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Cultivation (Preparation of the trenches)

The preparation of the trenches and ground is somewhat similar to that adopted for celery; but the plants grow much larger, and require a space of about 2ft. between them, and 6ft. between the rows. Some growers sow a few seeds in the rows at this distance apart, thinning them out to one plant when established. A much better plan is to sow the required number, in small pots, at the end of April, and place them in a cold frame, where the seed will soon germinate. Mice are very fond of the seed, consequently the frame must be kept close enough to prevent their entry, or the whole will be destroyed. Select the strongest plant in each pot, as they grow, and destroy the others. Plant out before they become pot-bound, in previously prepared trenches that have been well manured, and water plentifully when necessary. Occasional forking or hoeing between the plants, to encourage growth and destroy weeds, will be all that is required, besides watering, until September or October, when the plants will be ready for earthing up. Before any soil is applied, the stalks must be arranged upright, and closely bound up with haybands to within a foot of the tops. The soil must then be earthed up nearly as high as the haybands reach, and be beaten hard with the spade. It is very important that this operation should be performed on a dry day, when the hearts are free from water, or they will probably decay. The plants will be fit for use in about a month, and may be taken up as required. Should Cardoons be in great demand, an earlier or little later sowing may be made for successional crops. If the plants have to be kept for any length of time during winter, rain and frost must be excluded by means of a covering of litter or other protecting material; or they may be dug up and stored away in a cool, dry place, the haybands being allowed to remain on.

Sorts. The Spanish Cardoon with large solid ribs and spineless leaves, is the one most cultivated; it is liable to run to seed, but not as much as the common sort. The Tours Cardoon is much cultivated in France; but great care is necessary in working amongst them, as the leaves have very long sharp spines. There are one or two other varieties, but the Spanish is most preferable, and is generally grown.