The Sawflies
(Tenthredinidae) are frequently far more hurtful than the Moths to Rose-bushes, and the number of kinds which, as larvae, feed on the leaves of Roses, either entirely or partially, is pretty large. For an account of these insects, and of the remedies to be employed, see Rose Sawflies. Several gall-flies make galls upon the young twigs and on the leaves: for an account of these, see Rose Galls. Typhlocyba Rosae, a small insect nearly related to the Frog-hopper (Aphrophora spumaria), is often plentiful in all stages on, and is hurtful to, Roses, as well as to Apple-trees. Frequently, large numbers of these insects are to be found on the lower surfaces of the leaves. They are about 1/6in. long, pale yellow or whitish, with brown feet; the front wings transparent, rarely yellow along the edges; hind wings milky white. The best remedy is said to be the removal and burning of all superfluous branches in early spring.
The flowers are often gnawed and damaged by Beetles; of these, the worst are the Rosechafer (which see), and the Bracken Clock (Phyllopertha horticola, see Fig. 385), both of which are addicted to eating out the stamens and pistils of Roses, Strawberries, fruit-trees, &c. P. horticola is peculiarly abundant in the North. It is about 1/4in. to 1/2in. long, green or blue, and pubescent, with rusty-red or bluish-black wing-cases, and a pitted thorax. Where troublesome, the insects may be shaken off the bushes on dull days, and readily captured; on fine days, they are too active to permit of this remedy. R. abyssinica (Abyssinian). fl. white; calyx and peduncles thickly downy. June. l., leaflets shortly stalked, broader towards the point than at the base; petioles very rough with unequal glands and bristles. Prickles very numerous and strong. Otherwise resembling R. sempervirens. Abyssinia. (L. R. 13.) R. acicularis (needle-prickled).* fl. pale blush, solitary, fragrant; calyx tube naked; sepals somewhat divided, hairy, longer than the tube; petals obovate, emarginate, spreading, shorter than the sepals; bracts ovate, convex. June. fr. yellowish-orange, obovate. l. dense, opaque, very glaucous; leaflets about seven, oval, convex, slightly rugose, simply serrated; stipules narrow; petioles naked or a little hairy. Branches erect, clothed with slender, straight prickles and a few bristles. h. 8ft. North temperate zone, 1805. (L. R. 8.) R. alba (white).* fl. white or delicate blush, gratefully fragrant; sepals pinnate, reflexed. June and July. fr. scarlet or blood-coloured, oblong, unarmed. l., leaflets oblong, glaucous, nearly naked above, simply serrated. Prickles nearly straight or falcate, slender or strong; bristles none. h. 4ft. to 7ft. Of garden origin, 1597. Of this plant, which Mr. Baker regards as probably a cross between R. canina and R. gallica, there are many varieties. R. alpina (alpine).* fl. pink or rose-red, solitary; sepals undivided, spreading; petals obcordate, concave; peduncles after flowering deflexed, and, as well as the calyx, hispid or smooth. June. fr. orange-red, ovate or rarely sub-globose, pendulous, more or less elongated. l., leaflets five to eleven, ovate or obovate, argutely or doubly serrated. Young stems prickly; old ones usually naked. h. 3ft. Europe, 1683. Of this species there are several varieties. R. pendulina is a form with a smooth calyx and elongated, hispid peduncles. R. pyrenaica is a form with calyx and peduncles hispid. (B. M. 6724.) R. anserinaefolia (Anserina-leaved). fl. white, in few or many-flowered corymbs, shortly pedicellate; sepals caudate-acuminate, deciduous. Summer. fr. smooth, 1/4in. in diameter. l. 1in. to 3in. long; leaflets broadly elliptic, obtuse, simply serrated, 1/3in. to 2/3in. long; petioles slender. Branches with few or many unequal, stout, compressed, hooked prickles. h. 10ft. Orient. Plant sub-scandent.
R. arvensis (field-loving). A synonym of R. repens.
R. Banksiae (Lady Banks').* fl. white and very double, nodding, numerous, small, weakly but pleasantly scented; calyx tube hemispherical; sepals entire, pointed; peduncles naked, very slender. June. l., leaflets one to five, flat, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, often waved, simply serrated, very hairy at base of middle nerve; petioles naked, rarely hairy. Branches unarmed, weak, climbing. h. 20ft. China, 1809. (B. M. 1924; B. R. 397.) R. B. lutea (yellow). A yellow-flowered variety. (B. R. 1105.) R. berberifolia (Berberis-leaved). A synonym of R. simplicifolia. R. blanda (charming).* fl. rose-coloured, one to three; calyx tube and peduncles smooth and glaucous. May and June. fr. globose. l., leaflets five to seven, oval or oblong, obtuse, pale on both sides and minutely downy or hoary beneath, serrated; stipules large. h. 1ft. to 3ft. North America. Plant nearly unarmed, or with scattered, straight, deciduous prickles. SYNS. R. fraxinifolia (B. R. 458), R. Woodsii (B. R. 976).
R. bracteata (large-bracted).* Macartney Rose. fl. white, large, solitary, terminal; calyx, as well as the short peduncles, densely tomentose; bracts large, surrounding the base of the calyx. July. l., leaflets five to nine, obovate, slightly serrated, shining, glabrous; stipules nearly free, bristly. Branches erect, tomentose, armed with strong, recurved, often twin, prickles. h. 2ft. China, 1795.
R. b. scabriuscula (slightly scabrous). Branches bristly; prickles smaller than in the type, nearly straight. (B. M. 1377, under name of R. bracteata.) R. Brunonii (Brown's). A synonym of R. moschata.
R. canina (canine).* Dog Rose. fl. usually pink, sometimes solitary, or with many in a cluster; sepals usually naked, reflexed, pinnate; styles free or nearly so, hirsute. June to August. fr. ovoid, urceolate, or sub-globose, the mouth of the disk conspicuous. l., leaflets eglandular (rarely, except on the midrib and veins beneath), glabrous or thinly hairy, acute, very sharply toothed. Branches long, arching. h. 6ft. to 8ft. Europe (Britain), Orient. "Varieties innumerable: 150 are treated as species in Deseglise's 'Catalogue of the Roses of Europe and Asia.' One series of forms has erect, sub-persistent sepals, and another leaves slightly glandular beneath" (Baker). See Fig. 386.
R. carolina (Carolina). Swamp Rose. fl. pink, numerous, corymbose; calyx with leaf-like appendages, and, as well as the peduncles, glandular-bristly. June to September. fr. depressed-globular, somewhat bristly. l., leaflets five to nine, elliptical, often acute, dull above, pale beneath; stipules narrow. Stems 4ft. to 7ft. high, armed with stout, hooked prickles, not bristly. North America, 1726. (L. R. 4.) R. centifolia (hundred-leaved).* Cabbage Rose. fl. rose-purple, odorous, large; sepals spreading; petals inflexed; peduncles and calyx glandular-viscous. June and July. fr. ovate, some what pulpy, fragrant. l., leaflets five to seven, ovate, flat, simply serrated, glandular on the margins, rather flaccid, slightly pilose beneath. Prickles scattered, nearly straight, scarcely dilated at base h. 3ft. to 6ft. Orient, 1596. This species and its varieties have given rise to innumerable handsome garden Roses. R. c. muscosa (mossy).* Moss Rose. fl. rose or white; petals inflexed; peduncles and calyx glandular-mossy. l., leaflets ovate, flat, simply serrated. Prickles unequal, small, numerous. See Fig. 387. R. c. parviflora (small-flowered). fl. purple, smaller than in the type, solitary, very double, overtopped by the young shoots; sepals ovate, pointed. l., leaflets small, stiff, ovate, acute, flat, very finely and simply toothed. R. c. pomponia (Pompone). Pompone Rose. A dwarf form, having small flowers and leaves. See Fig. 388.
R. cinnamomea (Cinnamon-like). fl. pale or bright red, solitary or two or three together; sepals very narrow, longer than the concave, obcordate petals. May. fr. red, globose or spherical-ovate. l., leaflets five to seven, oval-oblong, simply serrated, cinereous-pubescent beneath; stipules of the sterile branches linear-oblong, those of the flowering branches dilated above, with spreading auricles. Prickles twin, falcate, the larger ones subulate, the smaller ones bristly and not glandular. h. 6ft. Europe and North Asia. R. c. dahurica (Dahurian). This resembles the type, but the stipules are narrow, and the prickles long and spreading.
R. c. majalis (May). Prickles of the flowering branches solitary, recurved. A small form.
R. damascena. (Damascus).* Damask Rose. fl. white or red, large, more or less corymbose, sweet-smelling; calyx, as well as the peduncles, glandular-hispid, viscous; sepals reflexed. June and July. fr. ovate, pulpy. l., leaflets five to seven, ovate, rather rigid, oblong in bud. Prickles numerous, unequal, dilated towards the base. h. 2ft. to 4ft. Orient, 1573. A parent of many beautiful garden forms.
R. d. variegata (variegated). fl. densely paniculate-corymbose. l., leaflets somewhat round-ovate, variegated with yellow, pubescent on the margins. R. Ecae (Mrs. Eca Aitchison's). fl. golden, solitary, less than 1in. in diameter. Summer. fr. globose, glabrous, shining, crowned by the reflexed calyx segments. l. small; leaflets five to nine. slightly glandular. Afghanistan. A much-branched, dwarf, very prickly shrub. (J. L. S. xix. 8.) R. Eglanteria (Eglantine), of Linnaeus. A synonym of R. lutea. R. Eglanteria (Eglantine), of Miller. A synonym of R. rubiginosa. R. ferox (fierce). fl. terminal, aggregate in twos or threes, rarely solitary; sepals pinnatifid, at length deflexed, deciduous; petals white, yellowish at base; peduncles short, glandular-hispid. June. fr. blood-coloured, naked, sub-globose. l., leaflets five to seven, ovate or roundish-ovate, glandularly biserrate, nearly glabrous above, copiously glandular beneath. Branches erect; prickles thick, very unequal, dilated at base, hooked. North Asia. Plant dwarf and much-branched.
R. ferox (fierce), of Lawrence. A synonym of R. rugosa. R. Fortuneana (Fortune's). fl. white, double, about 3in. in diameter, solitary, on short, bristly peduncles; sepals ovate, undivided; petals loosely and irregularly arranged. June. l., leaflets three to five, ovate-lanceolate, finely serrated, thin, bright green, shining on both sides; stipules small, subulate, deciduous. Branches slender, sparingly armed with small, falcate prickles. China, 1846. A scrambling, hybrid shrub, of which R. indica is one of the parents.
R. fraxinifolia (Ash-leaved). A synonym of R. blanda. R. gallica (French).* fl. varying from red to crimson, double or semi-double, erect; sepals spreading; peduncles and calyx glandular-hispid, somewhat viscous. June and July. fr. subglobose, very coriaceous. l., leaflets five to seven, coriaceous, rigid, ovate or lanceolate, deflexed; stipules narrow, divaricate at apex. Prickles unequal. h. 2ft. to 3ft. Europe and Western Asia. A very variable plant. See Fig. 389. (B. M. Pl. 104.) R. arvina and R. hybrida are probably hybrids between this species and R. repens. R. g. Agatha. Agatha Rose. fl. purple, small, very double; sepals more or less pinnate; outer petals spreading, inner ones concave. R. g. inermis (unarmed). fl. purple, double; calyx tube campanulate; sepals shortly and simply pinnate; peduncles scarcely glandular. Branches smooth, glabrous.
R. g. pumila (dwarf). fl. red, single; peduncles and calyx hispidulous-glandular, dark. l. roundish-ovate, rarely lanceolate, more or less keeled; stipules very narrow. Branches more or less prickly. (J. F. A. 198, under name of R. pumila.) R. glutinosa (glutinous). fl. pale blush, small, solitary, on short, bristly-viscid stalks. June. fr. scarlet, without bracts, prickly, crowned by the hoary sepals. l. hoary; leaflets three to seven, flat, roundish, small, coarsely serrated, glandular and viscid; stipules much dilated upwards; petioles sparsely prickly. Prickles on old stems unequal, falcate. h. 2ft. Orient, 1821. (S. F. G. 482.) R. gracilis (slender). A synonym of R. involuta Sabini. R. gymnocarpa (naked-fruited). fl. red, remarkably small, solitary or sometimes in pairs; calyx segments ovate, simply acuminate, deciduous. June. fr. red, the size of a small pea, smooth, and naked. l., leaflets five to nine, glabrous, rather distant, oval, sharply and doubly glandularly serrated. Branches glabrous, furnished with scattered, weak prickles. h. 1ft. to 4ft. California.
R. Hackeliana (Hackel's). fl. pink, minute, solitary, very shortly pedunculate; sepals undivided or pinnatifid. June. fr. ovate-spherical, glandular-bristly. l., leaflets five to seven, small, somewhat elliptic-orbicular, obtuse, simply serrulated, tomentose on both sides, densely so beneath; stipules ovate-oblong, dilated. Prickles nearly straight or often hooked and dilated at base. South Europe. A dwarf species. R. hemisphaerica (hemispherical).* fl. yellow, solitary, shortly pedunculate; calyx tube hemispherical; sepals lanceolate, almost undivided; petals obovate. July. fr. erect, globose. l. leaflets five to seven obovate, paler beneath and pubescent on the nerves, somewhat biserrate; petioles, as well as the peduncles, slightly spiny. h. 3ft. Orient, 1629. SYN. R. sulphurea (B. R. 46). R. hibernica (Irish). fl. pale pink, few or many; sepals leafy, persistent; peduncles naked. June and July. fr. erect, globose, naked. l., leaflets simply serrated, glaucous-green above, thinly hairy on the nerves beneath; petioles pubescent; stipules nearly naked on the back, the auricles gland-ciliated. Branches short; prickles rather crowded, gradually passing into bristles. h. 2ft. Britain. (Sy. En. B. 463.) Perhaps a hybrid between R. canina and R. spinosissima. In the variety cordifolia the peduncles are bristly and glandular, while in glabra they are naked.
R. hispida (hispid). fl. white, with a faint tinge of yellow, solitary; sepals lanceolate, cuspidate; petals oval, very obtuse; peduncles thickened at apex. June. fr. black, large, globose, glabrous. l., leaflets seven, oval, serrated with acuminate teeth, glabrous; petioles unarmed. Branchlets hispid-prickly. h. 3ft. 1780. A garden plant. (B. M. 1570.) SYN. R. lutescens (L. R. 9). R. humilis (dwarf). fl. pale blush, usually in pairs; sepals ovate, with a narrow point, their edges cottony; bracts pointed, somewhat hairy. June to August. l., leaflets usually five, some what shining, lanceolate, acuminate, finely toothed; stipules naked, very narrow. Branches slender, reddish-brown, armed with a pair of needle-shaped prickles under the stipules. North America. A low, weak, spreading species.
R. hystrix (bristly). A variety of R. sinica.
R. indica (Indian).* Blush, Common China, or Monthly Rose. fl. red, very numerous, usually semi-double; calyx tube naked; sepals nearly simple, acuminate, deciduous, glandular outside, petals obcordate, concave. All season. fr. scarlet, obovate. l. shining, without pubescence; leaflets three to five, even, elliptic, acuminate, nearly simply crenate-serrate, dark green above, glaucous beneath; petioles rough with bristles and little, hooked prickles; stipules very narrow, subulate. Branches stout, armed with brown, hooked prickles. h. 4ft. to 20ft. Native country not clearly known. 1789. R. borbonica is probably a hybrid between R. indica and R. gallica; R. Noisettiana (see Fig. 390) and R. Ternauxiana, between R. indica and R. moschata; R. reclinata, between R. indica and R. alpina; R. ruga, between R. i. fragrans and R. repens; and R. Fortuneana, of Lemaire (L. J. F. 361), is doubtless also a hybrid of which R. indica is one of the parents. R. i. anemonaeflora (Anemone-flowered). fl., calyx highly glabrous. l., leaflets ovate-lanceolate, argutely serrated.
R. i. caryophylla (Clove-leaved). fl. rose, sub-paniculate; petals cucullately inflexed. l., leaflets ample, slender.
R. i. flore-pleno (double-flowered). This only differs from the type in having double flowers. See Fig. 391. There are a large number of garden varieties in cultivation.
R. i. fragrans (fragrant). Sweet-scented Chinese Rose. fl. rose-coloured, semi-double, fragrant; peduncles thickened. fr. ovate. l., leaflets three to five, ample; stipules fringed or entire. Stem firm; prickles strong. R. i. longifolia (long-leaved). fl. rose, almost single; peduncles rather rough. l., leaflets three to five, long-lanceolate. Stemfirm, nearly unarmed. R. i. minima (smallest).* fl., petals obovate, acuminate. l., leaflets ovate, obtuse, purplish. Stem and branches prickly and bristly, or nearly glabrous. (B. M. 1762, under name of R. semperflorens minima.) SYN. R. Lawrenceana (B. R. 538). There are double-flowered forms of this which now generally pass under the name of "Fairy Rose."
R. i. semperflorens (ever-flowering). fl. purple, on filiform peduncles; sepals elongated, sub-appendiculate. l., leaflets slender, lanceolate or ovate. Stem and branches slender and weak, prickly or unarmed. (B. M. 284, under name of R. semperflorens; S. E. B. 91, under name of R. indica.) R. involucrate (large-involucred). fl. white, fragrant, 2in. to 3in. in diameter, solitary or shortly corymbose, rarely axillary and longer pedicelled; calyx tube unarmed; petals retuse; bracts large, lanceolate. July. fr. globose, densely tomentose. l. 3in. to 4in. long; leaflets three or four pairs, 1 1/2in. long or less, elliptic or oblong, acute or acuminate, finely serrated; stipules small, laciniate. Branchlets and inflorescence densely tomentose; prickles straight, often in stipular pairs. h. 3ft. India, 1818. (B. R. 739; L. R. 1, under name of R. Lyelli.) R. involuta (involute). fl. white or pink; sepals leafy, persistent, densely glandular on the back; peduncles densely bristly. June and July. fr. red, globose, sparingly produced. l., leaflets doubly serrated, glabrous or pubescent and glandular beneath; petioles and stipules densely glandular and ciliated. Branches sometimes arching; prickles scarcely curved, crowded, gradually passing into bristles. h. 2ft. Europe (principally Britain). A very variable species, of which there are many distinct forms. The following may be mentioned:
R. i. Sabini (Sabin's). fl., calyx tube sub-globose, more or less bristly; sepals pinnate. fr. sub-globose. l., leaflets with copious, compound serratures, thinly pubescent above; petioles (and peduncles) densely hairy, glandular, and bristly. Prickles straight, 1/3 in. long. This is the commonest form of the species. SYN. R. gracilis.
R. i. Wilsoni (Wilson's). fl., calyx tube almost glabrous; sepals nearly simple. fr. sub-obovoid. l., leaflets often cordate, terminal, large, glabrous above, the ribs thinly hairy and nearly glandless beneath, the serratures simple. Prickles as in R. i. Sabini. (Sy. En. B. 464.) R. laevigata (smooth). A synonym of R. sinica.
R. Lawrenceana (Lawrence's). A synonym of R. indica minima. R. laxa (loose). fl. solitary; calyx tube roundish, hairy, sometimes underset with floral leaves; sepals entire, silky; petals white, yellowish at base, somewhat cordate; peduncles very short, hairy. July. fr. roundish. l. pendent; leaflets oblong-elliptic, doubly serrated, shining above, hairy beneath; petioles glandular-hairy, somewhat prickly; stipules fringed. Branches slender, silky-hairy; prickles stipular, in pairs. h. 3ft. Siberia. R. lucida (clear).* fl. red; calyx lobes glandular-bristly; peduncles one to three-flowered. May to July. fr. depressed-globular, smooth when ripe. l., leaflets five to nine, elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, shining above, sharply serrated. Stems 1ft. to 2ft. high, armed with unequal, bristly prickles, which are mostly deciduous, the stouter, persistent ones nearly straight, slender. North America, 1724.
R. 1. flore-pleno (double-flowered).* A charming variety, with double flowers, met with in nursery catalogues under the name of "Rose Button." R. lutea (yellow).* Austrian Briar. fl. yellow, few, 2in. to 2 1/2in. in diameter; calyx tube hemispherical or globose, glabrous, unarmed or prickly; sepals long-acuminate, entire or with marginal laciniae; petals obcordate. June. l. 1 1/2in. to 3in. long; leaflets two to four pairs, petiolulate, elliptic-ovate or orbicular, obtuse or apiculate, deeply or doubly glandular-serrate; petioles glandular-pubescent; stipules broad. Branches with straight prickles, erect. h. 3ft. Orient. (B. M. 363, under name of R. l. unicolor.) SYN. R. Eglanteria.
R. l. punicea (scarlet). fl., petals scarlet above, and yellow beneath; stigmas purple. (B. M. 1077, under name of R. l. bicolor.) R. lutescens (yellowish). A synonym of R. hispida.
R. macrophylla (large-leaved). fl. bright red, solitary or corymbose, 1in. to 3 1/2in. in diameter; calyx tube 1/2in. to 1 1/2in. long; sepals 1in. to 2in. long, persistent; petals broadly obcordate; peduncles, pedicels, and calyx usually very bristly and glandular. June. fr. sometimes 2in. long. l. 2in. to 8in. long; leaflets elliptic-ovate, acuminate or acute, finely serrated, usually pubescent beneath; petioles pubescent; stipules large, sheathing. Prickles straight or slightly curved, or absent. h. 6ft. Temperate Himalaya and China.
R. micrantha (small-flowered). fl. pale red, 1in. in diameter; sepals deciduous, densely glandular, with a leafy point and one or two leaflets. June. fr. scarlet, urceolate. l., leaflets small, more pointed than those of R. rubiginosa, glabrous above, densely glandular beneath. Branches long, arched; prickles equal. h. 4ft. Europe (Britain).
R. microcarpa (small-fruited). fl. white, small, very numerous, corymbose; bracts deciduous; stalks smooth. July. fr. scarlet, the size and form of those of Crataegus Oxyacantha. l. distant; leaflets three or five, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, naked, simply crenate-serrate, dark shining green above, paler beneath; petioles downy or naked; stipules subulate. Branches slender, flagelliform, with a few hooked prickles. h. 10ft. China, 1822. Climber. (B. M. 6548; L. R. 18.) R. microphylla (small-leaved). fl. of a delicate blush-colour, small. August to October. fr. Prickly, green or yellowish when ripe. l., leaflets ovate, small; bracts appressed, pectinate. h. 2ft. to 4ft. China. (B. M. 6549.) This species connects the Bracteateae and the Cinnamomeae. There is a double-flowered form in cultivation.
R. mollis (soft). fl. red; sepals persistent, densely glandular. June and July. fr. globose or turbinate, densely prickly, rarely naked, ripening early. l., leaflets very hairy, doubly serrate. Branches erect; prickles uniform, scattered, slender, nearly straight. North Europe (Britain). Allied to R. spinosissima. SYN. R. mollissima (Sy. En. B. 466).
R. m. pomifera (Apple-bearing).* fl., sepals copiously pinnate, quite persistent; petals often ciliated and glandular. fr. more or less pear-shaped, scarlet, large, very handsome, ripening early in autumn. Branches arching. (G. C. n. s., xxv. 237, under name of R. pomifera.) R. mollissima (very soft). A synonym of R. mollis.
R. montana (mountain-loving). fl. varying from whitish to rose, generally solitary on short, erect peduncles. Summer. fr. deep red, globular or oblong, glandular-prickly. l. doubly dentate, with five to seven rounded leaflets, glabrous above, hairy beneath. Prickles scattered, nearly straight, thin. h. 6ft. South Europe, &c.
R. moschata (musky).* fl. yellowish-white, 1 1/2in. to 2in. in diameter, very numerous, in compound corymbs; calyx tube small, obovoid; sepals 1/2in. long, often pinnatifid; petals or-bicular-obovate; inflorescence pubsecent. August. fr. dark brown, 1/3in. in diameter. l. 2in. to 6in. long; leaflets two to four pairs, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, with very numerous and acute serratures, puberulous beneath. Prickles scattered, stout, recurved. h. 12ft. South Europe to India, 1590. Climber. (B. R. 829, 861) SYN. R. Brunonii (B. M. 4030; F. d. S. 366-7).
R. multifiora (many-flowered).* fl. white, pink, or purple, corymbose, often very numerous; sepals short, ovate, entire, not persistent. June. fr. bright red. l., leaflets five to seven, ovate-lanceolate, soft, slightly wrinkled; stipules pectinate. Branches, as well as the peduncles and calyx, tomentose; prickles slender, scattered. h. 12ft. China and Japan, 1822. R. m. carnea (flesh-coloured). fl. pink, double. (B. M. 1059; B. R. 425.) R. m. flore-pleno (double-flowered). This only differs from the type in having the flowers double.
R. m. platyphylla (broad-leaved). fl. purple, large, double. l., leaflets broader than in the type. (B. R. 1372.) R. nitida (shining).* fl. of a brilliant red, on bristly stalks; sepals very narrow; petals obcordate, concave, nearly erect; cymes one or few-flowered. July. fr. bright scarlet, depressed-spherical, somewhat hispid. l. very shining dark green, changing to purple in autumn; leaflets three to seven, narrow-lanceolate, naked, simply serrated; petioles slender, naked; stipules gland-fringed. Branches erect, much divided, covered all over with prickles and bristles. h. 2ft. North America, 1807. (L. R. 2.) R. nutkana (Nootka Sound). fl. varying from pale to bright red; calyx segments entire, long-acuminate, glandular without, spathulate at apex; peduncles solitary, glabrous. June. fr. ovate, glabrous. l., leaflets ovate-elliptic, obtuse, obsoletely glandular-serrated, pubescent at the midrib below; petioles prickly. Branches glabrous; prickles stipular. h. 6ft. Nootka Sound. R. orientalis (Eastern). fl. solitary, shortly pedunculate; sepals straight, undivided or pinnatifid. June. fr. spherical or ovate, densely bristly, rarely glabrous. l., leaflets five to seven, nearly round or elliptic-ovate, almost simply serrated, greyish-tomentose on both sides. Prickles all subulate, nearly straight, unequal, Orient. A dwarf species.
R. phoenicia (Phoenician). fl. white, disposed in a compound, corymbose panicle; calyx tube highly glabrous; sepals undivided or minutely lobulate; petals longer than the calyx. June. l., leaflets three or five, ovate-elliptic, obtuse, deeply and simply serrated, opaque above, hairy or pilose and paler beneath. Branches elongated, climbing; prickles scattered, hooked. Orient.
R. pimpinellifolia (Pimpernel-leaved). A synonym of R. spinosissima. R. pisocarpa (Pea-fruited). fl. 1in. in diameter, solitary or in few-flowered corymbs; corymbs; calyx glandular, with very long lobes; petals rose-coloured, orbicular, bifid; stamens very numerous. July. fr. bright red, globose, erect, 1/3in. to 1/2in. in diameter. l. 2in. to 3in. long; leaflets four to seven, 3/4in. long, broadly elliptic, obtuse, finely serrated; petiole and rachis minutely pubescent. California, 1877. A straggling, much-branched, unarmed or spiny bush. (B. M. 6857; G. M., Oct. 9, 1886.) R. repens (creeping). fl. white, with a yellow eye, one to six, rarely solitary, scentless; calyx purple; sepals deciduous, naked at back, short, broad. June and July. fr. small, naked, sub-globose. l., leaflets quite glabrous, glaucous beneath. Branches trailing, purple, glaucous; prickles uniform, stout, strongly hooked, often very large. h. 2ft. to 8ft. Europe (Britain). SYN. R. arvensis. R. bibracteata is a variety with larger leaflets and stronger shoots.
R. r. capreolata (tendrilled). Ayrshire Rose. fl. on glandular-hispid or rugose peduncles. l., leaflets ovate, argutely serrated, slender. Prickles slender, very acute.
R. rubella (reddish). fl. pale or deep red, solitary, without bracts; sepals erect, entire, rough; petals concave, emarginate; peduncles hispid. June. fr. scarlet, pendulous, long-ovate. l., leaflets seven to eleven, almost flat, oval, pointed, simply serrated or nearly so, dark green above, paler beneath; petioles sparingly glandular, without hairs; stipules dilated towards their ends. Branches erect, reddish, 3ft. to 4ft. high, bristly and prickly. Europe. This and its varieties, gentilis, reversa, and stricta, are probably hybrids between R. alpina and R. spinosissima.
R. rubiginosa (rusty-leaved).* Eglantine; Sweetbriar. fl. pink, one to three; sepals densely glandular, pinnate, sub-persistent. June. fr. globose. l., leaflets glabrous above, pubescent beneath. Branches compact; prickles with a few bristles and glandular hairs intermixed. h. 5ft. Europe (Britain). Plant very sweet-scented. SYN. R. Eglanteria. R. permixta and R. sylvicola are mere varieties of this species.
R. rubrifolia (red-leaved). fl. deep red, small; sepals very narrow, longer than the petals. August. fr. oblong, with very tender flesh. l., leaflets ovate, toothed, tinged with red, very glaucous, wrinkled, opaque. Stems deep red or purple, covered with pale bloom and armed with small, short, pale, hooked prickles. h. 6ft. Europe. Otherwise like R. canina. R. r. fenestralis (fenestrate). A synonym of R. setigera. R. r. laevis (smooth). fl., sepals entire. fr. corymbose, and, as well as the peduncles, smooth. (B. R. 430, under name of R. rubrifolia.) R. rugosa (wrinkled).* fl. red, large, solitary, bractless; sepals reflexed, hairy, entire, very narrow; petals emarginate; peduncles beset with straight, short, scattered prickles. June. fr. varying from orange-red to deep red, very large and showy, depressed-globose, pendulous, crowned by persistent, erect sepals; ripening in autumn. l., leaflets five to nine, ovate, much wrinkled, simply serrated, obtuse. Branches slender, armed with very dense, straight, nearly equal prickles. h. 4ft. Japan, 1845. (L. R. 19.) SYN. R. ferox (B. R. 420). R. Iwara is supposed to be a hybrid between this and R. multiflora. R. r. kamtschatica (Kamtschatkan). fl., petals obcordate, sometimes apiculate; bracts elliptical, nearly naked. l. grey; leaflets obovate, blunt, with callous teeth. Branches downy, pale brown, procumbent. Prickles under the stipules large and spreading, two or three together; intermediate ones much smaller.
R. r. nitens (shining). l. pale shining green, highly glabrous on both sides. (B. R. 824, under name of R. kamtschatica nitens.) R. Sempervirens (evergreen).* fl. white, fragrant, very numerous; sepals nearly simple; peduncles usually glandular-hispid. June to August. fr. orange, small, usually glandular-hispid. l. persistent; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, simply serrated, smooth on both surfaces, paler beneath. South Europe and India, 1529. Climber. (B. R. 459.) The following are varieties: R. s. Leschenaultiana (Leschenault's). fl., peduncles beset with glandular bristles. l., leaflets ovate-lanceolate; petioles and stems prickly, pruinose and violaceous. Stems climbing 60ft. to 70ft.
R. s. prostrata (prostrate). fl. white or pale red, solitary or numerous; peduncles sometimes furnished with two or many bracts. Stems prostrate. R. s. scandens (climbing). Peduncles and fruit slightly hispid. R. sepium (hedge). fl. pink; sepals sub-persistent; styles pubescent; peduncles naked. June. fr. ovoid, naked, l., leaflets small, narrowed to both ends, glabrous, but densely glandular beneath. Prickles with a few bristles and glandular hairs intermixed. h. 3ft. Europe (Britain). Plant looser in habit than R. rubiginosa, which it somewhat resembles. R. sericea (silky). fl. white, rarely pink or pale straw-coloured, solitary, ebracteate, 2in. to 2 1/2in. in diameter, almost axillary; calyx tube and peduncles bristly and glandular; sepals pubescent, persistent; petals obcordate, usually four. May. l. 1in. to 3in. long, crowded; leaflets seven to nine, usually oblong, obtuse, acutely toothed, silky beneath. Branches perfectly glabrous and unarmed or prickly only, or also loosely or densely bristly and glandular. India, 1822. Plant erect or sub-scandent. (B. M. 5200; L. R. 12.) R. setigera (bristle-bearing). Climbing or Prairie Rose. fl. deep rose-coloured, changing to white, corymbose; calyx and peduncles glandular. July. fr. globular. l., leaflets three to five, ovate, acute, sharply serrated, smooth or downy beneath. Stems climbing, armed with stout, nearly straight prickles, not bristly; strong shoots growing 10ft. to 20ft. in a season. North America. Climber. SYN. R. rubrifolia fenestralis (L. R. 15). R. simplicifolia (simple-leaved). fl. sweet-scented, solitary, without bracts; calyx tube downy, covered with needle-shaped prickles; sepals entire; petals deep yellow, with a dark crimson spot at their base. June. fr. pale green, depressed-globose. l. sessile, erect, simple, narrow-obovate, densely pubescent; stipules absent. Branches slender, pubescent, bristly; prickles slender, falcate. h. 2ft. to 3ft. Siberia and Persia, 1790. (G. C. n. s., xxiv. 468.) SYNS. R. berberifolia, Hultheimia berberifolia, Lowea berberifolia (B. R. 1261). R. Hardii (G. C. n. s., xxiv. 469) is a hybrid between this species and R. involucrata.
R. sinica (Chinese).* Cherokee Rose. fl. white, large, solitary; calyx very bristly; sepals rigid, spreading. June. fr. orange-red, muricate. l. evergreen, mostly trifoliolate; leaflets smooth and shining, hispid on the midrib. Stem long, trailing, smooth, the branches armed with very stout, curved prickles. China (naturalised in Southern United States, West Indian Islands, &c.), 1759. (B. M. 2847; B. R. 1922; L. R. 16.) SYN. R. laevigata. R. s. hystrix (bristly). fr. purple, very brittle. l. distant. Branches covered with little, short, stiff bristles, a few large, falcate prickles being mixed among them. (L. R. 17, under name of R. hystrix.) R. spinosissima (very spiny).* Burnet or Scotch Rose. fl. white or pink, 1in. to 1 1/2in. in diameter, one to three or more together; calyx tube usually glabrous; sepals simple, more or less persistent. May and June. fr. short. l. small, slightly or not glandular; leaflets seven to nine, singly or doubly serrated, usually broad. Prickles crowded, very unequal, nearly straight, passing into stiff bristles and glandular hairs. h. 1ft. to 4ft. Europe (Britain), Siberia. (Sy. En. B. 461.) SYN. R. pimpinellifolia. R. s. altaica (Altaic). fl., calyx and peduncles smooth. l. broader than in the type. Plant taller. (B. R. 888, under name of R. grandiflora.) R. s. argentea (silvery). fl. white, semi-double; calyx and peduncles purple, hispidulous. l., leaflets ovate, white-tomentose beneath. Stems and branches hispid, prickly, intermixed with minute bristles. (B. M. 1570, under name of R. hispida argentea.) R. s. myriacantha (many-spined). fl., calyx and peduncles hispid. l., leaflets minute, doubly-serrated. Prickles very numerous, the lower ones often reversed. (L. R. 10, under name of R. myriacantha.) R. s. reversa (reversed). fl. yellowish-white. Stems clothed below with very slender, deflexed prickles. (B. M. 431.) R. stylosa (large-styled). fl., sepals reflexed, much pinnate; styles as long as, or shorter than, the stamens; peduncles elongated, more or less bristly and glandular. l., leaflets pubescent beneath. A tall, rarely low bush. To this species, which is intermediate between R. canina and R. repens, the following varieties are referred: fastigiata, gallicoides, Monsoniae, opaca, systyla.
R. sulphurea (sulphur-coloured). A synonym of R. hemisphoerica. R. tomentosa (tomentose). fl. bright rose-pink, sometimes pure white, generally one to three; calyx tube prickly or naked; sepals copiously pinnate, not quite persistent. June and July. fr. ovate-urceolate or sometimes turbinate. l. 4in. to 5in. long; leaflets copiously duplicate-serrate (rarely simply-serrate), thinly grey-downy above, more so below. Branches elongated, arching; prickles scattered, equal, straight or nearly so, slender. h. 6ft. Europe (Britain). (Sy. En. B. 467.) Of this species there are numerous varieties.
R. turbinata (top-shaped). fl. reddish-violet, ample, sub-corymbose; calyx turbinate, nearly smooth; sepals undivided, sub-spathulate; peduncles rugulose-hispid. June. l., leaflets five to seven, ovate-cordate, bullate-wrinkled, ample, simply serrated, approximate, slightly villous beneath; stipules large, amplexicaul. Stems almost unarmed; branches smooth. h. 5ft. 1629. Of garden origin: perhaps a hybrid between R. canina and R. gallica.
R. Webbiana (Webb's). fl. pink, 1in. to 3in. in diameter, usually solitary; calyx often densely bristly, sometimes quite smooth; sepals persistent, caudate-acuminate, exceeding the obcordate petals. June. fr. ovoid or globose, 1/2in. to 1in. in diameter. l. 1/2in. to 2in. long; leaflets two to five pairs, oblong or orbicular, rarely obovate, entire towards the usually rounded base; stipules small. Prickles copious, erect, straight or curved. h. 2ft. to 5ft. Inner Himalaya.
R. Woodsii (Woods'). A synonym of R. blanda.
VARIETIES. These are almost innumerable, particularly in the Hybrid Perpetual class, which is so well known and so justly popular with all cultivators, either for exhibition purposes, culture in pots, or for garden decoration, &c. The beautiful varieties of Tea, Hybrid Tea, and Noisette Roses are best adapted for culture under glass, where their extremely delicate flowers are unsurpassed; if placed in the open air, the plants require a warm position, and protection in winter. The other classes referred to below are mostly what are known as Garden Roses, because they are not generally used for exhibition, but for climbing and for other decorative garden purposes. Hybrid Perpetual Roses.
The subjoined selection of varieties from this class, although somewhat long, contains only a portion of such as are alike worthy of being included, but which have necessarily to be omitted. They are nearly all of vigorous-growing habit under liberal treatment, therefore no reference is made on this point to each individually.
ABEL CARRIERE, maroon, shaded scarlet; large, full, good form. ABEL GRAND, silvery-rose, glossy and clear; very sweet-scented. ALFRED COLOMB, bright flery-red; large, full, and of fine globular form; fragrant and superb. ALFRED K. WILLIAMS, carmine-red; large, full, and perfect form; grand exhibition flower. ANNIE LAXTON, beautiful rose-colour; large, full, and good form. AUGUSTE RIGOTARD, cherry-red; large, full, fine foliage; free-flowering. BARONESS ROTHSCHILD, delicate pink, suffused with white; very large and fine, but scentless. BEAUTY OF WALTHAM, bright rosy-crimson; medium size, full, fragrant. CAMILLE BERNARDIN, beautiful pale crimson, with lilac shade; large, full, and fine form, very sweet; superb. CAPTAIN CHRISTY, very soft flesh-colour, deeper centre; very large; fine in autumn. CENTIFOLIA ROSEA, bright rose; large but rather thin, having the scent of the Cabbage Rose. CHARLES DARWIN, deep crimson, with brownish tint, and slightly shaded with violet; a good autumnal blossomer, and thoroughly distinct. COMTESSE DE SERENYE, delicate rose, large; best in dry seasons. COUNTESS OF OXFORD, bright carmine, shaded purple; very large and full; a reliable variety. COUNTESS OF ROSEBERY, carmine-rose; smooth, beautifully cupped; free-flowering. DEVIENNE LAMY, carmine-red; large, full, and fine, globular form. DR. ANDRY, brilliant red; large and full, good form. DUCHESSE DE CAYLUS, brilliant carmine-red; a large, fine flower of great substance, perfect form; thorough perpetual. DUCHESSE DE VALLOMBROSA, soft rose, with bright pink centre, passing to rosy-white; large, full. DUCHESS OF BEDFORD, rich velvety-crimson, suffused with scarlet; petals reflexed. DUCHESS OF CONNAUGHT (Noble), bright crimson, shaded with brownish-crimson; medium size, globular. DUKE OF EDINBURGH, fine vermilion; large, full, and good form; superb. DUKE OF TECK, crimson-scarlet; large, full, and good form; very free-flowering. DUKE OF WELLINGTON, bright crimson; medium size, full, and perfect form. DUPUY JAMAIN, bright cerise, large; fine in autumn. EDOUARD MORREN, deep rose; large, and very double. ETIENNE LEVET, carmine; large, full, and exquisitely formed; a good show flower. FISHER HOLMES, deep rich crimson; full and good form. FRANCOIS MICHELON, beautiful rich rose; reverse of petals silvery; large, full, and of fine form. GENERAL JACQUEMINOT, brilliant crimson-scarlet; an abundant blossomer and very fragrant. HARRISON WEIR, rich velvety-crimson, enlivened with scarlet; large, full, and stout in texture; fragrant. HEINRICH SCHULTHEIS, delicate pinkish-rose; large, full, and fine form, very sweet-scented; a thorough perpetual. HENRY BENNETT, flery-red, shaded carmine; large and good form, very showy. HER MAJESTY (Bennett), rich delicate rose, similar in shade to BARONESS ROTHSCHILD; the flowers are fully 6in. across, and of great substance; an extremely large and fine new variety. HORACE VERNET, velvety-crimson, shaded with purple; extra fine. JEAN LIABAUD, velvety-crimson, shaded black, very large; a fine dark Rose. JOHN HOPPER, deep rose; back of petals lilac tint; very large and double, good form. JOHN STUART MILL, bright clear red; large, full, and beautiful form; a good variety for general cultivation. JULES MARGOTTIN, bright rose; large and full. LA FRANCE, silvery-white, back of petals rose; an abundant blossomer and highly fragrant; superb. LORD MACAULAY, bright velvety-crimson; medium size, full, and good form. LOUIS VAN HOUTTE, reddish-scarlet and amaranth, shaded with bluish-purple; large, full; a grand dark Rose. MADAME GABRIEL LUIZET, pale pink; large, full, finely cupped, fragrant. MADAME LACHARME, white, the centre sometimes shaded with light rose in opening, large; good habit, free-flowering. MADAME NAUCHURY, fine satin-like rose, with a soft lavender shade. MADAME VICTOR VERDIER, brilliant cherry-red; large and finely cupped; extra fine. MAGNA CHARTA, bright pink, suffused with carmine; large and full. MARGUERITE DE ST. AMAND, pale pink; large, full, and fine form; superb. MARIE BAUMANN, vivid red; large, full, and fragrant; superb. MARIE RADY, deep red; very large, full, and imbricated. MARQUISE DE CASTELLANE, beautiful bright rose, very large; a fine, bold flower. MAURICE BERNARDIN, beautiful rich crimson, shaded with violet; large, double, fragrant. MDLLE. THERESE LEVET, delicate pink. MERVEILLE DE LYON, white, with a slight tinge of satiny-rose; large, and of excellent form; a superb variety; extra fine. MONSIEUR BONCENNE, blackish-velvety-purple; large, full, and good form. MONSIEUR E. Y. TEAS, deep cherry-red; large and full, very fragrant; superb. MRS. HARRY TURNER, dazzling crimson-scarlet, with rich maroon shading. MRS. JOWITT, brilliant crimson, shaded with lake; flowers very large and double. OXONIAN, beautiful shaded rose, of good substance; very sweet. PAUL NERON, deep rose, exceedingly large and full; good habit. PIERRE NOTTING, blackish-red, slightly purpled; very large, of exquisite form, very fragrant. PRINCE ARTHUR, rich scarlet, shaded crimson; large, nearly full, good form; an abundant blossomer. PRINCE CAMILLE DE ROHAN, velvety-crimson-maroon, shaded with blood-red; large, and full; very fine. PRINCESS BEATRICE, rosy-pink; large, full, and fine globular form. QUEEN OF QUEENS, pink, with blush edges in summer, altogether pink in autumn; large, full, and double; free-flowering. REYNOLDS HOLE, deep maroon, flushed over with scarlet, distinct, large; a fine dark Rose. SENATEUR VAISSE, scarlet-crimson; beautiful shape, large, free-flowering, and highly fragrant. STAR OF WALTHAM, rosy-crimson, very rich and effective; large, full, and good form. SULTAN OF ZANZIBAR, blackish-maroon, edged with scarlet, medium size; a bright dark variety. ULRICH BRUNNER, lively carmine-rose; large, nearly full; very showy and good. VICTOR VERDIER, rose, shaded with carmine; full. XAVIER OLIBO, dark velvety-crimson; large and full; one of the finest dark Roses. Tea-Scented Roses.
ADAM, pale blush-rose, large and double; fine. ALINE SISLEY, purple-rose, good form; free. ANNA OLLIVER, rosy-flesh; base of petals darker; full, and good form. BELLE LYONNAISE, pale lemon; large, full, and fine form; a seedling from GLOIRE DE DIJON, quite distinct in colour. CATHERINE MERMET, fine fleshy-rose; large, full and perfect, imbricated; superb. COMTESSE DE NADAILLAC, bright rosy-flesh; base of petals coppery-yellow; distinct. DEVONIENSIS, creamy-white, large and full; a fine old Rose. DEVONIENSIS, CLIMBING, flowers same as old variety; of very vigorous habit. DUCHESS OF EDINBURGH, deep glowing crimson; large and full. ETOILE DE LYON, deep yellow; large and very double, full. GLOIRE DE DIJON, fawn, shaded with salmon; very large, good form; a splendid and well-known Rose for all purposes, blossoms well late in the season. GOUBAULT, bright rose, deeper centre. HOMER, blush, edged with deep rose. INNOCENTE PIROLA, creamy-white, exquisite form; very free. ISABELLA SPRUNT, sulphur-yellow, medium size; an abundant blossomer, beautiful in bud. JEAN DUCHER, salmon-yellow, centre peach; large, full, and good form. JEAN PERNET, bright yellow, medium size. LA BOULE D'OR, pale yellow, deeper centre; large and very double; does not open freely. MADAME BERARD, salmon-yellow; back of petals clear rose; large and full, fine form; free-flowering. MADAME BRAVY, white, centre flushed with pink; large, double, finely formed. MADAME CAMILLE, delicate salmon-pink; large, full, and fine form. MADAME DE WATTEVILLE, white, slightly shaded salmon; large, well-shaped, remarkable in colour. MADAME FALCOT, bright buff-yellow; fine. MADAME HIPPOLYTE JAMAIN, white, with yellow centre, tinted with soft rose; fine form, large and full. MADAME LAMBARD, beautiful bright red early in the season, paler in autumn; base of petals coppery-yellow; large, full, and good form; very beautiful. MADAME MARGOTTIN, beautiful citron-yellow, deeper centre, perfect form; fine. MADAME TRIFLE, salmon-yellow; outer petals sometimes deep coppery-yellow; large and full; a seedling from GLOIRE DE DIJON. MADAME WILLERMOZ, white, cream centre; very fine. MARIE DUCHER, transparent rose; very large, full, fine form; good habit. MARIE VAN HOUTTE, lemon-yellow, edged with lively rose; medium size, good form; superb. NARCISSE, sulphur-yellow, deeper centre. NIPHETOS, purest white; large and double. PERFECTION DE MONTPLAISIR, canary-yellow, medium size; free-flowering. PERLE DES JARDINS, bright orange-yellow; large, full, and good form. RUBENS, white, shaded with rose, centre peach; large and full, good form. SAFRANO, fawn-colour; beautiful in bud. SOMBREUIL, pale lemon; large and very double. SOUVENIR D'ELISE VARDON, flesh-white, shaded with salmon; beautiful form, large and full; tender. SOUVENIR DE MADAME PERNET, fine light rose, shaded clear yellow; very large. SOUVENIR DE M. PAUL NERON, white, delicately edged and tinted with pale rose; medium size, full. SOUVENIR D'UN AMI, deep rose; large and full, good form. SUNSET, deep orange-yellow; medium size, full; between MADAME FALCOT and PERLE DES JARDINS; superb. VICOMTESSE DE CAZES, yellow, centre coppery-yellow; a distinct and beautiful, but rather tender variety.
Hybrid Tea Roses.
BEAUTY OF STAPLEFORD, pink-rose, shaded centre; large. BEDFORD BELLE, blush-white, tinted rose. CHESHUNT HYBRID, cherry-carmine, large and full; a good pillar Rose. COUNTESS OF PEMBROKE, satin-rose, highly perfumed; fine form. HON. GEORGE BANCROFT, bright rosy-crimson, shaded purple, very large. LADY MARY FITZWILLIAM, delicate flesh-colour, very large, globular; a grand variety. NANCY LIFE, soft rose, sweetly scented, buds long; very free-flowering. PEARL, flesh-white, flowers small, but of perfect form. VISCOUNTESS FALMOUTH, delicate pinkish-rose; back of petals bright pink; highly scented. VISCOUNTESS FOLKESTONE (Bennett), creamy-pink, centre deep salmon-pink; large and very fragrant; new. W. F. BENNETT, bright crimson, described as being like a crimson NIPHETOS; a valuable new variety. YE PRIMROSE DAME (Bennett), primrose-yellow, centre apricot; full, and of good form; new.
Noisette Roses.
AIMEE VIBERT, pure white; small, full, in large clusters. CAROLINE KUSTER, pale yellow; large and globular form. CELINE FORESTIER, yellow, with a deep yellow centre, of medium size; free-flowering; opens well out-of-doors. CLOTH OF GOLD, deep yellow, sulphur edges, large and fine; a shy blossomer, requiring a warm south wall. JAUNE DESPREZ, buff yellow; of robust habit. LAMARQUE, white, lemon centre; a first-class Rose for any purpose. MARECHAL NIEL, beautiful deep yellow; very large, full and globular form, very sweet-scented; undoubtedly one of the finest yellow Roses ever introduced. OPHIRIE, coppery-yellow, medium size, full; a fine climbing Rose. REVE D'OR, deep yellow, medium size; makes a good pillar or climbing Rose. SOLFATERRE, bright sulphur, large and full. TRIOMPHE DE RENNES, canary-colour; large, double, fine form. WILLIAM ALLEN RICHARDSON, deep orange-yellow, small, showy, and distinct; a good climbing Rose.
Provence Roses (R. centifolia).
CABBAGE OR COMMON, rosy-pink, large and fragrant. CRESTED or CRISTATA, rose, pale edges; large and beautiful. WHITE or UNIQUE, paper-white; large and fine. Miniature Provence or Pompon Roses (R. centifolia pomponia). BURGUNDY, pale purplish-pink; very dwarf and small. DE MEAUX or POMPON, rosy-lilac, very small. SPONG, rosy-lilac, dwarf; a somewhat larger flower than DE MEAUX. WHITE BURGUNDY, white, slightly tinted; dwarf. Moss Roses (R. centifolia muscosa).
BARON DE WASSENAER, light crimson; vigorous, flowers in clusters. COMMON or OLD, pale rose, moderate, fragrant. COMTESSE DE MURINAIS, white, large and double; very free. GLOIRE DES MOUSSEUSES, rosy-blush; one of the largest. LANEII, rosy-crimson, large and double. LITTLE GEM, crimson; a miniature variety, very small and double, beautifully mossed. MADAME EDWARD ORY, rosy-carmine, vigorous. WHITE BATH, white, beautiful in bud. French Roses (R. gallica).
BOULA DE NANTEUIL, crimson-purple, very large. D'AGUESSEAU, bright crimson, large. GLOIRE DE COLMAR, rich velvety-crimson, fine. KEAN, rich purple, crimson centre; vigorous. NAPOLEON, deep rose, shaded purple; vigorous. OEILLET PARFAIT, blush-white, striped crimson; very double. Damask Roses (R. damascena).
LA VILLE DE BRUXELLES, rose, large and fine. MADAME HARDY, pure white; vigorous. MADAME ZOUTMAN, creamy-white, shaded pink, large. YORK AND LANCASTER, white and red, striped; a beautiful, old-fashioned, vigorous border Rose.
Hybrid Bourbon, Hybrid China, and Hybrid Noisette Roses (R. indica hybrida). BLAIRII, No. 2, blush, with rose centre, large. CHARLES LAWSON, vivid rose, very large and double; fine. CHENEDOLE, bright red; good for pillars. COUPE D'HEBE, rich deep pink, large and double; vigorous. FULGENS, fine crimson; vigorous. MADAME PLANTIER, pure white; very vigorous and free-flowering. PAUL RICAUT, rosy-crimson; very free. PAUL VERDIER, carmine-red, vigorous. VIVID, rich crimson; fine.
Bourbon Rose.
SOUVENIR DE LA MALMAISON, blush-white, shaded flesh-colour, large and full; flowers best in autumn.
Austrian Briar Roses (R. lutea).
AUSTRIAN COPPER, coppery-red, single. AUSTRIAN YELLOW, yellow, single. HARRISONII, golden-yellow; very free and good. PERSIAN YELLOW, deep golden-yellow, vigorous.
Ayrshire Roses (R. repens hybrida).
BENNETT'S SEEDLING or THORESBYANA, pure white; vigorous; flowers in clusters. DUNDEE RAMBLER, white, tinged with pink. RUGA, pale flesh, semi-double, very fragrant. SPLENDENS or MYRRH-SCENTED, flesh-colour.
Boursault Roses (R. alpina.) AMADIS or CRIMSON, purplish-crimson. GRACILIS, bright pink. SPLENDENS, rosy-blush. Vigorous-growing climbing Roses.
Evergreen Roses (R. sempervirens).
FELICITE PERPETUELLE, creamy-white; flowers borne in cluster in the greatest profusion. FLORA, bright rose; full and exceedingly fine. PRINCESS MARIE, deep reddish-pink. Good pillar Roses that retain their foliage through a great part of the winter.
Banksian Roses (R. Banksiae).
ALBA or WHITE, pure white, small, and very double, Violet-scented. LUTEA or YELLOW, yellow, very double. These are half-hardy, sub-evergreen Roses, that require a warm wall, and need but little pruning.
ROSACEAE. A large natural order of erect or prostrate, very rarely climbing, sometimes sarmentose herbs, shrubs, or trees, widely distributed. Flowers usually regular and hermaphrodite; calyx free or adnate to the ovary; tube short or elongated, narrowed or widened; limb equal (or in Chrysobalaneoe often unequal), usually five-lobed, imbricated and persistent, rarely of four lobes or none; petals inserted below the margin of the disk, as many as the calyx lobes, rarely none, equal (or in Chrysobalaneae unequal), obovate, oblong, rounded, or spathulate, usually exunguiculate, imbricated, deciduous; stamens usually indefinite, two to many-seriate, in a few species definite or reduced to one or two; filaments subulate or filiform, incurved in aestivation; anthers small, very rarely elongated; gynaecious carpels one or many, one or many-seriate. Fruit variable, superior or more or less inferior, naked or included within the persistent calyx tube; inflorescence variable. Leaves variable, simple or compound, alternate or rarely opposite, sometimes glandularly serrate; stipules two, free or adnate to the petiole, rarely absent; petioles often dilated at base, and biglandular at the apex. Rosaceoe is one of the most important orders from a garden standpoint. It is split up, by the authors of the "Genera Plantarum," into ten tribes--Chrysobalaneae, Neuradeae, Pomeae, Potentilleae, Poterieae, Pruneae, Quillajeae, Roseae, Rubeae, and Spiroeeae--several of which are regarded, by some other writers, as distinct orders. The principal fruits yielded by members of this order are: Almond, Apple, Apricot, Blackberry, Cherry, Medlar, Nectarine, Peach, Pear, Plum, Quince, Raspberry, Service Berry, and Strawberry. In addition to these, many beautiful flowering plants are included in Rosaceae, the Rose, of course, taking front rank. Rose-water is obtained, by distillation, from the petals of Rosa centifolia, R. damascena, R. moschata, &c., as is also the Attar of Roses used in perfumery, by maceration in oil of sesamum. Chrysobalanus Icaco furnishes the Cocoa Plum of the West Indies, Parinarium excelsum the Grey or Rough-skin Plum, and P. macrophyllum the Gingerbread Plum. The bark of Moquilia utilis, the Pottery-tree of the Amazons, contains such a large amount of silica, that, when powdered and mixed with clay, it is employed in making pottery by the natives of Para. The order comprises, according to Bentham and Hooker, about seventy-one genera and 1000 species; but some authors place the number of the latter as high as 1500. Characteristic genera: Chrysobalanus, Crataegus, Potentilla, Pyrus, Rosa, Rubus, Spiraea.