Twint
Br small patches wint. D.G chalk stones Eng. bot. 738 rocks, sea co. Dillenius, t. 19. f. 19 15679 palmátum Ach. palmated lobed patch 15680 granulátum E. B. granular imbric. patch 1 spr. su. Br 1 wet w. Br sand. ground Eng. bot. 1635 gravel walks 15681 multipartítum E.B. many-parted lobed patch 3 sum.
Ol. G rocks & walls Eng. bot. 2582 15682 saturnínum Ach. dingy leafy 2 all sea. Bl.G trun. of trees Eng. bot. 1980 15683 Burgéssii Ach.
Burgess's leafy 2 all sea. Gl. trun, of trees Eng. bot. 300 15684 nigréscens Ach. blackish leafy 2 all sea. D.G trun. of trees Eng. bot. t. 345 15685 fláccidum Ach. flaccid leafy smooth 2 all sea. D.G Scotland Eng. bot. t. 1653 15686 fúrvum Ach. rough rugose memb. 2 all sea. D.G trun. of trees Eng. bot. t. 1757 15687 scotínum Ach. naked flat patches 1½ sum. OI old walls sinuatum Ach. 15663 sinuous flat patches 1 sum. OI 15666 15667 old walls Eng. bot. 772 15668 15671 History, Use, Propagation, Culture, 2357. Usnea. This word is said to have originated in the Arabic áchneh or âchnên, which is, according to Golius, the name by which the Arabian physicians designate Lichens in general. Crustaceous branched tufts, , the name by which the Arabian physicians designate Lichens in general. Crustaceous branched tufts, usually hanging down from the substances on which they grow ORD. VIII. TRIBE III.
LICHENS HOMOTHALAMI. 15662 Thallus decumbent rounded smoothish dichotomous greyish-black, Branches and branchl. flexuose intricate forked at the extremity, Apothecia somew. margined plane: circumference naked and granulated 15663 Thallus decumbent rounded roughish black, Branches intricate capillaceous: the ultimate ones simple, Apothecia of the same color entire in the circumference 15664 Minutely shrubby densely tufted erect entangled cylindrical corymbose black with palish notched tips 15665 Thallus nearly erect roughish greenish-grey with very numerous fine horizontal fibres, Branches patent subsimple, Apothecia plane very broad whitish ciliated: the ciliæ radiating long 15666 Thallus pendulous smooth pale, Branches lax much divided subfibrillose: the ultimate ones capillaceous, Apothecia plane broad ciliated, Ciliæ slender very long Thallus nearly erect somewhat shrubby pale greenish-white very much branched subpulverulent and roughish, Branches very much divided flexuose intricate attenuated subfibrillose 15667 Thallus pendulous smoothish rounded thickish pale greenish-grey, Branches divergent here, and there fibrillose capillary at their extremity articulated below Thallus glabrous greenish-grey glabrous, Branches elongate dichotomously divided articulated, Articulations swelling distinct: ultimate branches capillary fibrillose + Thallus crust-like, irregular, or uniform. PLACYNTHIUM. 15668 Thallus crustaceous roundish brown-black: lobes of the circumference cut crenate; central granular a little branched, Apothecia becoming convex black-edged ++ Thallus imbricated, plaited, roundish, composed of minute lobes, becoming very turgid when wet. ENCHYLIUM. 15669 Thallus suborbicular imbricated: lobes thick; all minute rounded crenulated ascending, Apothecia nearly plane aggregated of the same color as the thallus: the margin crenulated subevanescent 15670 Thallus roundish: lobes rounded expanded naked thickened at edge crenate ascending, Apothecia scattered minute concave dull yellow-brown: exterior margin tumid and unequal 15671 Suborbicular: the central lobes somewhat erect granulated; those of circumference depressed larger obt. 15672 Suborbicular imbricated lobes thickish flat incumbent roundish cut lobed and crenulate, Apothecia crenulate, Fructification scattered rather concave reddish with a granulated margin scattered immersed in the lobes and concave rufous with an entire edge scattered concave whole-colored whole-colored: disk urceolate with a double edge 15673 Suborbicular imbricated: lobes all thick rounded lobed plaited in circles wavy suberect entire, Apothecia 15674 Thallus cushion-like formed of thick close blunt complicated lobes, Apothecia somew. marginal roundish 15675 Thallus orbicular somewhat stellated imbricated: lobes cut and laciniated; margins elevat. waved crisp. and crenulated, Apothecia marginal nearly plane of same color as thallus: their margin granulated Lobes of the thallus deeply laciniated narrow multifid spreading flexuose nearly plane crenate and lobed, Apothecia marginal and scattered dark-brown their margin entire 15676 Thallus suborbicular imbricato-plicate: plaits central erect flexuose, Lobes of the circumference rounded inciso-crenate, Apothecia marginal turbinate fasciculate: disk rather convex reddish 15677 Thallus lobed starry dark green, Apothecium central elevated brownish pink with a paler entire margin 15678 Thallus thick dark-green with elevated intestine-like convolutions round, Apothecia rufous brown +++ Thallus somewhat foliaceous irregular, formed of naked, expanded, thick, turgid, naked lobes. SCYTINIUM. 15679 Thallus subfoliaceous green-brown-glaucous: lobes thick close palmate cut; segments somewhat linear 15680 Leafy gelatinous fleshy granulated on both sides of a blackish-olive color, its lobes crowded rounded 15681 Frond radiating fieshy: segments repeatedly forked fan-shaped crenate convex above concave beneath, plaited crisp and cut, Apothecia scattered dark brown Shields prominent at length blackish and flat ++++ Thallus foliaceous: lobes rounded, downy or fibrous beneath. MALLOTIUM. 15682 Thallus foliaceous blackish-green glaucous and downy beneath, Lobes rounded waved entire, Apothecia scattered elevated plane reddish: their margin entire 15683 Thallus foliaceous somew. imbricated glauc. greenish-brown pubescent and somew. spongy beneath, Lobes rounded sinuated crenulat. and crisped, Apoth. depressed planish brown: their margin foliaceous crisped +++++ Thallus foliaceous: lobes somewhat membranous, lax, naked, dark-green. LATHAGRIUM. 15684 Thallus foliaceous membranous submono-phyllous orbicular depressed plaited rounded and lobed black- 15685 Thallus foliaceous membranaceous smooth blackish-green: lobes distinct rounded entire lax waved, green, Apothecia central crowded at length convex reddish brown their margin entire Apothecia scattered nearly plane reddish: their margin thin entire 15686 Thallus foliaceous membranaceous somew. wrinkled complicate blackish-green granulated on both sides: lobes round. unequal waved and crisp. ent. Apoth. scattered plane dark-brown: their margin entire 15687 Thallus foliaceous membr. imbr. naked black: lobes small roundish cut nearly entire suberect plaited, Apoth. scattered sessile whole-colored with an entire edge ẞ Lobes sinuate cut crisp toothletted 15672 15674 15676 15677 and Miscellaneous Particulars. 2358. Collema. A Greek word signifying a glutinous substance. All the species are gelatinous, and are supposed by Fries to be Algæ in a Licheniform state. Nostoc cæruleum has been positively stated to be convertible into Collema limosum. CRYPTOGAMIA.
CLASS XXIV. 15688 tremelloídes Ach. tremella-like half transpar. 1 spring Lead rocks Eng. bot. t. 1981 15689 lácerum Ach. lacerated half transpar. 1 spring Gl. earth Eng. bot. t. 1982 15690 súbtile Ach. subtle starry 1½ sum. D.G earth Eng. bot. t. 1008 15691 tenuíssimum Ach. very fine flat patch 2 jul. au. D.Ol dry banks Eng. bot. 1427 15692 Schradéri Ach.
Schrader's small tufts june Y.G old walls Eng. bot. 2284 15693 muscícola Ach. moss-covering cushion-like spring Br among moss Eng. bot. 2264 15694 spongiósum Ach. spongy large fruit 3 all sea. Ol. Br rocks Eng. bot. 1374 2359. LEPRA'RIA. Ach. LEPRARIA. 15695 chlorína Ach. 15696 fláva Ach. 15697 ochrácea E. B.
ATHALAMI.
Sp. 4-13. brimstone cushion-like 2 wint. Sul. rocks Eng. bot. 2038 yellow thin coat 2 wint. Bt. Y old pales Eng. bot. 1350 ochre-colored scatter. warts wint. G.Y old trees Eng. bot. 2408 15698 viréscens E. B. greenish granular wint. Y.Gelm trees Eng. bot. 2149 cloudy veiny Persoon's PSEUDO-LICHENES. 2360. OPE'GRAPHA. Ach. OPEGRAPHA. 15699 nimbósa Ach. 15700 venósa E. B. 15701 Persoónii Ach.
Sp. 10-35. variegated 1½ all sea. Pa. Y old trees Eng. bot. 2346 flat patch 1½ all sea. pa. Oc. beeches Eng. bot. 2454 tartareous 2 all sea. Wsh stones ẞ apórea Ach. rough leprous 2 all sea. Wsh slate & stones 15702 calcárea Ach. 15703 maculáris Ach. 15704 herpética Ach. limestone spotted eruptive angular dots all sea. Bl mort., old w. Eng. bot. 1790 largish spots all sea. Brsh bark of trees E. bot. 2282. 0. epiphega dotted crust 1 all sea. Pa. Ol bark of trees Eng. bot. 1789 ẞ disparáta Ach. reddish mealy crust 1 all sea. Pa. Ol bark of trees E. bot. 2347. O. rubella 15705 vulgáta Ach. common scaly 1½ all sea. G. W bark of trees Eng. bot. 1811 15706 epipásta Ach. dotted smooth skin 3 all sea. Gr smooth bark Eng. bot. 1828 15707 stenocárpa Ach. microscópica Ach. microscopical smooth skin stenocarpa Ach. 3 all sea. OI narrow-fruited smooth patch. 1½ all sea. Ol smooth bark Eng. bot. 1911 smooth bark ẞ denigráta Ach. black smooth patch. 1½ all sea. Pa. G smooth bark Eng. bot. 1753 15708 nótha Ach. 3 all sea. Wsh 3 all sea. Gr old trees Eng. bot. 1896 trun. of trees Eng. bot. 2280 Sp. 11-56.
Bl rocks Eng. bot. t. 2456 15692 B diáphora Ach. 2361. VERRUCARIA. Ach. VERRUCARIA. 15709 maúra Ach. 15689 spurious dotted crust various-fruited dotted crust blackamoor cracked crust 2 aut. 15690 History, Use, Propagation, Culture, 2359. Lepraria. Because the plants upon which these substances grow have the appearance of being diseased with leprosy. 2360. Opegrapha. From όπη, a chink, and γρaφω, to write. The shields or apothecia are cracks upon the surface of the thallus resembling Hebrew or oriental characters upon a pale ground. ORD. VIII. TRIBE III.
LICHENS HOMOTHALAMI. ++++++ Thallus foliaceous: lobes rounded, membranous, thin, naked, cinereous, glaucous, somewhat transparent. Apothecia slightly stalked. LEPTOGIUM. 15688 Thallus foliaceous membranaceous thin subdiaphanous lead-color obsoletely rugose and dotted: lobes rounded somewhat cut, Apothecia scattered subpedicellate plane reddish-brown: their margin pale 15689 Thallus nearly erect foliac. membr. subdiaphan. subrugose with obscure reticulations glauc.: lobes small subimbr. cut and laciniat. and somew. fringed, Apoth. scattered rather concave red: their margins pale +++++++ Thallus very finely laciniated and branchletted. 15690 Thallus substellate: the segments very narrow linear appressed very much branched obtuse, Apothecia 15691 Thallus subimbricated: segm. minute linear multifid unequal granular acute much clustered, Apothecia central nearly plane of the same color as the crust: their margin thin entire scattered fleshy rufous margined 15692 Thallus subcæspitose: segm. linear flat irregularly subdivided rugose obtuse; margins repand obsoletely 15693 Thallus pulvinate brown, Branches rounded nearly erect flexuose uneven subfastigiate rather obtuse, crenated, Apothecia scattered of the same color Apothecia nearly terminal plane brown margined 15694 Thallus dull-green: segm. aggregate branched granular cylindrical obtuse, Apothecia scattered concave brown: externally spongy and pale with an erect thin margin ATHALAMI. 15695 Crust thick pulvin. bright sulphur-color composed of a dust-like substance collect. into somew. hairy glob. 15696 Crust spreading equal thin somewhat cracked bright-yellow composed of subglobose granules 15697 Crust not discernible, Fructification of an ochrey-yellow collected into thin scattered patches 15698 Crustac. granulated continuous somewhat gelatin.: greyish dull-green when dry; bright-green when wet PSEUDO-LICHENES. + Disk of apothecia very narrow, crack-like, somewhat covered in by the conniving tumid margins. HYSTERINA. 15699 Crust somew. cracked unequal very white, Apothecia clustered minute oval-oblong turgid: disk closed 15700 Crust tartareous determined reddish-white, Clefts immersed convex without any elevated border repeatedly branched curved parallel and equidistant 15701 Crust tartareous smoothish cohering uneven whitish, Apothecia innate oblong: disk resembling a cleft, at length rugose waved plaited dissimilar rather confluent with the disk irregular somewhat dehiscent β Crust tartareous or leprose uneven pulverulent, Apothecia roundish dissimilar waved plaited tortuose and variously expanded in the disk 15702 Crust tartareous powdery very white, Apothecia longish straight swelling opaque collected in a stellate manner: disk like a crack 15703 Crust very thin brownish-black, Apothecia minute much crowded roundish elliptical, at length rugose irregular: disk very narrow 15704 Crust somewhat membranous very finely cracked rugose roughish cinereous-brown, Apothecia minute innate clustered convex elliptical oblong straight with a crack-like disk ẞ Crust membranous smoothish pale-olive or green and rufous-brown, Apothecia variable roundish oblong straight and curved 15705 Crust between cartilaginous and membranaceous somewhat scaly smoothish greyish-white, Apothecia 15706 Crust very thin of a regular figure polished cinereous, Apothecia innate minute convex rugulose opaque ẞ Crust very thin shin. pale-olive, Apothecia subellipt. simp. somew. parallel becoming stellate and angular 15707 Crust membranous polished somewhat bordered whitish, Apothecia sessile various: the smaller globose ẞ Crust regular membranous whitish, Apothecia sessile close together somewhat shining longish flexuose simple and branched: disk somewhat channelled sessile long or roundish waved somewhat shining with the disk very narrow various: smaller dot-like; longer very slender flexuose somewhat branched or oblong; larger very long narrow roundish flexuose ++ Disk of apothecia concave, channelled, or flat, appearing between the separated margins. ALYXORIA. 15708 Crust cartilagin. lep. white, Apothecia scatter. sess. round. and oval deform.: disk flat becoming convex Crust cartilaginous membranous dirty-white ash-color, Apothecia variable sessile oblong and tapering at each end opaque: disk flat +++ Thallus cartilaginous, membranous, contiguous, polished. LICCPHLEA. 15709 Crust very thin smooth much cracked very black, Apothecia very minute subglobose immersed: the extremity prominent umbilicated; nucleus blackish 15699 15700 15702 15703 15704 15704 β and Miscellaneous Particulars. 2361. Verrucaria. Thus called, from verruca, a wart, on account of the verrucose nature of the shields. Schrader says, this genus differs from the similar Eudocarpon in having the shields always closed, while the latter explodes its contents by a small but distinct orifice. CRYPTOGAMIA.
CLASS XXIV. 15710 punctifórmis Ach. dot-like thin coat 2 all sea. Br 15711 analépta Ach. little-dotted thin coat 3 all sea. Br sm. ash bark Eng. bot. 2412 sm. oak bark Eng. bot. 1848 15712 epidérmidis Ach.
Epidermis thin coat 1 all sea. W birch bark 15713 stigmatélla Ach. cinereous thin coat 3 all sea. Pa. Br smooth bark Eng. bot. 1891 15714 ceuthocárpa Ach. cracked tessellated 4 all sea. Pa. Ol slate rocks Eng. bot. 2372 15715 Schradéri Ach. 15716 Harrimánni Ach.
Schrader's dotted crust 4 all sea. Wsh calca. stones Eng. bot. 1711 Harrimann's small patches 1 all sea. Br.Ol hard rocks Eng. bot. 2539 15717 plúmbea Ach. lead-colored lobed patches 1 all sea. Ol limest. rocks Eng. bot. 2540 15718 striátula Ach. striated cloudy spots all sea. Pa. G flints ẞ acrotélta Ach. dingy cloudy spots all sea. Pa. G flints Eng. bot. 1712 15719 epigéa Ach. ground mealy tessell. 1 all sea. G dry banks E. b. 1681. L. terrestris 2362. PORI'NA. Ach.
PORINA.
Sp. 1-19. 15720 pertúsa Ach. bored crust aut.
Cin. bark of trees Eng. bot. 677 2363. ARTHO'NIA. Ach. ARTHONIA.
Sp. 4-14. 15721 impolíta E. B. dull spotted patch. all sea. Rsh trun. of trees Eng. bot. 981 15722 Swartziána Ach.
Swartz's cracked crust 1 all sea. Wsh smooth bark Eng. bot. 2079 15723 astroídca Ach. astroid membranous all sea. Cin. smooth bark Eng. bot. 1847 15724 obscúra Ach. obscure warty 3 all sea. D.Ol bar. of old tr. Eng. bot. 1752 15725 lý ncea Ach. speckled broad masses 3 all sea. Wsh bar. of old tr. Eng. bot. 809 2364. GRAPHIS. Ach.
GRAPHIS.
Sp. 5-16. 15726 scrípta Ach. written shining crust 1½ all sea. Grsh smooth bark Eng. bot. 1813 B pulverulénta Ach. powdery thin crust 2 all sea. Pa. Y trees Eng. bot. 1754 Cérasi Ach.
Cherry-tree thin crust 15727 dendrítica Ach.
Tree-like 15728 serpentína Ach. serpentine 15729 Lyélli Ach.
Lyell's 15730 élegans Ach. elegant 15710 15714 3 all sea. Y smooth patch. 1 all sea. Y even crust 3 all sea. Pa. Ol cracked crust 4 all sea. Pa. Ol uneven crust 3 all sea. Pa. Y 15715 old cher. tre. Eng. bot. 2301 smooth bark Eng. bot. 1756 smooth bark Eng. bot. 1755 rugged bark Eng. bot. 1876 smooth bark Eng. bot. 1812 15719 History, Use, Propagation, Culture, 2362. Porina. From πωρivoς, any thing that crumbles away, a name applied in consequence of the nature of the crust of these plants, which, indeed, is common to them with other Lichens. crust of these plants, which, indeed, is common to them with other Lichens. 2363. Arthonia . A name, the meaning of which is unexplained. The species are similar in habit to Spiloma and Opegrapha.
ORD. VIII. TRIBE V. LICHENS PSEUDO-LICHENES. 15710 Crust very thin determined polished brown. Apothecia min. hemisph. glob. without orifices: kernel white 15711 Crust membranous determined shining somewhat olive-colored, Apothecia subsessile scattered hemis- 15712 Crust exceedingly thin spreading quite white, Fructification minute roundish subelliptical, Tubercles pherical conoid papillose: kernel compressed somewhat membranous white semi-immersed: the interor white 15713 Crust thin cartilaginous membranous polished becoming cracked whitish, Apothecia minute hemispherical clustered subconfluent with scarcely any orifice ++ Thallus nearly solid, somewhat gelatinous. BLENNORINA. 15714 Crust somewhat gelatinous roundish broken dark crenate cut radiated in the circumference, Apothecia subglobose immersed papillose at end +++ Thallus subtartareous, crustaceous, contiguous, cracked into areolæ, or powdery. LITHOCIA. 15716 15715 Crust tartar. contig. whitish, Apothecia minute clustered immersed subglobose dirty inside Crust tartar. contig. whitish, Apothecia minute clustered immersed subglobose dirty transparent inside 15716 Crust tartareous contiguous bordered finely dotted mouse-color, Apothecia minute subglobose immersed with a prominent papilla: dirty-white inside coming depressed and scutelliform 15717 Crust tartareous contiguous finely cracked subrugose lead-color, Apothecia subglobose innate finely be- 15718 Crust with the figure of a tree greenish-black bordered, Areolæ nearly separate somewhat branched radiating, Apothecia conoid becoming concave above ẞ Areolæ of the crust dispersed deformed brownish-black ++++ Thallus soft, cottony, somewhat spongy, or thin and arachnoid. INODERMA. 15719 Thallus thin somew. fibrous uneq. pale-yell. Apothecia minute globose immersed with a prominent orifice brown clothed with deciduous mealiness 15720 Crust equal polished whitish ash-colored, Warts of apothecia subglobose, Orifices several depressed black 15721 Crust white powdery and cracked, Tubercles numerous depressed oblong irregular obtuse yellowish- 15722 Crust cartilagin. membr. white, Apoth. sess. broad. tum. round. rep. irreg. and confi. dark with elevat.dots 15723 Crust membr. pale cinereous and glaucescent, Apoth. flatten. upon the crust plane angular substell. black 15724 Crust membr. somew. olive-col. Apoth. min. flat concav. somew. membr. oval-ellipt. and renif. wrink. dark 15725 Crust thin subtartareous equal somewhat cracked white, Apoth. clustered flat somewhat immersed round oblong and curved black cæsious 15726 Crust membranac. smooth somew. shining white or greyish-brown bordered with black, Apothecia half immersed naked flexu. simple or branch.: disk very narr. marg. formed of the thallus raised membranac. 3 Crust effuse membr. whitish, Apoth. emerging flexuose with a channelled dehiscent cæsious disk with an elevated tumid margin Crust very thin hoary glaucous shining, Apothecia emerging straight long nearly simple acuminate somewhat parallel: disk channelled divergent forked acute, Disk broad flat naked 15727 Crust somewhat cartilaginous unequal very white, Apothecia immersed flexuose branched black: branches 15728 Crust cartilaginous membranous unequal rugulose of a regular figure white and cinereous, Apothecia immersed long clustered flexuose nearly simple and branched 15729 Crust membranous polished pale-olive, Apothecia clustered nearly simple curved turgid obtuse: disk 15730 Crust orbicular granular smooth white, Apothecia immersed scattered short straight nearly simple : broad convex cinereous pruinose with a thick powdery white margin margin of the perithecium with a longitudinal furrow 15721 e 15722 15723 15724 15725 15724 and Miscellaneous Particulars. 15726 15727 15729 2364. Graphis. From γρaφω, to write. The apothecia are extremely similar in form to the characters of some strange language. It is very near Opegrapha from which it does not at all differ in habit. 3 R Order 9 g g CRYPTOGAMIA. b d a 3 e g C A g FUNGI.
CLASS XXIV, Reproductive organs uniform. Sporules (e) arranged in tubular cells (f) placed in some parts of the external surface. Substance various (g), mostly thick and fleshy, sometimes vesicular. none. thick and fleshy, sometimes vesicular. Frond none.
IN speaking of the eighth order, Lichens, it has been observed, that they, Algæ and Fungi, might be considered collateral. But perhaps Fungi should be estimated as still lower in the scale of creation whose estimated as still lower in the scale of creation than Lichens. From some passages in the writings of a celebrated Swedish author upon Fungi, Mr. Fries, orders to Swedish author upon Fungi, Mr. Fries, whose mode of arrangement is almost entirely adopted here, it would seem as if he considered the three different , it would seem as if he considered the three orders to consist of the same beings altered by the material on which they grow, and organized according to the native on which they grow, and organized according to the different elements upon which they depend for support. Algæ, he observes, which are much extended in their native element, water, when exposed to the air, contract and become Lichens. Thus Nostoc muscorum becomes Collema limosum, &c. ; and Sir James Smith has even decided, that Lichina pygmæa when growing are decided, that Lichina pygmæa when growing under water is an Alga, and when above water a Lichen. But the differences between Fungi and Algæ, or Lichens, are greater, and arise out of their essence; that of Fungi being always reproductive, of Algæ primitive. In Algæ, the thallus is the most essential part, and the reproductive organs of secondary importance; in Fungi, the whole plant is generally a mass of reproductive matter, and the thallus always accidental. Fungi always grow upon dead vegetable matter; Lichens always upon living vegetation. The bark which, when living, bears Lichens, produces Fungi as soon as it begins to decay: and even on the same half-dead branch, the living side will be found occupied by Lichens, and the dead by minute Fungi. The lowest Fungi are considered by Fries, to bear the same relation to plants as Entozoa to animals; for which reason, he is of opinion, that all infusorial plants are Fungi, and not Algæ. But this may be doubted.
The number of Fungi which may be conceived to exist are incalculable. Fungi, Multitudes have been discovered by the researches of modern observers, and multitudes still remain to be detected, especially in extra-European countries . In Sweden, in the small space of a square furlong, where the number of Phænogamous plants was 420, and of Lichens and Algæ 430, Fries discovered more than 2000 species of Fungi.
The most celebrated writers on Fungi are Micheli, Schæffer, Bulliard, Bolton, Sowerby, and Greville, for figures; and Persoon, Link, Nees von Esenbeck, Fries, and Greville, as systematists.
Link defines the essence of a Fungus to be sporules disposed in a series, in elongated tubular cells; the cells situated in some part of the external surface. The part in which the reproductive organs are placed is called the hymenium (a), the hollow base from which the stem or stipes (a) arises is named the volva (b) or wrapper'; the upper part is the cap or pileus (c), which is provided on the inferior surface with thin radiating expansions , which are termed gills or lamellæ, among which the sporules are situated. Many Agarics have a delicate fringe connecting the margin of the pileus at a certain age with the stem; this is called the veil (d), and is either general (universale), when adnate with the surface of the pileus, but becoming obsolete with age; or it is partial when it extends only from the margin of the pileus to the stipes. The annulus (d) is a kind of veil, eil, which is sometimes fixed to the stem, at others free and capable of being moved upwards and downwards. The Peridium, Perithecium, or Perisporium, are different names for the envelope immediately enwrapping the sporules.
TRIBE I. HYMENOMYCETES.
Hymenium naked.
Class I. HYMENINI v. AGARICINE.
Hymenium distinct. Receptacle long or expanded, superior.
