slightly scattered, simple (one-foliolate?), trifoliolate, or often digitately five to seven-foliolate; leaflets petiolulate, entire or toothed. Few of the species are in cultivation. They require precisely similar treatment to that recommended for Tecoma (under which these plants are sometimes included). T. aesculifolia (Horse Chestnut-leaved). fl., corolla orange-coloured, sub-campanulate, the three lower lobes marked with yellow spots; panicle terminal, sub-corymbose. June. L. digitate; leaflets seven, obovate-oblong, shortly acuminate, narrowed at base, membranous, pubescent above, canescent-tomentose beneath. Branchlets pubescent. h. 20ft. Mexico. Tree. SYN. Bignonia aesculifolia.
T. chrysantha (golden-flowered). This is the correct name of the plant described in this work as Bignonia chrysantha. SYN. Tecoma chrysantha. T. leucoxyla (white-wooded). This is the correct name of the plant described in this work as Bignonia pallida. SYN. Bignonia leucoxyla (of Velloso). T. serratifolia (serrate-leaved). fl., corolla yellow, glabrous, 2in. to 2 1/2in. long, narrowly infundibular; corymbs contracted. l. chartaceous, devoid of scales; leaflets five, 3in. to 5in. long, oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, sub-entire. h.20ft. West Indies, 1822. Tree. SYN. Tecoma serratifolia.
T. spectabilis (showy).* This is the correct name of the plant described in this work as Bignonia spectabilis. SYN. Tecoma spectabilis (F. d. S. 948). TABERNAEMONTANA (named in honour of James Theodore Tabernaemontanus, of Heidelberg, a celebrated physician and botanist, who died in 1590). SYNS. Pandaca, Reichardia (of Dennstaedt). Including Conopharyngia. ORD. Apocynaceae. A genus comprising about 110 species of stove, evergreen, often glabrous trees or shrubs, broadly dispersed over tropical regions. Flowers white or yellowish; calyx usually small, five-lobed or five parted; corolla salver-shaped, the throat not scaly, the lobes contorted; anthers sagittate, very acute; cymes scarcely branched. Berries or follicles two, globose, oblong, ovoid, or recurved-reniform, smooth or three ribbed. Leaves opposite, slender or coriaceous, penniveined. The species, a select few of which are here described, are interesting plants. T. utilis (a species probably not in cultivation), when tapped, yields a copious supply of thick, sweet milk, resembling that of the cow in appearance, but in substance rather sticky owing to the presence of caoutchouc. A mixture of loam, sand, and peat, is the most suitable soil for Tabernaemontanas. Young plants are obtainable by means of cuttings, inserted in sand, under a glass, in moist heat. Except where otherwise indicated, all the under-mentioned species are shrubs, having white flowers.
T. Amsonia (Amsonia). A synonym of Amsonia Tabernaemontana. T. amygdalifolia (Almond-leaved). fl. highly odorous; corolla segments obovate, undulated nearly equal to the tube; cymes dichotomous, one-third to half the length of the leaves. July. l. oval-lanceolate or obovate-oblong, acute at both ends, 2in. to 5in. long, shining; petioles 1/4in. to 1/2in. long. h. 6ft. South America, 1780. (B.R. 338.) T. Barteri (Barter's).* fl. 1in. long; corolla tube slightly dilated at base and apex, the segments oblong-obovate, obtuse, rather shorter than the tube; peduncles dichotomously branched, few-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Summer. l. oblong, attenuated at both ends, the upper ones 2in. to 3in. long, in unequal whorls; petioles dilated and slightly connate at base. Branches pale. h. 6ft. Western tropical Africa, 1870. (B. M. 5859.) T. coronaria (crowned).* Adam's Apple; East Indian Rose Bay. fl. odorous at night; corolla tube 3/4in. long, the segments oblong, obtuse, rather longer than the tube; peduncles in pairs from the forks of the branches, erect, dichotomous, four to six-flowered. July. l. opposite, unequal, elliptic-oblong, acute at base, obtuse and acuminate at apex, 3in. to 4in. long, membranous. Branches dichotomous. h. 4ft. Native country unknown; cultivated throughout India. 1770. (B. R. 1064; L. B. C. 406.) There is a double-flowered form, flore-pleno. (B. M. 1865, under name of Nerium coronarium.) T. densiflora (dense-flowered). A synonym of Rauwolfia densiflora. T. dichotoma (dichotomous). fl. slightly odorous, 1in. long; corolla segments slightly exceeding the tube; cymes terminal, dichotomously branched, many-flowered, nearly equalling the leaves; peduncles naked, 3in. to 6in. long. September. l. oblong, acute at base, obtuse at apex, 2 1/2in. to 5in. long; petioles six to ten lines long, embraced by the sheath-like stipules. Branches terete. h. 6ft. India, 1840. (B. R. 1841, 53.) SYN. Cerbera dichotoma (L. B. C. 1516).
T. grandiflora (large-flowered). fl. yellow, inodorous; calyx lobes 2/3in. long, leafy, gland-bearing towards the base; corolla tube fourteen lines long, the lobes obovate, very obtuse, shorter; peduncles terminal, twice-forked, few-flowered. Summer. l. oval or elliptic-obovate, acute at base, long and acutely cuspidate at apex, 2in. to 4in. long, one in each pair smaller, glabrous. Branchlets dichotomous. h. 6ft. British Guiana and Venezuela, 1823. (B. M. 5226.) T. gratissima (very sweet-scented). A synonym of T. recurva. T. laurifolia (Laurel-leaved). fl. yellow; corolla lobes linear oblong, shorter than the tube; cymes contracted; peduncle about as long as the petioles. May. l. oval or oval-oblong, 4in. to 8in. long, blunt at both ends. h. 10ft. West Indies, 1768. Stove shrub. (B. R. 716) T. longiflora (long-flowered). fl., corolla tube very long, slightly swollen below the middle; peduncles lax, about three-flowered. Summer. l. oblong-elliptic, abruptly acuminate, acute at base; petioles dilated at base. Sierra Leone, 1849. Tree. (B. M. 4484; F. d. S. 534.) T. longifolia (long-leaved). fl. 2/3in. long; corolla lobes obovate-oblong, reflexed, equalling the tube; cymes axillary, dichotomous, many-flowered, much shorter than the leaves; peduncles thick. July. l. sub-sessile, oblong, acuminate, long-narrowed at base, 6in. to 10in. long, 1 1/2in. to 2 1/2in. broad, membranous. h. 6ft. British Guiana, 1849.
T. recurva (recurved). fl. fragrant; corolla tube glabrous, the throat fleshy, the segments eight to nine lines long, obtuse; cymes twin in the forks of the branches, spreading, recurved, much shorter than the leaves, many-flowered. June. l. broadly lanceolate, acute at base, obtuse and acuminate at apex, 4in. long; petioles four to six lines long. Branches terete. h. 6ft. Chittagong and Tenasserim, 1824. SYN. T. gratissima (B. R. 1084).
T. Wallichiana (Wallich's). fl. on pedicels twice as long as the calyx; corolla tube four to five lines long, the lobes narrow, falcate, rather obtuse; peduncles twin in the forks of the branches, spreading-recurved, dichotomous, three to five-flowered. Summer. l. broadly lanceolate, very shortly narrowed into the petioles, obtuse and acuminate at apex, 3in. to 4in. long; petioles very short, channelled. h. 2ft. to 3ft. Sumatra, 1873. TACCA (the Malay name). SYN. Ataccia. ORD. Taccaceae. A genus comprising about nine species of stove, perennial herbs; three are natives of tropical America, and the rest inhabit various tropical regions. Berry (? always) indehiscent. Other characteristics those of the order (which see). The species best known to cultivators are here described. The tubers of T. pinnatifida contain a great deal of starch, known as South Sea Arrowroot, and largely employed as an article of diet throughout the tropics. A compost of loam, peat, and sand, is most suitable for the culture of these plants. They must be very sparingly watered while in a dormant state. Propagation may be effected by division of the roots.
T. artocarpifolia (Artocarpus-leaved). fl. very numerous, on pedicels 1in. to 3in. long, the sterile, pendulous ones filiform; perianth brown at base, the rest green, glabrous, the segments broadly ovate; involucre of six or seven leaves; scape 5ft. to 6ft. high. May. l. about three, 2ft. to 3ft. in diameter, trisected; segments stalked, pinnatifid; petioles 2ft. long, stout, erect. Root tuberous. Madagascar, &c., 1872. (B. M. 6124.) T. aspera (rough). A synonym of T. integrifolia.
T. cristata (crested). fl. dull purplish-brown, numerous, in a nodding, lateral umbel; involucre of four leaves, the lower ones smaller, sessile, the two upper large, flat, erect, purple in colour. Summer. l. lanceolate-oblong, with long, channeled cylindrical petioles. h. 1 1/2ft. to 2ft. Malaya, 1812. (B. M. 4589). SYN. Ataccia cristata (F. d. S. 860-1; F. M. 388; L. J. F. 186-7; R. H. 1866, 51).
T. integrifolia (entire-leaved).* fl. four to eleven, long-pedicellate, at first sub-erect, at length nodding; perianth green, variegated with purple and yellow; spathes ovate, twisted; scapes axillary, solitary. June. l. shining-green, recurved, oblong, acuminate, 8in. to 16in. long. Stem none or very short. Chittagong, 1810. (B. M. 1488.) SYN. T. aspera. T. laevis (smooth). fl. six to twelve, umbellate; perianth greenish-violet, with a cup-like, sessile tube; involucre four-leaved; scapes axillary, solitary, shorter than the petioles. July. l. oblong, acuminate, glabrous, about 1ft. long. Stem none. Silhet, Khasya, Assam, Birma, &c., 1820. T. pinnatifida (pinnatifid).* Otaheite Salap-plant; South Sea Arrowroot-plant. fl. in a dense umbel, subtended by several leafy bracts; perianth purplish, funnel-shaped, with six sub-equal segments. June. fr. somewhat pear-shaped, with prominent ribs. l. long-petiolate, large, three-parted, the forked divisions pinnatifid down to a narrow wing, with irregular, ovate, acute segments. Stem none. Rhizome tuberous. East Indies and Society Islands, 1793. See Fig. 1. (L. B. C. 692; R. G. 582.) TACCACEAE. A small natural order of perennial herbs, with tuberous or creeping rhizomes, inhabiting tropical regions and China. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite, densely umbellate at the apex of an erect, leafless scape; perianth often brown, lurid, or green above, above the ovary broadly urceolate or globose-campanulate, the tube short and broad; lobes six, biseriate, sub-equal or the inner ones broader, all connivent in a globe or the outer ones (or all) spreading; stamens six; filaments very short; anthers two-celled; ovary inferior; style short, columnar; outer bracts herbaceous or coloured; inner ones long, filiform. Fruit globose, ovoid, turbinate, or elongated, often triquetrous or six-ribbed, baccate, indehiscent or rarely at length three-valved. Leaves radical, large, petiolate, sometimes undivided and entire, occasionally variously lobed and dissected. The order consists of two genera-Schizocapsa and Tacca-and includes only about ten species. TACCARUM (name adapted from Tacca, from the resemblance to that genus). SYNS. Endera, Lysistigma. ORD. Aroideae (Araceae). A small genus (three or four species) of tall, stove, tuberous, Brazilian herbs. Flowers monoecious; spathe erect, the tube short and convolute, the blade gaping or explanate, oblong, acute;spadix in appendiculate, shorter than the spathe, shortly stipitate, loose-flowered, the male inflorescence ovoid or elongated longer than the petioles. Leaves long-petiolate, broadly hastate-ovate, bipinnatifid; pinnae undulated. Two of the species have been introduced. They are closely allied to Staurostigma (which see for culture).
T. peregrinum (foreign). fl., spathe olive-green, ovate, acuminate, slightly exceeding the spadix; spadix sub-cylindrical, attenuated from the base to the apex, clothed throughout with flowers, the male and female inflorescences of equal length. l. solitary, cotemporary with the flowers, large, tripartite, pinnatifidly compound; petioles long, terete, spotted, 3ft. high. Tuber sub-hemispherical. 1873. SYNS. Endera conophalloidea (R. G. 732), Lysistigma peregrinum.
T. Warmingianum (Dr. Warming's) fl., spathe light copperytinted brown, 1 1/4ft. long convolute below, open above; spadix shorter than the spathe; ovaries green, surrounded by four to six fleshy, dirty-brown staminodia; stamens of male flowers united into a thick, fleshy, round-topped, pinkish column; scape 8in. long. October to January. l. solitary, bright green, with a spread of 2ft. to 2 1/2ft., having three principal bipinnatifid divisions; petiole 3ft. high, stout, light green, marked with numerous white lines. 1882. (G. C. n. s., xvi., p. 661; R. G. 1124.) TACHIADENUS (from Tachia, a genus of the same order, and aden, a gland; the ovary is surrounded by a ring of glands, as in Tachia). ORD. Gentianeae. A genus including five species of stove herbs or sub-shrubs, endemic in Madagascar. Flowers pink or white, sometimes violet with a white tube, large, few in a terminal cyme, or solitary; calyx tubular, multi-glandular within, five-cleft at apex, five-keeled or five-winged; corolla salver-shaped or funnel-like, with a long tube and five spreading, twisted lobes; stamens five. Leaves sessile or stalked, often three-nerved. Only one species has been introduced. It thrives in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat, and requires to be kept rather dry in winter. Propagated by cuttings, inserted in sand, under a hand glass, in heat.
T. carinatus (keeled).* fl., calyx 2/3in. long, the obverse wings half-lanceolate, the lobes linear; corolla tube white, 2in. long, swollen at apex, the lobes violet, rounded, obtuse, less than 1in. Long; cyme terminal, twice dichotomous. October. l. oval, sessile, three-nerved. Stem suffruticose, tetragonal. 1858. (B. M. 5094.) TACSONIA (from Tacso, the Peruvian name of one of the species). Passion Flower. Including Poggendorffia. ORD. Passifloreae. A genus comprising about thirty species of stove or greenhouse, often pubescent, climbing shrubs, natives of tropical America, mainly differing from Passiflora in the usually long, cylindrical tube of the calyx, which is furnished with two crowns, one at the throat, and the other near its base. Petals five, often smaller than the calyx lobes; corona entire or filamentose; stamens five. Leaves alternate. Tendrils lateral, undivided. The species known to cultivation are here described. For culture, see Passiflora.
T. Buchanani (Buchanan's). A synonym of Passiflora vitifolia. T. insignis (remarkable).* fl. solitary, axillary, 6in. to 8in. in diameter; tube 2in. long, with a depressed bulb at the base; sepals violet-crimson, linear-oblong, concave, with a green keel terminating below in a green spur 1in. long; petals darker crimson and shorter than the sepals, nearly flat; corona 1/2in. long, of one series of white threads mottled with blue; inner corona an inflexed membrane at the base of the tube above the bulb. Summer and autumn. l. 5in. to 7in. long, ovate or oblong, or lanceolate-ovate from a cordate base, obscurely lobed, toothed; petioles short, stout, glandular; stipules small, pinnatisect. Young parts, petioles, peduncles, and leaves beneath, clothed with pale or dark rusty-brown wool Peru (?). Warm green-house. (B. H. 1874, 10; F. M. n. s. 89; G. C., 1873, 1112.) SYN. Passiflora insignis (B. M. 6069; F. d. S. 2083-4.) T. manicata (collared).* fl. on peduncles which are longer than the petioles; tube inflated at base, ten-lobed; limb vivid scarlet, 4in. in diameter; corona double; the outer at the mouth of the tube, of many short, blue hairs; the inner at the top of the inflated base of the perianth; bracts elliptic-ovate, pubescent. July. l. about 4in. long, coriaceous, three-lobed to about the middle, finely serrate; lobes broadly oblong, obtuse or sub-acute, paler beneath; petioles about 1in. long, with three or four glands. Stem, leaves beneath, stipules, bracts, and perianth externally, finely pubescent. Peru, before 1850. Stove or warm greenhouse. (L. & P. F. G. i. 26.) SYN. Passiflora manicata (B. M. 6129).
T. mixta (mixed). fl. pink; tube cylindrical, 4in. to 5in. long, glabrous or pubescent; sepals and petals obtuse; bracts oblong, 1 1/2in. to 2in. long, herbaceous or coloured, coalescing in an involucre. Late summer. fr. ovoid, glabrous or pubescent, edible. l. coriaceous, orbicular, three-lobed to the middle; lobes ovate-oblong, acute, serrated; petioles 1in. to 1 1/2in. long, with six to eight sessile or stipitate glands. Stem angular. Andes. Plant glabrous or more or less pubescent. Greenhouse.
T. m. eriantha (woolly-flowered). fl. pink; bracts reticulate-nerved. Plant snowy-pubescent. (B. M. 5750, under name of T. eriantha.) T. m. quitensis (Quito). fl., involucre pubescent, cylindrical, equally or rarely unequally three-lobed at apex. l. nearly glabrous above, velvety beneath, three-lobed; lobes ovate or ovate-oblong; petiolar glands sessile. Stem velvety. (I. H. xvi. 595, under name of T. quitensis eriantha.) T. m. speciosa (showy). fl., involucre pubescent, unequally two or three-lobed at apex. l. glabrous above, pubescent beneath, three-lobed; lobes oblong-lanceolate, uncinate-serrated; petiolar glands stipitate. Stem sub-terete, glabrous.
T. mollissima (very soft).* fl. pink; tube cylindrical, 4in. to 5in. long, highly glabrous; bracts 1in. long, forming an urceolate involucre, irregularly cut at the top. August. fr. yellowish, ellipsoid, 4in. long. l. 4in. to 5in. long, 5in to 6in. broad, cordate-trilobed; lobes diverging, ovate-lanceolate, serrated; petioles 1 1/2in. long, glandular; stipules six to eight lines long, deeply serrated. Quito, 1845. Whole plant softly pubescent. Greenhouse. (B. H. vii., p. 142; B. M. 4187; B. R. xxxii. 11; F. d. S. ii. 70; P. M. B. xiii. 25.) T. Parritae (Parrita's). fl., tube long and slender; sepals five, rosy-orange, oblong-hooded, acute-pointed; petals rich orange, oblong, flat; corona consisting of an outer row of tooth-like projections, and an inner membranous fold bent downwards; stalks cylindrical, longer than the leaves. l. three-lobed, glabrous above, pilose beneath; petioles channelled above; stipules entire, subulate-acuminate. Tolima, 1882. Stove or greenhouse. (G. C. n. s., xvii., p. 225.) T. pinnatistipula (pinnate-stipuled). fl. pale rose-colour, 4in. to 6in. long; tube cylindrical, dilated at base: coronal filaments one-half shorter than the sepals and petals; bracts lin. long, serrated; peduncles 4in. long. September. fr. sub-globose, tomentose, edible. l. coriaceous, tomentose beneath, tripartite, 3in. to 5in. long, 3 1/2in. to 4in. broad; lobes lanceolate, serrated; petioles 1in. long; stipules 1in. long, pinnatisect. Chili and Peru, 1828. Greenhouse. (B. iv. 171; B. M. 4062; S. B. F. G. ser. ii. 156.) SYN. Passiflora pinnatistipula (B. R. 1536). Poggen-dorffia rosea is simply a monstrous form of this species.
T. Van-Volxemii (Van Volxem's.)* fl. scarlet, very showy; tube cylindrical, 1 1/2in. long, dilated at base, the limb 4in. to 5in. in diameter; sepals and petals linear-oblong; peduncles slender, twice as long as the leaves; bracts 1in. long, serrated. Late summer. fr. ellipsoid, edible. l. glabrous, 4in. to 5in. long and broad, tripartite; lobes lanceolate, narrowed at base; petioles 1 1/2in. long, with many glands; stipules linear. New Grenada, 1866. Stove or warm greenhouse. One of the finest species. (B. M. 5571; F. M. 289; G. C. 1866. p. 171; I. H. x. 381.) TAENITIS (from tainia, a fillet or ribbon; alluding to the linear pinnae). Including Cuspidaria, Neurodium, Paltonium, and Pteropsis. ORD. Filices. A small genus (five species) of interesting, stove Ferns, all tropical, but not very closely allied. Sori linear, but the line sometimes interrupted, central or sub-marginal. Some of the species scarcely differ from Toeniopsis [included under Vittaria] in fruit, but in all those placed here the veins anastomose. The following species have been introduced. For culture, see Ferns. T. angustifolia (narrow-fronded). fronds 1ft. to 1 1/2ft. long, 1/4in. to 1/2in. broad, narrowed very gradually to an acute point and below to the base or a short stem, flaccid; midrib distinct; veins immersed, forming two or three rows of vertical, hexagonal areolae. sori sunk in a groove, a short distance from the edge. Cuba to North Brazil, 1816. SYN. Pteropsis angustifolia.
T. blechnoides (Blechnum-like). rhiz. creeping. sti. 8in. to 12in. long, firm, naked, glossy. fronds 1ft. to 2ft. long, 8in. to 12in. broad, simply pinnate; pinnae of barren fronds two or three on each side, 6in. to 9in. long, 1in. to 2in. broad, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, cuneate at base, the edge thickened and wavy, the lower ones stalked; fertile pinnae narrower and more numerous. sori in a continuous line about midway between the edge and midrib. Malaccas and Philippines.
T. b. interrupta (interrupted). fronds, pinnae smaller than in the type. sori interrupted and much nearer the edge.
T. furcata (forked). rhiz. somewhat creeping, densely tomentose. fronds 6in. to 18in. long, once or twice dichotomously forked or sub-pinnatifid; lobes linear, erecto-patent, much acuminated, entire, 4in. to 8in. long, 1/4in. to 1/2in. broad, coriaceous, minutely scaly below. sori sub-marginal, continuous or interrupted. West Indies, &c., 1824. SYNS. Cuspidaria furcata, Pteropsis furcata.
T. lanceolata (lance-shaped). rhiz. creeping, very stout. sti. 1in. to 2in. long, firm, erect. fronds 6in. to 12in. long, 1in. to 2in. broad, gradually narrowed from the centre to both ends, the edge entire but often crisped, firm, coriaceous, with a distinct midrib; areolae immersed. sori in continuous or interrupted lines near the edge of the contracted upper third or quarter of the frond. West Indies and Guatemala, 1818. SYNS. Neurodium lanceolatum, Paltonium lanceolatum.
TAGETES (a name of mythological derivation, from Tagus, one of the Etruscan deities). Marigold. ORD. Compositae. A genus comprising about a score species of mostly hardy, erect and branched or diffuse, annual herbs, natives of the warmer parts of America. Flower-heads yellow or orange, long-pedunculate or densely corymbose; ray florets one-seriate, solitary, or rarely deficient; disk hermaphrodite; involucral bracts one-seriate; receptacle flat, often small; achenes linear, glabrous or pilose. Leaves opposite, pinnately dissected or rarely undivided and serrulated. The best-known species are here described. For culture, and further remarks respecting T. erecta and T. patula, see Marigold.
T. corymbosa (corymbose) A synonym of T. patula.
T. erecta (erect).* African Marigold. fl.-heads citron-yellow, twice the size of those of the French Marigold; involucre sub-angular; peduncles one-headed, thickened at the apex. July. l. pinnatisect; segments lanceolate, serrulated; serratures, especially those of the upper leaves, aristate. Stems and branches erect. h. 2ft. Mexico, 1596. See Fig. 2.
T. florida (flowery). A synonym of T. lucida.
T. glandulifera (gland-bearing). fl.-heads pale yellow, fascicled-corymbose; involucre cylindrical. October. l. alternate, pinnatisect; segments thirteen to seventeen, linear-sub-lanceolate, acuminate at each end, 1 1/2in. or more long. Stems and branches erect, the latter short. h. 4ft. South America, 1826. T. lucida (shining). Sweet-scented Mexican Marigold. fl.-heads yellow; involucre cylindrical. August. l. lanceolate, argutely serrated, aristate-serrated at base. Stems erect, scarcely branched. h. 1ft. Mexico and South America, 1798. Half-hardy. (A. B. R. 359; B. M. 740.) This species varies in having the lower leaves obtuse, and the upper ones acute and narrower. SYN. T. florida (S. B. F. G. ser. ii. 35). T. patula (spreading).* French Marigold. fl.-heads fuscous-golden or fulvous; involucre smooth; peduncles elongated, one-headed, nearly cylindrical. August. l. pinnatisect; segments linear-lanceolate, serrated; serratures, especially the upper ones, aristate. Stems erect; branches spreading. h. 1 1/2ft. Mexico, 1573. See Fig. 3. (B. M. 150.) SYN. T. corymbosa (B. M. 3830; S. B. F. G. 151).
T. signata (distinct). Striped Mexican Marigold. fl.-heads yellow; involucre oblong-ovate, five-angled; peduncles one-headed, scarcely thickened above. Summer. l. pinnatisect, segments six pairs, oblong-lanceolate, incised-serrated, the lower serratures aristate. Stems erect, branched. h. 1 1/2ft. Mexico.
T. s. pumila (dwarf). This is of dwarfer, more compact habit than the type. See Fig. 4. (R. H. 1863, p. 11.) T. tenuifolia (slender-leaved)*. fl.-heads yellow, unspotted; ray florets ample, nearly round; involucre obovate, smooth, shorter than the disk; achenes black. August. l. opposite or alternate, pinnatisect; segments thirteen to seventeen, linear, serrated, the serratures of the upper leaves aristate. h. 2ft. Mexico and Peru, 1797. Plant erect, slightly branched. (B. M. 2045; S. F. G. 141.) TAINIA (from tainia, a band or fillet; in allusion to the shape of the lip). SYNS. Ania, Mitopetalum. ORD. Orchideae. A small genus (six or seven species) of stove orchids, natives of the East Indies, South China, and the Malayan Archipelago. Flowers pedicellate, scattered, rather large or mediocre; sepals and petals narrow, slightly acute or long-acuminate; lip erect; column rather long; pollen masses eight; scape florid, tall, leafless, few-sheathed at base; raceme terminal, simple. Stems at length thickened into pseudo-bulbs. Only two species call for mention here. For culture, see Calanthe. T. bicornis (two-horned). fl., sepals and petals green, with a reddish tinge; lip yellow, blotched with red, the middle lobe emarginate, apiculate, not spurred, having two lamellae at base; anthers two-horned. March. l. oblong-lanceolate, fleshy, shorter than the scape. Ceylon, about 1842. SYN. Ania bicornis (B. R. xxx. 8).
T. latifolia (broad-leaved). fl. green and brown; petals slightly spreading; lip unguiculate, produced with the column in a connate, trilobed sac, the lateral lobes obtuse, the middle one acute, shorter; scape 2ft. long. l. oblong, plicate, shorter than the scape. Sylhet, 1852. SYN. Calanthe viridi-fusca (B. M. 4669).
TALAUMA (the vernacular name of the South American species). ORD. Magnoliaceae. A genus embracing about fifteen species of mostly stove, evergreen trees; three or four are natives of tropical America, and the rest inhabit tropical Asia and Japan. Flowers and leaves as in Magnolia; but the fruit differs in the fusion of its constituent carpels, and in the irregularly circular mode of splitting. The under-mentioned species are well worth cultivating on account of their beautiful and fragrant flowers. A compost of loam, peat, and sand is most suitable. Propagation may be effected by layers, or by inarching on some of the stronger-growing Magnolias. Ripened cuttings, with the leaves intact, will sometimes root if inserted in a pot of sand, under a glass, in heat.
T. Candollii (De Candolle's). fl. cream-coloured, large; petals nine to twelve, the outer one short; peduncles one-flowered, rather drooping, and, as well as the petioles of the younger leaves, clothed with rufous hairs. June and July. l. oblong, acuminate at both ends. h. 6ft. Java, 1828. (B. M. 4251; B. R. 1709).
T. C. Galeottiana (Galeotti's). fl. dull yellow, 3in. in diameter; sepals and petals narrower than in the type. l. 4in. to 7in. long, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate. (B. M. 6614.) T. Hodgsoni (Hodgson's). fl. creamy-white, large, terminal, solitary; sepals reddish-tinted outside, thick; petals six, the inner ones smaller. Winter and spring. fr. large; carpels sub-tetragonal, argutely beaked. l. ample, obovate-oblong, coriaceous, glabrous, the margins slightly sinuated. Himalayas. A medium-sized tree. (I. H. 1857, 141.) T. Plumieri (Plumier's). fl. white, large, terminal, solitary; petals ten to twelve. All the year. l. oval-oblong, glabrous, 6in. long, varying in breadth from 3in. to 5in., coriaceous. h. 12ft. West Indies, 1829. T. pumila (dwarf).* fl. cream-coloured, drooping, very fragrant at night; petals six to nine. All the year. l. elliptic, acuminate at both ends, smooth, reticulate-veined. h. 2ft. to 4ft. Amboyna and Java, 1786. The correct name of this plant is Magnolia pumila (A. B. R. 226; B. M. 977; L. B. C. 1555).