Trumpet Flower
Including Campsidium and Pandorea. ORD. Bignoniaceae. A genus embracing about two dozen species of stove, greenhouse, or hardy, erect and arborescent, twining, climbing, or radicant shrubs, dispersed over the warmer and sub-temperate regions of the globe. Flowers often fulvous, red, or orange, racemose or panicled at the tips of the branches; calyx tubular-campanulate, sub-equally five-toothed; corolla tube elongated, straight or incurved, sometimes slightly enlarged or sub-ventricose, sometimes dilated in an ample, campanulate throat; limb sub-bilabiate, the five lobes scarcely unequal, broad, erectopatent or widely spreading; stamens four, didynamous, affixed below the middle of the tube, included or exserted. Capsule linear or narrowly elliptic, often acute at both ends, straight or incurved. Leaves opposite or rarely scattered, pinnate or undivided; leaflets often toothed. Tecomas succeed best in well-drained, loamy soil; they require very liberal supplies of water during summer, but should be kept moderately dry at the roots in winter. The plants grow vigorously under ordinary treatment; but, in order to insure their free flowering, the wood must be thoroughly ripened by being exposed to sunlight and air during the period of growth. The stove species may be grown in heat all the summer, and ripened by being kept cooler in autumn. Those succeeding in a greenhouse may have plenty of light and air through the summer. T. radicans, when planted out of doors, should be trained to a wall with a south aspect. Propagation is effected by root-cuttings, by cuttings of the young or partially-ripened shoots, or by layering. A selection of the best-known species is given below. Several others, formerly included here, will be found under Tabebuia.
T. australis (Southern).* Wonga-Wonga Vine. fl. in loose, terminal panicles; corolla yellowish-white, tinged inside with purple or red, the tube 1/2in. to 3/4in. long, the lobes broad, not one-third as long as the tube. June. l., leaflets usually five to nine, ovate-oblong to almost linear, entire or here and there coarsely crenate, variable, 1in. to 3in. long. Australia, 1793. A tall, woody, half-hardy climber. (B. 8.) SYNS. T. diversifolia, Bignonia Pandorea (A. B. R. 86; B. M. 865).
T. austro-caledonica (South Caledonian). fl. small; cymes opposite, compound; panicles terminal. Summer. l. imparipinnate, two or three-jugate, the upper ones trifoliolate; leaflets very broadly elliptic, obtuse, with two to four teeth below the acumen, sometimes nearly round. New Caledonia, 1870. A graceful climber.
T. capensis (Cape).* fl. clustered, in pedunculate racemes; corolla orange-scarlet, 2in. long, incurved; stamens exserted. August. l. imparipinnate, four-jugate; leaflets ovate, serrated. h. 15ft. Cape of Good Hope, 1823. A half-hardy, glabrous climber. (B. R. 1117; L. B. C. 1672.) T. chrysantha (golden-flowered). A synonym of Tabebuia chrysantha. T. diversifolia (variable-leaved). A synonym of T. australis. T. filicifolium (Fern-leaved).* l. opposite, imparipinnate, 5in. long, including the petioles, bearing considerable resemblance to the fronds of some of the small, slender, pinnate Ferns; leaflets nine to twelve pairs, small, ovate, deeply cut into two or three lobes on each side, the larger lobes being sometimes also toothed. Stem slight, woody. Fiji Islands, 1874. A very elegant, stove climber. SYN. Campsidium filicifolium (F. & P. 1874, p. 280). T. fulva (fulvous). fl. on bibracteate pedicels, seven to nine in a raceme; corolla fulvous outside, yellow within, 1 1/2in. long. July. l. scattered, imparipinnate, multijugate; leaflets cuneate-ovate, sub-sessile, serrated at apex, villous when young, afterwards glabrous; petioles articulated. Branches terete, glabrous. h. 15ft. Peru, 1855. An erect, stove shrub. (B. M. 4896; F. d. S. 1116.) T. grandiflora (large-flowered).* fl. in a terminal panicle; corolla scarlet, shorter and broader than that of T. radicans, the tube scarcely longer than the calyx; pedicels drooping, biglandular. July. l. imparipinnate; leaflets three to five-jugate, ovate, acuminate, with tooth-like serratures. h. 30ft. Japan and China, 1800. A glabrous, greenhouse climber. SYN. Bignonia grandiflora (A. B. R. 493; B. M. 1398; F. d. S. 1124-25). T. jasminioides (Jasmine-like).* fl. in compact, terminal, corymbose panicles; corolla white, streaked with red in the throat, the tube above 1in. long, the very broad lobes more than 1/2in. long. August. l., leaflets usually five or seven, ovate and acuminate or ovate-lanceolate, 1in. to 2in. long, all entire. h. 20ft. Australia. A glabrous, greenhouse climber. (B. M. 4004; B. R. 2002; P. M. B. vi. 199.) T. mirabilis (wonderful). A garden synonym of T. valdiviana. T. mollis (soft). fl. in a terminal panicle; corolla yellow or reddish. July. l. imparipinnate; leaflets four-jugate (in some forms, the upper leaves only one or two-jugate), oblong, acuminate, nearly entire, slightly serrated at apex, velvety on both sides. Branches compressed-terete. h. 6ft. Mexico, Colombia, Peru, and Chili, 1824. A softly pubescent-tomentose, erect, greenhouse shrub.
T. radicans (rooting).* Common Trumpet Flower. fl. in terminal corymbs; corolla scarlet-red, 2in. to 3in. long, the tube thrice as long as the calyx. Summer. fr. stipitate, 3 1/2in. long. l. imparipinnate; leaflets four or five-jugate, ovate, acuminate, dentateserrate, puberulous at the sides of the nerves beneath. h. 25ft. North America, 1640. A hardy shrub, climbing by aerial rootlets. See Fig. 11. SYN. Bignonia radicans (B. M. 485). The variety minor has narrower flowers of a beautiful scarlet colour. T. rosaefolia (Rose-leaved). fl. in terminal, sub-spicate racemes; corolla yellow, glabrous, funnel-shaped. July. l. imparipinnate; leaflets bijugate, oblong, obtuse, serrated. Branches terete, somewhat striated. h. 6ft. South America. An erect, stove shrub.
T. sambucifolia (Elder-leaved). fl. in a terminal panicle; corolla yellow, funnel-shaped. July. l. imparipinnate; leaflets two or three-jugate, oblong, acuminate, serrated. Branches slightly compressed. h. 6ft. Peru, 1824. A glabrous, erect, stove shrub.
T. serratifolia (serrate-leaved). A synonym of Tabebuia serratifolia. T. spectabilis (showy). A synonym of Tabebuia spectabilis. T. stans (standing). Yellow Elder. fl. racemose or paniculate; corolla yellow, 1 1/2in. long. Summer. l. imparipinnate; leaflets five to eleven, lanceolate, acuminate, deeply serrated. Branches terete. h. 12ft. West Indies and Mexico to Peru, &c., 1730. An erect, glabrous, greenhouse shrub. (B. M. 3191.) T. s. apiifolia (Apium-leaved). l., leaflets deeply incised, nearly pinnatifid. Mexico. Stove. SYN. Bignonia incisa (of gardens). T. undulata (waved). fl., corolla orange-coloured, ample, campanulate; racemes few-flowered, terminating the lateral branchlets. Summer. l. petiolate, simple, linear-lanceolate, obtuse, undulated, entire, often nearly alternate, 6in. to 7in. long; petioles nearly 1in. long. India and Arabia. A tall, erect, glabrous, stove shrub. SYN. Bignonia undulata (S. E. B. 19). T. valdiviana (Valdivian). fl. four to nine in simple, terminal racemes; corolla orange-coloured, villous within towards the base. Spring. l. imparipinnate; leaflets nine to fifteen, ovateoblong or elliptic, often mucronate, the margins toothed or nearly entire, pale beneath. Branches angular. Chili, 1870. A climbing, stove shrub. SYNS. T. mirabilis (of gardens), Campsidium chilense (G. C. 1870, 1182).
TECOPHILAEA (named after Tecophila, the daughter of Billotti, a botanist). SYNS. Distrepta, Phyganthus, Poeppigia. ORD. Haemodoraceae. A small genus (two species) of greenhouse, bulbous plants, natives of Chili. Flowers on rather long pedicels; perianth shortly and narrowly tubular above the half-inferior ovary, the lobes much longer, obovate-oblong, flat, sub-equal; scape included at base within a sheath with the leaves, otherwise leafless, one or loosely few-flowered. Leaves radical, few or solitary, spreading, linear or lanceolate, the base included in a long, scarious sheath. T. cyaneo-crocea, the only species yet introduced, thrives in a compost of rich, sandy loam. The bulbs should be kept dry during their season of rest. Propagation may be effected either by seeds or by offsets.
T. cyaneo-crocea (blue-and-yellow). Chilian Crocus. fl., perianth of a beautiful blue, with a whitish throat, 1 1/4in. to 1 1/2in. long, the segments obovate, many-nerved; peduncles one to three, erect, simple, one-flowered, ebracteate, 1in. to 2in. long. l., produced radical ones two or three, linear, acuminate, channelled, undulated, 3in. to 6in. long, 1/4in. to 1/2in. broad. 1872.
T. c.-c. Regelii (Regel's). fl., perianth segments narrower than in the type, 1in. long, oblong; peduncles longer. l. narrower, not undulated. (R. G. 718, under name of T. cyaneocrocea.) TEEDIA (called after J. G. Teede, a German botanist and traveller, who died in Surinam). SYN. Borkhausenia. ORD. Scrophularineae. A small, South African genus (two species) of greenhouse, glabrous or pubescent shrubs. Flowers pink, rather small; calyx deeply five-cleft; corolla tube cylindrical, the limb of five short, rounded, sub-equal, spreading lobes; stamens four, didynamous; peduncles cymosely few-flowered in the upper axils, forming a terminal, leafy thyrse. Leaves opposite, entire. The species are rather pretty subjects when in flower. A light, rich soil is most suitable. Propagation may be effected by seeds, or by cuttings.
T. lucida (clear). fl., corolla four to five lines long; peduncles 1/2in. to 3/4in. long, three to seven-flowered. April. l. ovate or ovate-lanceolate, narrowed at base and embracing the stem, 1in. to 4in. long, clear-surfaced, acute, serrulated. Branches tetragonal. h. 2ft. 1774. Plant glabrous. (B. R. 209.) T. pubescens (downy). fl., corolla 1/2in. long. May. l. ovate or elliptic, often broader than those of T. lucida, rounded or narrowed at base, clasping the stem. h. 2ft. 1816. Plant rusty-pubescent or villous. (B. R. 214.) TELFAIRIA (so called after Charles Telfair, 1778-1833, an Irish botanist, who died in the Mauritius). SYNS. Ampelosicyos, Joliffia. ORD. Cucurbitaceae. A small genus (two species) of stove, climbing shrubs, natives of tropical Africa. Male flowers mediocre or rather large, on bracteate pedicels, racemose; calyx tube short, the lobes lanceolate, serrated or crenate; corolla pale purple, rotate, five-parted, the segments fringed with elongated tendrils; stamens three. Female flowers solitary; rudimentary stamens wanting; ovary oblong, tumid and lobed at the base, three to five-celled. Fruit large, orbicular, compressed; seeds edible. Leaflets three or five, oblong, auricled at base, repand-toothed or cut. By pressure, the seeds of T. pedata yield an excellent bland oil, and they are said to be, when fresh, as palatable as almonds. Telfairias produce their handsome flowers in great profusion, but require a large space to grow in, and to be frequently pruned before flowering. Sandy loam and a little peat form a desirable compost for the plants. Cuttings of the flowering shoots should be taken, and inserted in soil or sand, under a glass, in heat, where they will readily root. T. occidentalis (Western). fl. 1 1/2in. to 2in diameter; corolla white, with a purple eye; stamens five; male racemes 1ft. long, six to ten-flowered. September. fr. yellow-green, 2ft. long, with ten thick wings 1in. deep, and flesh of golden-yellow pulp. l. alternate, petiolate, pedately five-foliolate; leaflets 3in. to 6in. long, shortly petiolulate, elliptic-ovate, obtusely acuminate, sinuate-toothed. Tendrils bifid. West Africa, 1870. (B. M. 6272.) Said to be cultivated for the seeds, which the negroes boil and eat. T. pedata (pedate-leaved). fl. 1in. or more long; calyx downy, large; corolla purplish; male racemes six to eight-flowered; peduncles 6in. to 8in. long. July. fr. always green, 1 1/2ft. to 3ft. long, often 8in. across, with ten to twelve deep furrows; seeds the size of a very large kidney bean. Zanzibar, 1825. (B. M. 2751-2.) SYNS. Feuillaea pedata (B. M. 2681), Joliffia africana.