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Eng (Bot Flor dan t History Use)

bot. 412 Flor. dan. t. 621 11355 11345 11346 11353 11358 History, Use, Propagation, Culture, 1660. Arctium. From aρκτoς, a bear, (arth, Celtic); on account of the rough bristly fruit, which may be compared to the coarse hair of a bear. Lappa is derived from llap, a hand, in Celtic, because it lays hold of every thing near it. The burdock is too familiar to every schoolboy to need illustration. It is equally common in Europe and Japan, by road sides and on ditch banks. Few quadrupeds, except the ass, will eat the plant; but birds feed on the seeds, and snails and caterpillars on the leaves. The stems, stripped of their rind before the flowers appear, may be eaten, either boiled or raw, with oil and vinegar. Withering says, a decoction of the roots is esteemed by some equal to that of Sarsaparilla. Burnt green, between the time of flowering and seeding, three pounds of the ashes pro potash. produced sixteen ounces of very white alkaline salt, as good as the best 1661. Serratula. A diminutive of serra, a saw; the leaves being edged with cutting teeth. Plants with the habit and qualities of thistles. Serratula tinctoria dyes cloth of a yellow colour. 1662. Saussurea. Named in honor of the celebrated Swiss philosopher Horace Benedict de Saussure, who, among his other acquirements, possessed a considerable knowledge in botany. He died in 1799, in the fiftyninth year of his age. 1663. Carduus. This word appears to be derived from ard, a point, in Celtic, in allusion to the numerous ORDER I. 11345 Leaves cordate petiolate SYNGENESIA ÆQUALIS. 11346 Cauline leaves cordate stalked entire, Invol. cobwebbed downy 11347 Invol. woolly: inner scales subulate somew. colored scarcely longer than outer, Racemes axill. panicled 11348 Leaves sharply serrate glab. pinnatifid: the terminal lobe the largest, Flowers in a small clust. umbel 11349 Leaves serrated unequally pinnate of about 5-pairs, Pinnæ confluent, Pedunc. 1-fl. Fl. rayed 11350 Lvs. serrated unequally pinn. of about 2-pairs, Pinnæ confluent, Pedunc. 1-fl. Inner scales of invol. long 11351 Lvs. lin. lanc. hirsute revolute at edge, Stem 1-fl. vill. Scales of invol. ov.-lanc. appressed 11352 Leaves lin. entire hirsute, Fl. terminal corymbose 11353 Leaves lin. entire downy beneath revolute at edge, Corymb fastigiate 11354 Leaves pinnatifid oblique acute smooth unarmed, Scales of invol. mucronate: inner scarious 11355 Leaves pinnatifid: lobes distant, Stem nearly simple 1-flowered, Invol. globose squarrose 11356 Like S. tinctoria, but the lower leaves are oval and entire [colored 11357 Leaves pectinate-pinnatifid naked segm. lin. unarmed; terminal ovate, Scales of invol. ov. mucronate 11358 Invol. unarmed somewhat awned radiate, Leaves pinnatifid 11359 Leaves ov. pinnatifid toothed unarmed hoary beneath: upper sess. Stem 1-fl. Scales of invol. ov. unarmed 11360 Leaves lin. entire downy beneath, Corymb nearly simple, Invol. ob!. ovate downy 11361 Invol. ovate: scales roundish scarious at edge, Leaves lanc. lower somewhat toothed at base 11362 Stem somewhat downy, Lvs. obl. acute narrowed at base serrated, Fl. subsessile, Invol. unarmed 11363 Lvs. downy beneath somewhat toothed: radical cord. stalked, Cauline lanc. decurrent, Invol. squarrose 11364 Invol. corymb. somewhat downy, Leaves fleshy smooth: radical lyrate hastate, Cauline hastate 11365 Leaves villous beneath toothed: radic. ovate-lanc. Flowers terminal somewhat umbelled 11366 Lvs. downy beneath toothed: radic. ovate-subcordate; cauline ovate-lanc. Fl. terminal somew. umbelled 11367 Leaves decurrent toothed spiny, Pedunc. naked very long 1-fl. Invol. spiny inclining 11368 Lvs. half decurrent obl. spiny-toothed somewhat fleshy smooth glauc. beneath, Pedunc. very long 1-fl. 11369 Leaves obl. decurrent sinuate spiny with white veins villous beneath, Fl. sessile clustered, Invol. cylind. 11370 Leaves decurrent spinous, Fl. drooping, Scales of the invol. lanc. cottony: outer ones spreading 11371 Leaves decurrent pinnatifid downy: segments palmate spiny, Flowers clustered 11372 Leaves decurrent runcinate spiny, Pedunc. somewhat downy 1-fl. Invol. ovate mucronate unarmed 11373 Leaves decurrent sinuate spiny smooth, Pedunc, short subcorymbose downy 11374 Leaves decurrent spiny glabrous, Pedunc. erect 1-fl. unarmed [lanc. erect 11375 Lvs. decur. sinuated spinous, Invol. globose nearly sess.: its scales lin. slightly recurved 11376 Lvs. decurrent sinuated spinous somew. cottony beneath, Invol. nearly cylindr. clustered sess. their scales 11377 Lvs. decurrent obl. sinuated spiny at edge downy beneath, Fl. stalked clustered terminal 11378 Lvs. decurrent lanc. pinnatifid toothed spiny vill. beneath, Pedunc. 1-fl. downy, Scales of invol. sub. spiny 11379 Leaves half decurrent lanc. pinnatifid spiny downy beneath, Pedunc. scaly downy 11380 Caul. lvs. half decurrent obl. undivided spiny toothed subvillous beneath: radic. pinnatifid at base 11381 Leaves decurrent sinuated ciliated naked beneath, Fl. stalked heaped 11382 Leaves half decurrent pinnatifid toothed spiny white with down beneath, Fl. subsessile term. clustered 11383 Leaves half decurrent toothed sinuate spiny smooth, Flowers panicled 11384 Leaves decurrent pinnatifid sinuated downy spiny, Pedunc. naked downy, Invol. deciduous 11385 Lvs. downy beneath: upper finely decurrent lin. Stem 1-fl. Scales of invol. lanc. mucron. downy 11386 Lvs. decurrent deeply pinnatifid: segments toothed upwards spiny with setaceous ciliæ at end 11387 Leaves half decurrent pinnatifid acuminate: segm. 2-lobed ciliated spiny, Pedunc. downy 11388 Leaves half decurrent pinnatifid-serrate somew. spiny ciliated naked: radic. undivided, Pedunc. very long 11389 Leaves adnate at base lanc. naked eroded ciliate-spiny unarmed [woolly 11390 Leaves unarmed: radic. ovate toothed somewhat cut at base; cauline sessile pinnatifid linear 11391 Leaves naked: radical obl. entire; cauline lanc. somewhat toothed, Scales of invol. ovate mucronate 11367 11369 11375 11376 11372 11379 11380 11385 and Miscellaneous Particulars. points with which it is beset. C. marianus, the milk-thistle, derived its name from the Virgin Mary, some of whose milk is said to have fallen upon the leaves of the plant, and changed them to white. An extensive genus of rather handsome weeds. C. Personata is said to have been so called, because its ample leaves were formerly used as a mask (persona). Some of the gigantic species make handsome, ornaments for the shrubbery, but the greatest number are nuisances to the husbandman; some on account of their deep vivacious roots, which cannot be eradicated without extreme difficulty; but the greater number because of their bulky herbage, and the extensive dissemination of their seeds by the wind. The footstalks of the leaves of most or all of the species of this and the allied genera might be eaten in the manner of Cardoons, if similarly blanched. The dried flowers of C. arabicus and nutans will curdle milk. The seeds of all the species of Serratula, Cnicus, Onopordum, and similar genera, are greedily eaten by small birds, especially the finches.

The Carduineæ of M. Cassini differ from Carlineæ of the same author, in the filaments being hairy or papillose, from Centaurieæ in the structure of ovarium and of pappus, and from Echinopseæ, to which they bear a general resemblance, by many very important characters. The species inhabit Europe, Asia, and Africa; there are scarcely any in America, and none in the southern hemisphere. 1664. SI'LYBUM. Gærtn. SILYBUM. 11392 mariánum Gærtn. milk SYNGENESIA ÆQUALIS.

Composite. Sp. 2-5. 11393 cérnuum Gærtn. nodding পপ w 5 jl Pu or 4 jn.jl Y Britain banks. S co Siberia 1755. D co 1665. CNI CUS. W.

HORSE THISTLE.

Compositæ.

Sp. 52-114. 11394 palústris W. marsh W 3 jl.au Pu 11395 cánus W. hoary or 4 jl.au Pu 11396 Acárna W. winged or 2 jl.s Pu 11397 monspessulánus W. Montpelier or 2 jn.jl Pu 11398 lanceolátus W. common w 3 jn.s Pu 11399 férox W. prickly or 3 jl.au Pu 11400 ciliátus W. fringed or 3 au Pu 11401 erióphorus W. woolly-headed or 2 jl.au Pu 11402 díscolor W. 11403 altíssimus W. 11404 pratensis W. 11405 heterophýllus W. 11406 helenioídes W. 11407 serratuloídes W. 11408 elátior Link. 11409 uliginósus Bieb. 11410 pannónicus W. 11411 stríctus Tenore. melancholy Elecampane-lv.

Saw-wort-like two-colored or 2 jl.au Pu giant or 6 au.s Pu meadow W 3 jn Pu Britain m.pas. S co Austria 1633. D co Spain 1683. S co Montpel. 1596. D co Britain banks. S co S. Europe 1683. S co Siberia 1787. D co Britain ch.pa. S co N. Amer. 1803. S co N. Amer. 1726. D co Britain m.pas. D co CLASS XIX.