Euphorbiaceæ (III)
Sp. 1-5.
CLASS XXI. un 6 jl.au G W. Indies 1739. C p.l Plu. ic.220. t.226 History, Use, Propagation, Culture, 2040. Plukenetia. Named after Leonard Plukenet, an English botanist, who published some valuable works, with an immense number of copperplates, of singular merit for their time. The names of two of these works are so singular as to deserve explanation. One was called Amaltheum botanicum. This word in Greek, Aμάλθεia, was the name of the goat which suckled Jupiter. As its milk was exquisite and abundant, the word came to signify, among the ancients, the symbol of richness and abundance. The famous library of Atticus was called Amaltheum, on account of the number and variety of the books which it contained. In CLASS XXII. - DIECIA.
Male and female flowers upon different plants.
To this class many of the observations made upon the last are equally applicable. Like it, the genera would have been more conveniently distributed among previous classes. The genera it contains are chiefly trees, and many of them form the most valuable portion of the forests of all parts of the world. In Monandria is found the celebrated Pandanus or screw pine, which, with its strange spiral branches, constitutes one of the most singular features of the vegetation of the Isle of France. Diandria contains the valuable Salix; Pentandria, the hop, the hemp, and the spinage. The black Bryony, and various palms have a station in Hexandria; the poplar in Octandria; the Papaw and the Bonduc tree in Decandria. Monadelphia is richly endowed with valuable trees, such as the yew, the Norfolk Island pine, the juniper, the nutmeg; and it also contains the wonderful pitcher-plant of China. Order 1. MONANDRIA.
Stamen 1. 2041. Pandanus. Male. Cal. O. Cor. O. Anthers cuspidate. Female. Cal. O. Cor. O. Style bifid. Drupe compound or simple.
Order 2. DIANDRIA.
Stamens 2. 2042. Salix. Barren fl. Scales of the catkin single-flowered, imbricated, with a nectariferous gland at its base. Perianth. O. Stam. 1-5. Fertile fl. Scales of the catkin single-flowered. Perianth. O. Stigmas 2, often cleft. Caps. 1-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded. Seeds comose. 2043. Cecropia. Male. Spatha falling off.
Female, as in the male. Style 1. Stigma torn. Ovaries imbricated. Berry 1-seeded. 2044. Borya. Male. Cal. 4-leaved. Cor. O.
Order 3. TRIANDRIA.
Catkin cylindrical. Cal. turbinate 4-cornered scales. Cor. O. Stamens 2-3. Female. Stigma capitate. Berry 1-seeded. Stamens 3. 2045. Empetrum. Barren fl. Cal. tripartite. Cor. of 3 petals (7 in E. B.). Stam. 3 (9 in E. B.), upon long filaments. Fertile fl. Cal. tripartite. Cor. of 3 petals. Style very short. Stigma with 6-9 rays. Berry superior, globose, with 6-9 seeds. 2046. Willenovia. Male. Cal. of many glumes. Petals 6. Nectary fleshy, 6-parted, surrounding the corolla. Female. Ovary superior. Style 1. Stigmas 2-3. Drupe 1-seeded. 2047. Restio. Spike imbricated. Cal. 6 equal glumes. Cor. O. Female. Styles 2-3. Nut stony, 1-celled, seeded. 2048. Elegia. Cal. 6 unequal glumes. Female. Styles 3. Caps. 6-celled. Seeds solitary. ORDER VIII.
MONECIA MONADELPHIA. 13682 Angles of capsules compressed keeled and Miscellaneous Particulars. this sense Plukenet applied it to a work in which a great variety of curious plants was assembled. The other work was called Almagestum. This also came originally from the Greek. Claudius Ptolomæus, an astronomer and mathematician, published about the middle of the second century a work on astronomy, called Σuvτaξiς μεγiστη, which may be Englished "Great work." Ishac ben Honain translated it into Arabic at the beginning of the ninth century, by order of the Caliph Mahmoun; to its title he added the Arabic article Al, and so formed the word Al-magesti or Almaghesti. 2049. Phanix. Cal. 3-parted. Petals 3. Ovary 1. Drupe ovate-oblong. 2050. Stilago. Male. Cal. tubular, 3-4-toothed. Cor. O. Stamens 2-3. Female, an annular disk at the base of the ovary. Stigmas 2, one bifid. Drupe 1-seeded. 2051. Osyris. Male. Cal. 3-fid. Cor. O. Female. Style 1. Stigma roundish. Berry 1-celled. Order 4. TETRANDRIA.
Stamens 4. 2052. Aulax. Male. Flowers racemose. Cal. O. Petals 4, staminiferous. Female. Stigma oblique. Nut exserted, ventricose, bearded. 2053. Leucadendron. Male. Flowers capitate. Cal. O. Petals 4, staminiferous. Female. Stigma oblique. Nut or samara 1-seeded, included in the scales of the cone. 2054. Viscum. Barren fl. Cal. O. Petals 4, dilated at the base, connate, resembling a cal. Anthers sessile, adnate with the petals. Fertile fl. Cal. submarginate. Petals 4, dilated at the base. Style 1. Drupe inferior, 1-seeded. 2055. Myrica. Barren fl. Scales of the catkin concave. Perianth. O. Fertile fl. Scales of the catkin concave. Perianth. O. Styles 2. Drupe 1-celled, 1-seeded. 2056. Nageia. Cal. 4-leaved. Cor. O. Style bifid. Drupe 1-seeded. 2057. Shepherdia. Male flowers in a catkin, 8-androus. Female racemose at the ends of the branches. Limb of calyx flat, regular, 4-parted. Disk with 8 glands. Fruit of Hippophae. 2058. Hippophae. Male flowers in a catkin, tetrandrous. Female solitary in the axillæ of the leaves. Calyx tubular, bifid at end, closed. Disk O. Fruit formed of a berried calyx and akenium. 2059. Broussonetia. Male. A cylindrical catkin. Cal. 4-parted. Female. A globose catkin. Cal. tubular, 3-4-toothed. Ovaries becoming fleshy, clavate, prominent. Style lateral. Seed 1, covered by the calyx. 2060. Schafferia. Cal. 4-leaved. Petals 4 or O. Berry 2-celled. Seeds solitary. 2061. Brucea. Male. Cal. 4-parted. Petals 4. Disk 4-lobed. Female. Pericarps 4, 1-seeded. 2062. Anthospermum. Male. Cal. 4-toothed. Cor. with a short tube, and 4-parted limb. Female. Ovary inferior. Styles 2, reflexed. Fruit bipartible. 2063. Trophis. Male. Cal. O. Petals 4. Female. Cal. O. 2064. Montinia. Male. Cal. 4-toothed. Petals 4. Female. Style bifid. Stigmas reniform. Capsule inferior, 2-celled, many-seeded. Order 5. PENTANDRIA. 2065. Pistacia. Male. Cal. 5-fid. Cor. O. Female. 2066. Xanthoxylum. Male. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. O. Stamens 3-5. Female. Ovaries 5. Caps. 3-5, onereeded. 2067. Picramnia. Male. Cal. 3-5-parted. Petals 3-5. 2-seeded. 2068. Antidesma. Male. Cal. 5-leaved. Cor. O. 1-seeded. 2069. Iresine. Male. Cal. 2-leaved. Petals 5. seeds.
Cor. O. Style 2-parted. Berry 1-seeded.
Stamens 5.
Cal. 3-fid. Cor. O. Styles 5. Drupe 1-seeded.
Stamens 3-5. Female. Styles 2.
Anthers bifid. Female. Stigmas 5.
Berry 2-celled, Berry cylindrical, Scales 5-7. Female. Stigmas 2, sessile. Caps. with downy